Izifo zamakhukhamba nokwelashwa kwazo

Ukuze ukhule isivuno esinothile samakhukhamba, kuyadingeka ukwazi hhayi kuphela izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi sitshalo, kodwa nezifo ezingadala ukulimala okungahambeki kulesi sitshalo futhi zichithe sonke isivuno.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zesifo Sikhukhamba

Izifo ezithinta umvini wamakhukhamba emazingeni ehlukene wesikhathi sokukhula kwawo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu.

1. Izifo zokukhunta.
2. Izifo zegciwane.
3. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Izifo zokukhunta zamakhukhamba

Isifo esijwayelekile sokudla kwamakhukhamba yi-powdery hlobo. Isizathu sokubonakala kwayo emaqabungeni izinguquko ezibukhali ekushiseni kwezinga lokushisa, ukweqile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini noma ukushoda kwe-potassium. Izitshalo ezigulayo zimbozwe nge-powder emhlophe, ngemuva ngemuva kokukhula bese kancane kancane zomile.

I-Powdery mildew noma i-peronosporosis yenzeka ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu, lapho iniselwa ngamanzi abandayo, kwehla kakhulu okushisa. Okokuqala, kuvela amabala ansundu emaqabungeni, athi awume emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Izinhlobo zesikhunta zihlala ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Zithwalwa ngumoya nezinambuzane ziye ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane. Lesi sifo sivela ezinsalela zezitshalo noma imbewu ezitheleleke nge-fungus mycelium. Lesi sifo sicasulwa ngumswakama ophezulu kanye nokunisela okubandayo, kanye nezinguquko ezingazelelwe emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nobusuku. Iyabonakala ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Ezikhungweni eziyingozi zokukhunta zamakhukhamba, ukubola okumhlophe, ukubala izihlahla zomnqumo, ukubola kwezimpande nakho kufanele kubhalwe.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Izimpawu eziphambili ze-bacterial wilt (pathogen - Erwinia tracheiphila) yile:

• ukufisa okubukhali kwesitshalo;
• ukubonakala kwesiga esimhlophe esinamathelayo (esifana namathe), esitheke esiqwini;
• ukubona amabala nokuqothuka.

Leli gciwane lihlala ezinsaleni zesiqu kuze kube unyaka olandelayo. Uma izimpawu zokufakelwa amagciwane zibonwa, khona-ke zonke izigaxa ezomile kumele zishiswe. Ukutshala imifino kule ndawo kuqinisekiswe iminyaka engu-5-6. Imbewu eqoqwe ezitshalweni ezinjalo nayo iyizithwali zesifo.

I-ejenti yokubangela okubolile okumanzi yi-bacterium Pseudomonas burgeri Pot. Umthombo wokutheleleka yinzalo ezingatheleleki, ezinegciwane. Imvamisa lesi sifo sihamba kancane futhi siqala ukuthuthuka kuphela ngokushisa komoya. Abaniniyo bakhala ngezinhlobo ezimbi noma imbewu esanda kuvunwa, ngoba ukushoda kwezitshalo kwalesi sifo kungaba ngama-40%.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokubola okumanzi:

• ukukhula kancane kwamahlumela;
• ukubuna nokwomile kwamaqabunga aphansi;
• inani elikhulu lezimbali eziyinyumba;
• ukwakheka kwezithelo kubi;
• ulwelwesi olunamanzi lwe-fetus kanye namabala wamafutha emaqabungeni;
• ukulahleka okusheshayo kwe-turgor ekudleni kwasemini;
• ukuthambisa iziqu kanye nokuxubha kwemithambo yegazi;
• mass brown ngaphakathi uginindela ikhukhamba.

Izifo zamakhukhamba zisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu kumswakama ophezulu. Izitshalo ezigcina ukushisa zihlushwa kakhulu yileli gciwane.

Ukugquma kwamaqabunga kungadala ukufa kwamakhukhamba ngesikhathi esifushane futhi kubhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke, njengoba kusheshe kudluliselwe kwesinye isitshalo kuye kwesinye. Ukutheleleka kusatshalaliswa komoya, amaconsi amanzi, izinambuzane kanye nembewu ethelelekile. Lesi sifo sibonisa ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezinsundu emaqabungeni nasezithelo, ezomisa izicubu izinsuku eziningana. Amagciwane ayanda ngokushesha kakhulu esimweni sezulu esifudumele nesomswakama.

Lapho ihlushwa i-bacteri bacteriosis, izithelo zilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo kanye nokuzithengisa. Azikufanele ukudla, njengoba ziba izinkuni. Ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngembewu ethelelekile kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo.

Ikhukhamba izifo viral

Kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ukhukhamba, ushintsho kumbala weqabunga lukhona. Kuvela izithombo kuso esifana ne-mosaic, kanti iqabunga lehlamvu ngokwalo lisonteka nemibimbi. Zonke izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zidluliselwa ngembewu noma zithwelwe yizilokazane. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu iyanconywa ukuba ifudunyezwe emazingeni okushisa angama-+70 degrees izinsuku ezintathu.

