Isihlahla sezithelo zaseLychee (Litchi chinensis), esibizwa nangokuthi i-lychee yaseChina, siyilungu lomndeni wakwaSangena. Ibizwa nangokuthi izimpungushe, i-Chinese plum, i-liji noma i-lycis. Kunobufakazi obubhalwe phansi bokuthi lesi sitshalo esinjalo sasitshalwe eChina ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka B.C.E. Kuze kube manje, lesi sitshalo esitshalwa kuwo wonke amazwe aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. UJuan Gonzalez de Mendoza ubhale ukuthi lesi sithelo sifana ne-plum, asithwali isisu, futhi singadliwa nganoma yisiphi isamba, yingakho abiza isitshalo esinjalo ngokuthi "iplamu yaseChina". Isazi sezitshalo saseFrance uPierre Sonner, owahamba waya eChina naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, waletha leli siko eYurophu. Kwenzeka ngekhulu le-18.
Izithelo zaseLychee zidliwe emakheni noma emisha, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ijeli, u-ayisikhilimu kanye nezinye iziphuzo, futhi newayini laseShayina lendabuko nalo lilungisiwe kusuka kulo.
Izici uLychee
ILychee isihlahla esihlala sihlala njalo, sinomqhele osabalalisa. Umuthi onjalo, okhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ungafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10-30. Ukuqanjwa kwama-blade amaqabunga e-pinnate ayinkimbinkimbi kufaka kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-8 amaqabunga amaqabunga we-elvoated-ovoid noma i-lanceolate shape ene -exexex. Ingaphezulu lamapuleti liluhlaza okomnyama futhi licwebezelayo, futhi ongaphansi kwalo onsomi. Ama-inflorescence aluhlaza abumbeke njengama-umbrella afinyelela kubude obungamamitha ayi-0.7, aqukethe izimbali ezingenayo amacembe, futhi zinamakhomishi ophuzi ophuzi kuphela noma umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Ama-inflorescence afaka inani elikhulu lezimbali, kepha awekho ngaphezu kwama-15 amaqanda amaqanda akho onke akhula ezithelo, kuyilapho ezinye ezisele zife. Ubude bezithelo buhlanganiswa nesikhumba esibomvu, bungahluka kusuka kuma-25 kuye kwangama-40 mm, ngaphezulu kunezibonakaliso eziningi ezibukhali. Ngaphakathi kwezithelo kunepulpiti enjenge-jelly enombala okhanyayo nokunambitheka okumnandi, ishiya i-peel kalula futhi inokunambitheka kancane kwewayini. Maphakathi nezithelo kukhona ithambo elimnyama le-oval brown. Ama-lychees akhula ezindaweni ezishisayo, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuyabonakala ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni.
Ukukhula Kwamathambo
Ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo, i-lychee ibhekwa njengesitshalo esingaphandle; kulokhu, kunzima ukuthenga izithombo zesiko elinjalo epulangwe engadini. Kodwa-ke, ungazama ukukhulisa umuthi onjalo kusuka etsheni ezimweni zangaphakathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thenga isithelo esivuthiwe esinephunga elinamandla, uginindela we-juqu nesikhumba esibomvu. Ithambo kumele lisuswe epulpini, lisongwe nge-gauze noma ngomswakama oswakanyisiwe. Izinsuku eziyi-7, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-wrapper imanzi kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ithambo elivuvukala kumele lisuswe izicubu, emva kwalokho litshalwe ebhodweni, ezansi kwalo kukhona umgodi wokudonsa. Ngaphansi kwembiza, abaqalayo, udinga ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi odaka olwandisiwe, emva kwalokho lugcwele ingxube yenhlabathi yezimbali. Ukuze ujule ithambo emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba udinga ama-20 mm kuphela. Lapho utshala imbewu eminingana, amathuba okuvela kwesithombo akhuphuka kaningana. Lapho imbewu itshalwe, isendlalelo esisesitsheni kumele sikanyiswe ngamanzi afudumele. Imbewu kufanele imile ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-25 kuye kwangama-30, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iqiniseke ukuthi isitho esingaphansi esisebhodweni sihlala simanzi kancane. Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-30, kepha lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngemuva kokuba kukhululwe amapuleti okuqala ombala obomvu okhanyayo kwisithombo esivele, isitsha kufanele sakhiwe kabusha efasiteleni elinelanga, kanti lesi sitshalo kufanele sivikeleke elangeni eliqondile. Isitshalo sitshalwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana ngesikhathi kusungulwa amapuleti amaqabunga ama-4 noma ama-5. Ukuze izithombo zikhule ngendlela evamile, zizodinga amahora amade okukhanya kwelanga, okungenani amahora ayi-12. Ukushisa komoya egumbini egumbini unyaka wonke akumele kwehle ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-20.
Ukunakekelwa kweLychee ekhaya
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
ILychee iyisitshalo se-tropical hybrophilous, maqondana nalokhu, isihlahla esincanyana kufanele sithanyiswe ngamanzi abilisiwe noma angcolile avela ku-sprayer kabili ngosuku. Ukunisela isitshalo kufanele kube okulinganiselayo nokuhlelekile, ngoba lokhu udinga ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile noma axazululiwe izinsuku ezimbili, kuyilapho kufanele kube emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Abalimi abanolwazi balulekisa ukusebenzisa ukuthambisa okuphansi, ngoba lokhu udinga ukwengeza njalo amanzi epanini.
Nisela isihlahla ukuze singabi nokushoda noma ukuswela ngokweqile kohlelo lwezimpande. Kulokhu, igumbi kufanele libe nomswakama ophezulu.
