Amaplamu ayisinqumo esihle sabaqambi bengadi abaqala ukunquma ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo. Zivumelaniswa ngokuphelele nemvelo, zixubene ngokwengeziwe futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kunezinye izithelo. Ngaphezu ukunambitheka kwamaplamu, izihlahla zawo ngokwazo zihlobisa ingadi yakho.
Amapulangwe, kanye namapheya kanye nompetha, bayizithelo zamatshe.
Ukufakelwa
Zilungiselele ukuthi kufanele utshale izihlahla ezingaphezu kweniningi zezihlahla ze-plum, njengoba eziningi zazo zidinga impova yokuhluma kwezithelo, yize kunezinhlobo ezithile zokuzimela.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezizokhula endaweni yangakini. Sizobheka izinhlobo ezintathu zezihlahla zeplamu:
- I-European
- IsiJapan
- hybrid.
I-Hardy European plum ikhula kahle ezifundeni eziningi zase-United States. Izithelo zaseJapan zinezithelo lapho kuqhakaza khona izihlahla zepeyinti. AbaseMelika bazala inzalo ekwazi ukukhula ezindaweni lapho amaplamu aseYurophu nawaseJapan engaphili.
Tshala i-plum endaweni enelanga enhlabathini enamanzi, evundile. Vikela ukutshala ezindaweni eziphansi lapho umuthi ungathintwa yiqhwa. Uma kungenzeka, khetha indawo ukuze indawo yokukhosela ivikeleke emoyeni ovela eningizimu noma entshonalanga. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwezithelo.
Izithombo ezikhule ezitsheni kufanele zisuswe ebhodweni nasikereni ukuze zisuse izimpande eziyindilinga ezifaka ibhola eliphambili lezimpande.
Lapho utshala izihlahla ezixhunyiwe, ukuhlangana kwesitoko ne-scion kufanele kube ukuphakama okungaba ngu-3 cm kusuka emhlabathini.
Bumba umgodi obubanzi nobubanzi obungama-10 cm ngaphezu kobukhulu bekhoyili yezimpande. Beka isihlahla maphakathi nomgodi bese wenza umgodi omncane ozungeze isiqu. Qiniseka ukuthi izimpande ziqonde ezinhlangothini, kodwa hhayi zigobile kakhulu.
Beka izihlahla ezinkulu kude ngamamitha ayi-6-7 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Tshala imifino emamitha ayi-4-6.
Izihlahla zokuthena izihlahla kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukwephulwa kwamagatsha ngaphezulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, sinqume ngokuphelele indawo elimele yegatsha. Ngokufanelekile, kungcono ukuyinquma ngegatsha elikhulu.
Njalo ngesonto, nisela izihlahla ezincane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula sokuqala ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwazo. Bese ushintshela kokunisela ejwayelekile. Kuhle ukuthambisa inhlabathi eduze kwesiqu, uyiyeke yomile, bese ufaka amanzi amaningi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okuhle maphakathi no-Okthoba ukunikeza umuthi umswakama owanele ubusika.
Musa ukufaka umanyolo izihlahla ezincane zezithelo aze akhiqize isivuno. Emva kwalokho, ukuze ukhule izithelo uzodinga Umanyolo ojwayelekile unyaka wonke. Uma kulindeleke ukukhula okukhulu kwezithelo, engeza ama-450 g we-calcium nitrate esihlahleni ngasinye. Ekwindla nasebusika, khipha umanyolo we-nitrogen ukuze uvikele ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusha kulezi zikhathi zonyaka.
Ekwindla, khetha bese ulahla yonke imfucumfucu nemfucumfucu
Phatha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma maphakathi nehlobo ukuvikela isitshalo ezifweni. Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo kulunge kakhulu kuma-plums asemasha, kanti izihlahla zasehlobo zilungele ezenzelwe vele. Ungalokothi uthathe izihlahla zezithelo ekwindla noma ebusika, ngoba kulula ukuthola amagatsha.
Uma unezinkinga ngezinambuzane ezinambuzane, ke kunengqondo ukucabanga ngokusetshenziswa kwamagciwane.
Ukuvikela iplamu ekulimaleni ebusika (ikakhulukazi isihlahla esisha), yakha uthango elizungeze isiqu. Futhi qapha isimo se-cortex ezansi kwesiqu. Uma umkhondo wobukhona bezinwele noma amagundane ubonwa, nakekela uthango locingo.
