IVanda (Vanda) isitshalo se-epiphytic esivela emndenini we-Orchid. Indawo umsuka weWanda uthathwa njengezindawo ezishisayo zasePhilippines, India, China, Indonesia naseNyakatho Australia.
I-Wanda i-epiphyte eyi-monopoidal enesistimu enamandla yezimpande. Izimpande ze-vanda ziluhlaza okotshani. Impande ngayinye imbozwe ungqimba obukhulu bamaseli afile, adala indawo engaphansi efanelekile yokufakwa kwamanzi kuwo womabili angaphansi komhlaba nomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo ungqimba wamangqamuzana afile uvikela izimpande kahle emiphumeleni yemisebe yelanga eshisayo. Isiqu se-vanda singafinyelela kumitha eli-1 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga atholakala ngobude, abukeka njengebhande, anesikhumba futhi aminyene lapho ethintwa. Umbala wamaqabunga uhluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani obhulowu.
Amaqabunga asondele komunye nomunye. Lesi sitshalo sakha ama-peduncle amade akhula kuma-sinuses amaqabunga. I-peduncle ngayinye iqukethe izimbali ezingaba ngu-15. Kwisitshalo esisodwa, ama-peduncle owodwa kuya kwamane angakheka ngasikhathi. Izinhlobonhlobo zemilo nemithunzi ye-vanda iyamangaza. Lezi zimbali ezinamakha zingaba mhlophe, ziphuzi, zibubende, zibomvu, ziwolintshi, zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlanganiswa kwazo okuhlukahlukene. Izimbali zeVanda zinesici sazo: ngokushesha nje lapho zivulekile, ungabona ukuthi zimile futhi zincanyana ngosayizi. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimbali ziba zikhulu futhi zingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu impela, futhi zithole ukugqama kombala. I-Vanda orchid blooms izinyanga ezintathu. Imvamisa yokuqhakaza izimbali kaningana ngonyaka (kuya ngezimo zokuvalelwa).
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Wanda orchid ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
I-Orchid vanda isitshalo esinemifanekiso eminingi. Ngaphezu kokuthi indawo lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona i-vanda kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, kufanele futhi ibe nomoya ogelezayo njalo. Amafasitela aseningizimu ntshonalanga noma aseningizimu alungele i-wanda. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, amaWanda ashiya maphakathi nosuku adinga ukumiswa yimisebe yelanga eshisayo. Isikhathi sosuku se-vanda kufanele okungenani sibe ngamahora ayi-12-15, kuphela kuleli cala lapho lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle futhi sihehe kahle ngokuqhakaza unyaka wonke. Ebusika, ngokukhanya okufishane kwemini, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okungezelelwe okwenziwe.
Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sasemini entwasahlobo nasehlobo kufanele libe ngama-degree angama-20-25, ebusuku - hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-17 degrees. Ebusika nasekwindla, izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini akufanele libe ngama-degree angama-20-22, kanti ebusuku - cishe kube ngama-14 degrees. Uma lesi sitshalo sigcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo lapho umehluko emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nobusuku cishe ngamadigri angama-8-10, i-vanda izoqhakaza maduze. Izimo zokuvalelwa zikhethiwe ngokuhlukile kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-vanda. Ngakho-ke izinhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zidinga amazinga okushisa ebusika angaba ngu-14 degrees.
Umswakama womoya
Umswakama wokugcina i-vanda kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-60-70%. Umoya omile uzobangela ukuthi izimpande namaqabunga esitshalo womile, futhi ukuqhakaza kungawa, ngaphandle kokuqhuma. Nsuku zonke udinga ukufafaza amaqabunga e-orchid ngamanzi afudumele, avikelwe.
Ebusika, nomoya omile kakhulu kusuka kumadivayisi wokushisa, ngaphezu kokufafaza, udinga ukusebenzisa izindlela ezengeziwe zokuqinisa umoya (imithombo yokuhlobisa, iziqukathi ezinesihlabathi esimanzi noma ubumba olwandisiwe). Kepha umswakama ophezulu kufanele uhambisane nomoya omncane wegumbi, uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo singathola izifo zokukhunta.
