Ukhula luyinkinga yaphakade yabo bonke abalimi. Futhi yize yonke into emvelweni inengqondo futhi inengqondo, ngeke sikwazi ukuvumelana nokuphila kwayo esizeni sethu - zivimbela izitshalo zamasiko ukuba ziphile. Ngakho-ke, sinikela isabelo sebhubesi labasebenzi kanye nesikhathi ezweni ukuphatha ukhula. Mhlawumbe lo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu futhi ongathandeki ngokomzimba okufanele wenziwe emibhedeni noma engadini. Kepha ingabe kuyadingeka ngempela? Le ndatshana izobheka izindlela zendabuko nezokulawula ukhula. Iyiphi indlela engcono? Futhi ingabe kuyadingeka ngempela yini ukufezekisa inhlanzeko oyinyumba endaweni?
Izitshalo eziwusizo ezikhule zingasebenzi zibizwa ngokuthi ukhula.Okuqukethwe
- Mayelana nokhula nokhula
- Izindlela zokulawula ukhula lwendabuko
- Izindlela Zokulawula Ukhula ze-Organic
- Ukulwa noma ukuhambisana?
Mayelana nokhula nokhula
Kunzima ukuchaza kahle ukuthi ukhula luyini. Sisetshenziselwa ukubiza zonke izitshalo ezikhule ngaphandle kwendawo. Futhi nomquba oluhlaza owedlule wangonyaka owedlule, ukhula ngokunqumela embhedeni oseduze kweparsley noma isaladi, kulo nyaka sibona ukhula. Ama-raspberries, akhuphuka lapho angabuzi khona, nakho kukhula? Kubukeka njengesitshalo esitshaliwe, kodwa ngokuziqhenya kangangokuba endaweni engafanele ukuyikhipha kunobunzima kunotshani kakolweni. Izinhlobo zamasiko eziphuma esizeni ngaphandle kwesibusiso sethu, kuyisiko ukubiza ukhula.
Kepha yini ebhekwa njengokhula lwakudala? Njengomthetho, leli qembu lezitshalo lifaka izinhlobo ezikhula zasendle ezihlukaniswa amandla alo akhethekile nobudlova ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezintsha. Amandla abo anikezwa yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukhula lunomona ovundile - bakha imbewu eningi;
- Imbewu yabo inesibindi esikhulu kakhulu - igcina ukusebenza, ihlale emhlabathini iminyaka eminingana;
- Kusatshalaliswa zizo zonke izindlela ezingakhona, kufaka phakathi okuphathekayo.
Ngeshwa, izitshalo ezitshaliwe azinakho ngisho nokweshumi kokusebenza kokhula. Ukuwashiya akhulele ndawonye kusho ukuthembela emseni wokhula, okuyiwona, ongeke ushiye izilwane zethu ezifuywayo noma yiliphi ithuba. Ngakho-ke, "impi engcwele" yabalimi abanokhula ayinasiphelo, ayinasiphelo. Futhi ukunqoba kwabalimi kuyo kuhlala kungokwesikhashana.
Izindlela zokulawula ukhula lwendabuko
"Impi eNgcwele" - lokhu kuvela emlandweni wabalandeli bezindlela zendabuko zobuchwepheshe bezolimo ekulweni nokhula nokhula. Lezi zindlela bezingashintshiwe amashumi amaningi eminyaka bese zibilisela okulandelayo:
- Ukumba;
- Ukhula;
- Ukucheba ingxenye esemhlabathini yokhula, okuholela ekuvinjelweni ukukhula kwezimpande;
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi.
Gaya - ungaboli
Kunezimpikiswano ezivuthayo phakathi kwabaxhasi bezolimo lwendalo kanye nokulima kwendabuko ngezinzuzo nokulimazeka kokumba ingadi njalo. Isimangalo sokuqala sokuthi, okokuqala, silukhuni kakhulu ngokomzimba, kanti okwesibili, sephula ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, okungabe sekubuyiselwa kuphela ngokufaka umquba njalo nokukhulula, okuyinto, empeleni, eyenziwa izakhamizi zasehlobo ngokulima ingadi entwasahlobo.
Abalandeli bokulima i-organic banikela ngezindlela zabo zokulawula ukhula, kuqedwe umsebenzi onzima wefosholo, sizokhuluma ngabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kepha zonke lezi zindlela azisebenzi lapho kukhulunywa ngomhlabathi wobuntombi, obekuphele iminyaka kungekho lutho olukhula kulo, ngaphandle kwe-seedgrass, amadombolo kanye nezimbabazane. Ingqimba ephezulu yomhlaba, ehlanganisa izimpande zokhula iyodwa, ngeke ithathe noma yimuphi umsiki wendiza. Inketho engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisa ekumba imigodi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukuvela kwe-rhizome ezingxenyeni eziningi, ngenxa yalokho ukhula lusakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu.
Enye indlela yesimanjemanje yokususa ukhula umsebenzi wogandaganda, umgandaganda wokuhamba ngemuva. Inqubo enjalo inciphisa kakhulu izindleko zomuntu osebenza engadini (akumelwe ushaye ifosholo!), Kepha iyinkambiso inqubo yokuqoqa izimpande zokhula kaningana.
Zonke izimpande, noma ngabe yikuphi, awukayikukhetha, ngakho-ke inkathi yehlobo enompheki wokutshala inikezwe wena. Futhi kubahlali abaningi ehlobo lesikhala sangemva kweSoviet akukho lutho olukhethekile ngalokhu. Labo abangakwazi noma abangafuni ukuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokunciphisa, bakhula ukhula, baphendukele kwenye indlela yezolimo yendabuko - ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicides.
