Ithanga isitshalo semifino enezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu ezaziwa ngabalimi bethu. Isithelo selanga, esibizwa ngethanga, sifike eRussia muva nje. IMexico ibhekwa njengendawo okwazalelwa kuyo amathanga, izwe elinothile ezinsukwini ezinelanga, ezishisayo. Ngaphansi kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili, isiko lemifino lithathe indawo yalo efanele etafuleni le-gourmet hhayi ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu yeRussia kuphela. Izifunda ezingaphezu kwe-43 zeRussian Federation zibandakanyeka ekutshalweni kwezimboni ngamathanga. Akuvamile ukuba kube nekotishi lapho izihlahla ezi-1-3 zalesi sitshalo semifino esingekhe zikhule endaweni evundile enelanga. Kepha kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi endaweni ithanga likhule ngempumelelo, futhi endaweni yakho kukhula isisindo sawo kuphela esikhulayo. Isitshalo sethanga asakheki noma izithelo ezincane ezimbi nama-ovari zibola emvinini. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kufanele unake:
- kwizimpawu zokuphila zesiko,
- Izidingo zamasiko zomhlabathi nezimo zezulu,
- ukuhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe obukhulayo.
Ithanga
Izizathu zokuntuleka kwethanga le-ovary
Ithanga, lenza isisindo esikhulu sasemoyeni nezithelo ezinkulu, lidinga inhlabathi evundile ecebile ngo-humus ngokuqina okuhle kwamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunhlabathi enamafutha nangesikhathi sokudla ngokweqile, ithanga lenza isisindo esinamafutha esiningi kulimaze ukwakheka kwezithelo zalo. Imivimbo emide kakhulu namaqabunga amakhulu kuthatha izakhamzimba eziningi, isithunzi sesisindo semifino egcwele kakhulu siminyene kangangokuba ama-ovari aswele ilanga. Kungcono ukunikela izindawo lapho umanyolo wangaphambilini we-1-2 womquba, ikakhulukazi umanyolo we-organic, ungavunyelwe.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ithanga elinokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba lakha izimpande ezengeziwe ngemivimbo. Uma ithanga engadini litshalwe emhlabathini ophelile (amaqabunga anombala okhanyayo, amaqabunga anohlamvu oluncane), kungasebenza ukufafaza iziswebhu ngenhlabathi: isitshalo sakha izimpande ezingeziwe futhi sizobuyisela ngokuzimele esimeni saso sokudla okunempilo.
Ithanga alikwazi ukumela isithunzi. Ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko, idinga izikhala ezivulekile elangeni, ezingena umoya, kepha ngaphandle komoya olimaza amaqabunga. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, ithanga lenza impova engagoli. Uma amanzi egcwala i-pestle, impova ngeke yenzeke.
Ithanga libhekisela ezilwaneni zezinambuzane ezithutha impova. Isici semvelo sethanga yisidingo sokungcoliswa kwembali yowesifazane izinsuku ezingama-1-2. Uma impova ayenzekanga (kubanda, kumanzi, isimo sezulu esishisayo, ukuntuleka kwama-pollinators, njll.), Ukubola kwesibeletho bese kuqubuka. Kungcono uma impova yenzeka ngosuku lokuqala lokuvulwa kwembali yowesifazane.
Uma impova enesici isidlulile, izithelo ezimbi zingakheka ethangeni, ezisusa izakhamzimba kwimivimbo evuthiwe nezithelo. Izithelo ezinjalo kufanele zisuswe. Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwabo, kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuhluma kanye nokuqala kokuqhakaza kwamathanga kuyekelele amahlamvu aminyene kakhulu futhi kunikeze ukufinyelela kwezimbali zabathutha impova nelanga. Amaqabunga asuswa ngokucophelela nama-secateurs, awakhumuli futhi ungahlukani. Emiphungeni akushiqi amaqanda ama-1-3.
Ithanga ngeke lenze ama-ovari uma, ngesikhathi sokutshala, izithombo zonakalise izimpande futhi ukubola kwazo kwaqala. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthenga izithombo kumabhodwe we-peat futhi ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande lapho udlulisela kwizimbobo ezivulekile.
Ithanga alikubekezeleli umanyolo weNitrogen lapho isimo sezulu singafudumele ngokwanele. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokushisa okungenani + 13 ... + 15 ° C. Ngokuphakelwa kwasekuqaleni ngamanyolo e-nitrogen, amasiko anciphisa ukumelana emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ayagula.
Amathanga
Ungasenza kanjani isithelo sethanga?
Uma, ngenkathi ugcwalisa zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical, akunawo amaqanda kuma ithanga, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kumele zithathwe:
Akufanele utshale ithanga ezweni eliphansi lapho isimo sezulu esibandayo sihlala khona isikhathi eside, futhi inhlabathi ayifudumele ngokwanele. Kulokhu, ungalungisa umbhede ofudumele ekwindla, nangamanzi asondelene komhlaba - umbhede ophakeme. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele kwenziwe ekushiseni okuzinzile komoya + 15- ... + 18 ° С nenhlabathi - ngaphakathi + 14 ... + 16 ° С. Ithanga libekezelela kalula ukushisa + 25 ... + 30 ° С. Izothela izithelo emthunzini kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhanya kwelanga nezinsuku ezishisayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zenhlabathi ezingafanele, abanye abalimi bacebisa ukutshala ithanga emgqonyeni otshaliwe ogcwaliswe isakhi esingaphansi sekhwalithi ephezulu. Kulokhu, uhlelo lwezimpande, oluhlukaniswe nenhlabathi esindayo, ebandayo, nephansi, luzonikeza lesi sitshalo izimo zenhlabathi ezidingekayo.