Ukunisela
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ama-vandas adinga ukuthambisa ngokucophelela okujwayelekile, kodwa izimpande kufanele zibe nesikhathi sokoma. Indlela yokunisela ixhomekeke kumthamo we-vanda. Uma lesi sitshalo sinamathiselwe kubhasikidi obunjiwe noma emagumbini esihlahla, khona-ke udinga ukusinisela ngokufaka isilinganisi sendawo emanzini afudumele imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30. Ungasebenzisa futhi imvula efudumele. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amanzi akufanele awele emacembe, ngaphandle kwalokho angabola ngokushesha. Isendlalelo esiphakathi kokuchelela kufanele sibe nesikhathi sokoma, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizoqala ukubola, okuzoholela ekufeni kwimbali.
Ebusika, i-vanda iphumule, ngakho-ke ingenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngaphandle kokunisela izinsuku ezingama-5-7. Ngalesi sikhathi, zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic ezitshalweni ziyehliswa, ngakho-ke azidingi ukuthambisa kaningi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lokunisela kufanele lifudumale (30-50 degrees).
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Udinga ukufaka umanyolo we-vanda ngakho konke ukunisela unyaka wonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo owenzelwe ama-orchid futhi uwushuthe ku-1/8 wokuhlushwa okhonjiswe kwimiyalo esephepheni. Ukugqoka izimpande kungashintshana ne-foliar ngokufafaza amaqabunga. Lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukwakhiwa kwe-salinization kohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo.
Izindlela Zokuqukethwe
Ekhaya, isimo esifanelekile sokugcina i-vanda kungaba isimo sakhe sokumiswa. Kulokhu, izimpande akufanele zibe sesigatshaneni. Ukulungisa ama-vandas sebenzisa womabili amabhodwe epulasitiki kanye nama bhasikidi e-wicker.
Namuhla, kaningi kakhulu ungakubona okuqukethwe kwe-vanda emigqonyeni yengilazi. Kwi-vase, i-vanda kumele ifakwe isekela, futhi izimpande kufanele zinamathele ngokukhululeka. Ngaphansi kwesihlalo sevase kufanele kube nesendlalelo sesihlabathi esimanzi noma ubumba olwandisiwe, oluzondla isitshalo ngomswakama. Cishe ingxenye yezimpande kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kwevase.
Futhi, ngempumelelo, i-vandu ingatshalwa ebhodweni leplastiki elinesigaxa sakwamanye ama-orchid, aqukethe ingxube yamagxolo apayini, i-sphagnum moss namalahle.
Ukuzalela iWanda
I-Vanda orchid isakaza ngezinqubo ezilandela kamuva - izingane. Ingane ngayinye ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa kufanele ibe nohlelo lwayo lwezimpande futhi ibe okungenani ngo-5 cm ukuphakama. Izindawo zokusika ziphathwa ngamalahle. Ukuze ingane ikhule kahle, igcinwa iswakama ephezulu (okungenani ama-85%) endlini ebamba ukushisa okuncane.
Ngemuva kokuthi ingane ithathe izimpande futhi ifinyelele kubude obungaba ngu-15 cm, ingadluliselwa esitsheni esikhulu njengesitshalo esidala esizimele.
Ukukhula kwezingane kwi-vanda kuyinto engavamile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zamakamelo. Ngakho-ke, ikhona enye indlela yokusabalalisa ngempumelelo isitshalo - usebenzisa ukusikwa okuyi-apical. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa iziqongo zez amahlumela ezingemuva kwesiqu, ezinezimpande zomoya. Izimbambo zikhiqizwa ku-substrate enengxube ye-moss-sphagnum nezimpande ze-fern noma i-conifers. Izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala, ukusika kuniselwa kakhulu, bese ukunisela kumiswa cishe futhi kulethwe imvamisa yezikhathi ezi-1-2 ngenyanga.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Imvamisa, i-vanda ithintwa yisifo sokukhunta njenge fusarium. Kubonakala njengezindawo ezinsundu ezisekelweni seqabunga. Isizathu sokubukeka kwayo ukususwa okungafanele kwezimpande ezindala namaqabunga afile. Ungaphatha ukonakaliswa kusuka ku-fusarium ngesixazululo se-fundazole.
Esinye isifo esingadala ukuthi i-vanda ife ukubola kwamagciwane. Ungalwa nayo ngosizo lwe-tetracycline ye-antiotic, encibilikisiwe emanzini. Futhi, amalungiselelo we-fungicidal asiza ngokumelene nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zamagciwane.
Izinambuzane zezinambuzane azivame ukuthelela i-vanda, kepha noma kunjalo, ama-aphid, ama-thrip, imikhaza kanye nama-mealybugs atholakala ezitshalweni.