Ukuthena iplamu yaseJapan
Uma une-plum yaseJapan ikhula, kungcono ukwenza isikhunta esivulekile sesikhungo. Ehlobo lokuqala, nciphisa amahlumela aqine ukwakha umqhele wamagatsha angama-2-3. Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, hlola isihlahla. Lapho usuthola amagatsha amathathu obubanzi obulinganiswe ngokulinganayo komunye nomunye, nqampuna okuseleyo. Ngakho-ke, uzoba namagatsha amakhulu.
Ngonyaka wesibili, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, sika ngamagatsha ngamafuphi phakathi kwesihlahla bese ususa noma yiziphi amahlumela akhula ngaphansi kwamagatsha amathathu amakhulu. Ehlobo lonyaka wesithathu, nquma zonke amahlumela maphakathi nesiqu ukuze kulondolozwe ukwakheka kwesihlahla.
Ukusekela nokwenza kahle izithelo, ama-plums aseJapan adinga izihlahla eziqinile. Kuyasiza futhi ukunciphisa inani lezithelo. Amapulangwe kufanele akhule ebangeni le-7-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
I-European Plum Pruning
Kwizihlahla zeplamu ezisezingeni laseYurophu, kungcono ukukhetha uhlobo lomholi wesimo segatsha elinamathambo. Ngokuthenwa kwalokhu, amagatsha asuka esiqwini njalo ngo-12- 20 cm, enza indawo evulekile lapho kufanele khona izinga ngalinye lamagatsha liguqulwe lilinganiswe langaphambili.
Qala ukuthena lokhu ekuqaleni kwehlobo lonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwesihlahla. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke amahlumela kufanele asikwe ngaphakathi kwengxenye yemitha ukusuka emhlabathini. Umphumela kufanele ufane nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi.
I-plum yaseYurophu ayidingi izithelo ezinciphile ngoba ayakhiqizi izithelo eziningi njengesiJapan. Kodwa-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwamaplamu kufanele libe ngu-5 cm egatsheni ngalinye.
Ukulawula okusebenzayo kwezinambuzane nezifo, ungakhohlwa ukunquma izihlahla zakho zezithelo. Ungasebenzisa i-mulch ukumelana nokhula entwasahlobo, kepha qiniseka ukuyikhipha ekwindla sekwephuzile ukuze ingabi indawo yokuhlaselwa ubulala amagciwane ebusika. Kuyasiza nokukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu kancane ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuthola izinambuzane ezingaba khona.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Izifo ezilandelayo kanye namagciwane angakwazi ukuhlasela iplamu:
- milky kukhanye;
- fungus fungus ukhunta;
- umdlavuza wamagciwane;
- isifo sephakethi;
- Mabhungane aseJapan
- i-aphid yamanzi lily;
- iplamu inundu.
Ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa
Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okungcono, vumela isivuno sivuthwe esihlahleni. Ungahlola ukulungela ngokucindezela udonga lwe-plum kancane. Uma ikhasi lithambile ekuthinteni, sekuyisikhathi sokuqoqa izithelo. Izithelo kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokukhululeka namagatsha ngokusonteka okukhanyayo.
Ngeshwa, i-plums ayigcinwanga isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyidla khona lapho, noma ukuyigcina. Ungase futhi ukhethe izithelo ngaphambili, ngenkathi zisenamandla futhi uziyeke zivuthwe endaweni epholile.
Kungcono ukugcina ama-plums esiqandisini ekushiseni kwe-0 ° C kanye nomswakama ongaba ngu-90-95%. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izithelo ngeke zoniwe amasonto angama-2-4.
Ijamu elimnandi noma ijeli lenziwa kusuka ku-plums. Zingabuye zifakwe iqhwa noma zomiswe (bese ama-prunes azophuma).
Izinhlobo ezinconyiwe
Ukusuka kuma-plums aseJapan, zama uSatsuma. Inikeza izithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu ezimnyama. Esihalangeni, amnandi kakhulu futhi afanelekela ukusetshenziswa okusha nokuwafaka.
Uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwamapulangwe aseYurophu nguStanley. Kuvamile ezifundeni zasempumalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Lesi sihlahla se-plum esizenzele asidingi impova futhi sinika izithelo eziphakathi nendawo, kepha zinambitheka kakhulu.
Kuma-nzalo aseMelika, u-Alderman noSuperior kufanele aqashelwe. Bahlanganisa ubungqabavu bama-plums aseJapan kanye namandla wezinhlobo zaseYurophu. Ilungele izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esiguqukayo.