I-Cucumber mosaic ivela ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 ngemuva kokutshala emaqabunga amancane. Iphuzi elinamabala lisekeshidi, likhubazekile. Uma ungaqali ukulwa nalesi sifo, khona-ke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa izithelo zizongenwa yileli gciwane. Ohamba naye ikhukhamba mosaic yi-aphid.

I-mosaic emhlophe kumakhukhamba ivela ngesimo samabala amhlophe aphuzi-izinkanyezi. Imvamisa iqabunga lonke liphenduka libe mhlophe, futhi izithelo zidwetshwe ngomucu omhlophe. Ungasulela isitshalo ngegciwane le-mosaic emhlophe kuphela ngokuxhumana nangembewu.

I-mosaic eluhlaza ingadidaniswa nohlobo olujwayelekile lwegciwane likhunta, kepha ithinta kuphela amaqabunga amancane. Ama-Bubble ukukhula, i-mosaic yellowing, imibimbi ivela kubo. Izitshalo zikhula kabi, lo owomile we-ovary kanye nokuqhekeka.

Ungabhekana kanjani nezifo zokukhunta zamakhukhamba?

Impi ephumelela kakhulu yokulwa nalesi sifo ukungabikho kwalesi sifo. Izindlela zokuvimbela izosiza ukufeza lo mphumela. Yini okudingeka ngiyenze?

• Bheka ukujikeleza kwezitshalo.
• Namathela kokunisela njalo ngamanzi afudumele.
• Khulula inhlabathi.

Empini yokulwa nezifo zokukhunta, ukufafaza ukhukhamba ngokufakwa kwe-mullein, i-marigold izibonakalise kahle.
Uma ungenwe yi-Powdery hlobo, izidakamizwa ezifana ne- "Topaz", "Kvdris" zisiza ngokuphelele. "Oksikhom".

Uma izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zibonwa nge-Downy hlobo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukufaka umanyolo ngamanyolo wezimbiwa bese ufafaza izitshalo ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate, i-tincture ye-Whey. Esigabeni esibuhlungu, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-HOM, Kuprosat, Ridomil Gold, usizo lwePolycarbacin. Le mishanguzo inomphumela omuhle kakhulu ekulweni nezimpande nokubola okumhlophe, ukubala komnqumo.

Izindlela zokulwa ne-bacteriosis isifo samakhukhamba

Izifo ezingamagciwane yizo ezivame kakhulu futhi wonke umqadi wegadi udinga ukwazi imithetho esemqoka yokuvikela izitshalo kumagciwane aleli qembu. Umsebenzi wokuvimbela ukuvumela ukuthi uvikele izitshalo ezisencane ekuqaleni kwesitshalo sazo.

• Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi kwelegciwane elibuhlungu.
• Ukubulala amagciwane imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala (cwilisa amahora ayi-12 kwekhambi elimnyama le-potanganum permanganate).
• Ukhula njalo wokhula nokususwa kwezinsalela zawo emibhedeni.
• Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, okuyizithwali zokutheleleka.
• Ukunisela okufanele kwezitshalo ngamanzi afudumele, axazululiwe: udinga ukuthulula amanzi emiseleni, hhayi ngaphansi kwempande yesitshalo.
• Ukufafaza ukhukhamba ezinambuzaneni.
• Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo: ukubuyisela ukhukhamba endaweni yazo iminyaka emine kuphela ngemuva kokugaya.
• Ku-greenhouse, ukubukeka kwezifo ezingamagciwane kuhlobene ngqo nokwakheka kwe-condensate. Ukugwema inani elikhulu lokufuma komswakama, ngesikhathi sokushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukushisa kwegumbi ebusuku.

Futhi uma wehlulekile ukuvikela izitshalo ekuthelelekeni? Ungawacubungula kanjani ukhukhamba ezifweni ukuze ulondoloze isivuno? Ukulungiselela okuqukethe i-Copper kuzosiza: Kuproksat, ingxube yeBordeaux. Ukucutshungulwa kumele kwenziwe kabili, ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12.

Lwa nezinhlobo ze-mosaic mosaic

Indlela engcono yokubhekana ne-viral mosaic ukuvimbela.

• Cwilisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kuma-disinfectants noma uzifudumele ngokushisa kwama-degrees angama-70.
• Ukucekela phansi konke ukungcola kwezitshalo engadini ngemuva kokuvunwa.
• Fight ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane.
• Khubaza izinto ezidliwayo.
• Thela amanzi afudumele emiseleni.
• Bopha izitshalo ukusekela.
• Gada ikhwalithi yenhlabathi.
• Lahla izitshalo ezinesifo.

Le mithetho izosiza ekugwemeni ukutheleleka nge-viral mosaic, kepha uma isitshalo sigula, ungabe usaphendukela kumakhemikhali ngokushesha. Ama-tincture avela ku-anyanisi, i-dandelion, ugwayi, isikali segalikhi azosiza ukubhekana nenkinga.

Ukwazi kahle ukuthi yiliphi igciwane ohlangabezana nalo, udinga usizo lukadokotela wezolimo. Ungasebenzisa i-Intanethi noma izincwadi ezikhulayo zemifino, ezibonisa izifo zamakhukhamba ezithombeni futhi uchaze nezimpawu zokubonisa uhlobo ngalunye lokutheleleka nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.