Yakha inqwaba enkulu engaphezulu komhlaba, ithanga alikubekezeleli ukuqina. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhlwanyelwa imbewu engu-2 ..., ngemuva kwezithombo, imbewu enamandla kakhulu ivame ukushiywa, bese enye isuswa ngama-secateurs eduze nomhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuba impova isiqediwe, esigabeni samathanga akhulayo, imvamisa aqala inqubo yokuthena izihlahla. Ungashiyi imivimbo engaphezu kwe-3 ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zamathanga amakhulu ezinama-1-2 ama-ovari ngokuqhuma ngakunye. Zonke ezinye ziyasuswa. Emivunwini yezithelo yethanga, amaqabunga angama-4-5 asele ngemuva kwe-ovary yokugcina. Cindezela okusele. Ezinhlobonhlobo zamthanga ezinamaphaphu amancane noma amancane, imivimbo engu-engenalutho egelezayo ngokuvamile isuswa (tentatively, ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti). Ekuqothulweni kwethanga ngalinye, akusekho amaqabunga angaphezu kuka-3 kuya ku-4 asele ngemuva kwesithelo sokugcina.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamathanga entweni: Ukwakhiwa kukhukhamba, i-zucchini kanye nethanga. Ukuphina.
Ithanga lisiko elinemifanekiso futhi lidinga ukukhanyiswa okufanele. Kusukela ekubukekeni kwezithombo kuya emaqabungeni eqiniso angama-4-5, okungenani amahora angama-9 kuya kwezi-10 zokukhanya okugcwele nsuku zonke kuyadingeka, okuzoba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezimbali zesifazane.
Ngokuqala kwe-efihlekile nezimbali, amahora okukhanya kosuku kufanele aqhubeke okungenani amahora ayi-10-12. Uma, ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezinhle, kungekho fomu lamaqanda, khona-ke udinga ukunaka izinto zokutshala. Ngokutshala, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlotshisiwe ezijwayele isimo sezulu sendawo kanye nokubusa okukhanyayo.
Ukunxephezela ukungcoliswa okumpofu okuhambisana nezimo zezulu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukucolisiswa kwamathanga. Mboza izimbali ezivulwe kancane kusuka kumswakama. Ukugcona kwepestle kufanele komile. Izimbali zamathanga owesilisa ziyaqhakaza ngaphambi kowesifazane. Ngaphambi kokuvunda, ukuqoqa izimbali zesilisa, susa i-corolla. Ngakusasa ekuseni noma ngosuku olufanayo ngemuva kwesidlo sasemini (ngokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu), susa izikhwama ezimbali zezintokazi bese unamathisela ama-anthers ezinhlwini ezivulekile zamaphampu.
Usuku ngemuva kokuzingcolisa, ungafafaza ithanga ngama-Zavyaz, uBud, uGibberellin nabanye. Ama-ovary ama-ovary akhula ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, lapho wenza impova, khetha isimo sezulu ngokushisa kwasebusuku okungenani + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Lokhushisa kulula ukufeza lapho kukhula amathanga ezifundeni ezipholile emibhedeni efudumele.
Ithanga
Ithanga impela alikubekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi liyafa ngo-1 ... -3 ° C. Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokwakheka kwezithelo, isimo sezulu esomile esinekushisa komoya esingu + 20 ... + 28 ° C siyadingeka. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukukhula kwemivimbo yethanga kunciphisa, izifo ziqale, ukuqhakaza kanye nokwakheka kwe-ovary kuyehla. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni ezinesiphethu esipholile, eside, izitshalo ezincane zamathanga zikhula ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esishisayo ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana.
Imivimbo ekhulayo yamathanga isikwa futhi icwecwe, ibekwe ukuze ubuso beqabunga buvulekele ngangokunokwenzeka elangeni. Ukhula lubhujiswa wukukhula komhlaba (ngenkathi kukhona isikhala esivulekile) bese mulch inhlabathi emva kokunisela. Kungcono kunisela ithanga eceleni kwemisele ngaphansi kwempande. Ngakho-ke amaqabunga alimala kancane, futhi nezithelo ziyanda.
Bafundi abathandekayo, ngithemba ukuthi amathiphu azokusiza ngempumelelo ukukhulisa isivuno "amajikijolo elanga". Ngemininingwane eminingi nge-agrotechnics yethanga (ukutshala, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukuchelela), izakhiwo zayo zokwelapha, indlela ye-seedling yokukhula, ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, ekuhlanzeni nasekugcinweni, bheka isihloko esithi "Ithanga yi-berry enelanga. Ukutshala, ukunakekela, izinhlobo".