Umanyolo
Ukondliwa kokuqala kwe-lychee kufanele kwenziwe izinyanga ezi-3 ngemuva kokuvela kwesithombo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukondliwa kumiswa kuze kube yilapho umuthi okungenani uneminyaka eyi-1. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-1 noma ezi-2 emavikini ama-4, lokhu kutholakala nesixazululo samanyolo wamaminerali amaminerali ekuhlolweni okusesilinganisweni. Futhi, ama-organic fertilizer angasetshenziselwa ukondla i-lychee, ngokwesibonelo, isisombululo se-mullein (1:15) sifanelwe kahle. Ngenxa yokugqoka okuphezulu, ukwakheka kwama-buds kuthuthukisa, futhi isihlahla sibuye sikhuthazwe ukuthela izithelo.
Izihlahla
Isitshalo esinjalo sikhula kancane, ngakho-ke udinga ukusisika kakhulu. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, udinga ukubandakanyeka ekwakhekeni komqhele wesitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ifomu lidinga ukunakekelwa kuphela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu sinqamulelayo ngokweqile ngeziqu ezinde. Uma isikhathi esiningi sesidlulile, futhi kusenezithelo emthini, khona-ke akufanele ukhathazeke, ngoba kuyafana, isihlahla esingaxakile kangako siyivelakancane.
Izifo
ILychee iyamelana ngokuphelele nezifo. Umuthi ungagula kuphela uma unganakekelwa kahle. Uma unisela ihlathi kakhulu, khona-ke ukubola kungavela ohlelweni lwezimpande. Uma lesi sitshalo singenawo amanzi anele, khona-ke siyoba yisidina bese siqala ukuba buthaka. Ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-lychee, ungakuvikela kuzo zonke izifo.
Izinambuzane
Lesi siko sibuye simelane kakhulu nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, izimbuzane zesicabucabu, imhlophe, izimpungushe, ama-aphid, ama-spips, noma izinambuzane ezikala ngezinyawo zinganqamula esihlahleni zivela kwezinye izimbali zasendlini. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuhlola okuhleliwe okusobala, uma izinambuzane noma izimpawu zokuhlala kwazo zibonakala kuso, bese uzama ukuqhubeka ngokubhujiswa kwazo ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lesi sitshalo esithintekile kufanele sifafazwe nge-acaricide noma ngezinambuzane, kuyilapho isixazululo kufanele silungiselelwe ngokuya ngemiyalo esephaketheni.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-lychee
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-lychee zazalwelwa inani elikhulu, kodwa, isitshalo esinjalo sisakazeke kuphela e-Asia. Izilimo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:
- Ukulengiswa okuluhlaza. Lesi sihlahla simbozwe amaqabunga amaqabunga wombala oluhlaza okotshani. Phezu kwesithelo kukhona imvuthuluka eluhlaza ecwebezelayo. Izithelo zihlala zintsha futhi zingalahli ukunambitheka kwazo yize kungezinsuku ezintathu ngemuva kokususwa kwe-peel kuzo.
- Amabhola erayisi anamathela. Inyama eminyene yezithelo ezinjalo inambitheka kamnandi uju. Zimbozwe nge-peel ebomvu, lapho kungekho khona amashubhu. Ithambo kuzithelo ezinjalo lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo noma alikho nhlobo.
- Usomanthus omnandi. Izithelo ezimnandi zinokunambitheka kwe-osmanthus. Zimbozwe ngethanga elinamandla kakhulu lombala obomvu ocebile.
- Green yatu. Ekhasini lesithelo kukhona ucezwana wombala oluhlaza okotshani.
- Ishidi elimnyama. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene sekuvuthiwe kwasekuqaleni. Izithelo zinamanzi, zimbozwe ngethanga elikhipha ujusi, olufana noyinki obomvu.
- Kwangathi kubomvu. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuqala. Ukuvunwa kwezithelo sekuvele ngoMeyi.
- Amamatheke uConcineine. Le nhlobonhlobo indala kakhulu futhi isheshe yavuthwa. Izithelo nekhasi abambozwe ngalo zinikeza ujusi obomvu.
Izakhiwo zeLychee zezithelo: ukulimaza nezinzuzo
Izici eziwusizo
Ukwakhiwa kwezithelo ze-lychee kufaka izinto eziningi ezilusizo emzimbeni womuntu, isibonelo: amavithamini E, K, C, H, PP kanye neqembu B (B1, B3, B6), i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-phosphorus, iodine, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium, i-iron, i-calcium, i-potassium, ama-pectin nama-organic acid. Emithini esempumalanga, basebenzisa lezo zithelo ukuze baguqule amazinga kashukela ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, bathuthukise umsebenzi wesibindi, izinso namaphaphu, futhi bayasiza ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni i-atherossteosis. Ngezifo zenhliziyo, kuyanconywa nokuthi kudliwe i-lychee, ngoba uginindela uqukethe i-potassium. Zilusizo kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa nge-cholesterol ephezulu egazini, nge-anemia, ngokuphazamiseka kwamathumbu nezifo zamanyikwe. Emuthinini wamaHindu, izithelo ezinjalo zibhekwa njenge-aphrodisiac, ezithuthukisa amandla owesilisa nowokuya ocansini.
Contraindication
Izithelo zaseLychee zidalulwe kuphela kulabo abangabekezelelani. Azikho ezinye izindlela zokwephulwa kwezithelo ezinjalo. Kodwa-ke, izithelo ezi-stale ezinesikhumba esinezikhumba ezimnyama azikwazi ukudliwa ngoba zingadala ukukhubazeka kwamathumbu emathunjini.