INettle - ukhula olunesihluku futhi isitshalo esiwusizo kakhuluAma-herbicides kuma-herbicides - discord!
Izinto ezingokoqobo zesimanje zinkulu kangangokuba sisebenzisa imikhiqizo yomkhakha wamakhemikhali ngehora, uma kungenjalo umzuzwana, singacabangi ngakho. Kepha uma kukhulunywa ngemithi yokubulala ukhula, iningi lalabo abathanda izindlela zemvelo, njengabantu abangakhuli lutho kodwa badle nje, bazothi "kubi njengokubi".
Kepha uma ubheka, khona-ke lokhu "kwesabeka" akukubi kangako, futhi abantu abathi lokhu abakwazi ukukhumbula igama lanoma iyiphi i-herbicides yesimanje. Iningi “lezemvelo” kanye nabantu abagqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo nemifino “emsulwa” abafuni ukwazi ukuthi ama-herbicides anamuhla awafani nhlobo nawasetshenziswa eminyakeni engama-20-30 edlule. Iningi lezidakamizwa ezindala selinqanyuliwe, futhi ama-herbicides amasha asezingeni eliphakeme ezandleni ezinamakhono nemithamo efanele ayilimazi imvelo noma ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ekhulile. Futhi ukuba neqiniso, noma imiphi imishini yokuwasebenzisa esiyisebenzisayo nsuku zonke ilimaza imvelo.
Ngokwengqungquthela, wonke ama-herbicides anamuhla angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: lawo asetshenziselwa inhlabathi, futhi, njengoba edonswa ezimpandeni zezitshalo, acindezela ukukhula kokhula, kancane kancane awabhubhise, kanye nalawo afafazwa ngqo enhlanganiseni eluhlaza yokhula afike ezimpandeni ngamaqabunga.
Ezangaphambili zinolaka olwengeziwe, futhi ngisho nabakhiqizi ngokwazo ngokuvamile abazincomi. Okokuqala, zivame ukuphikelela emhlabeni izinyanga ezimbalwa, okusho ukuthi nazo zingathonya izitshalo ezitshaliwe ezikhule kuwo. Okwesibili, uma uwusebenzisa unyaka nonyaka, umhlaba lapho, ekugcineni, uzoyeka "ukuwugaya" futhi ungabe usakwazi ukuthola izitshalo eziningi ezitshaliwe.
Iqembu lesibili lama-herbicides asebenza ngamaqabunga ezimpandeni zokhula lithakazelisa kakhulu. Kanye emvelweni, ama-herbicides anjalo abhujiswa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kokuthinta kakhulu isimo somhlabathi noma izitshalo ezitshaliwe ezikhula eduze nokhula.
Kuyiqiniso, ukusebenzisa i-herbicides, njenganoma iyiphi enye i-chemistry, udinga ukunakekela ngokucophelela, ukunamathela ngokuqinile kwizincomo zabakhiqizi ngokuqondene nomthamo. Uma ungakwenza ngaphandle kwabo, kwenze, kepha kwezinye izimo zimane nje ngeke zikwazi ukubakhona, ngokwesibonelo, uma udinga ukulungisa ingadi elahliwe ngamamitha skwele angamakhulu ambalwa ngosizini olulodwa.
Izindlela Zokulawula Ukhula ze-Organic
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokhula ne-Classics esebenza ngokulawula ukhula ukuthi izindlela zokulima ezi-organic zenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukuqubuka, okungukuthi, ukuvimbela ukhula hhayi ukukususa ngokushesha, njengoba kuyisiko kwezolimo lwendabuko.
Ungalwa kanjani “ukulwa” nokhula kulimo lwezinto eziphilayo?
Zombili izinto zokwakha zemvelo nezokwenziwa zingasetshenziswa njenge-mulch.
I-Mulch
Izinto eziningi zemvelo zingasetshenziswa njenge-mulch: utshani obunjiwe, kufaka phakathi ukhula, umdwebi wezihlahla, amagxolo esihlahla, izinaliti, njll. Amathuluzi aphathekayo nawo afanelekile: i-ruberoid, i-slate, i-polyethylene, njll. (kodwa lapha futhi kuphakama umbuzo wokuthi "imvelo"). Njengoba sesimboze imboza yezimbali ngesakhiwo esithile somhlaba, lapho kuphela isizini, kungokoqobo ukuqeda ukhula lonyaka olukhona lapho. Utshani bengqoloyi kanye nezinye izithombo zezihlahla zesithombo semvelo Kepha ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa, badonswa kalula emhlabathini ngesandla.
Sebenzisa i-mulch kungabizwa ngokuthi yisisombululo esifanele nesiphephe kunazo zonke. Uma kungenjalo izimbungulu ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, uma usebenzisa i-organis mulch ukubulala ukhula, kubalulekile ukuthi ungqimba lwayo okungenani lube ngu-10 cm. Cabanga ukuthi mangaki sawdust okudingeka ulethe esizeni ukuze mulch okungenani izingxenye ezingamakhulu amabili zenhlabathi? Futhi uma sikhuluma ngehektha?
Okwesibili, izinambuzane azideleli ngaphansi kwe-semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla, okuyinto ngaphambi kokusebenzisa azange zikhathaze wena - ama-slgs, amagundane, iminenke ... Futhi ukuziqeda ngezindlela zemvelo (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali) kunzima kakhulu kunokhula.
Indlela yokufaka
"Izazi zemvelo" zithi ukhula lungavela kuphela lapho "umhlaba" uhamba khona. Futhi kuyiqiniso - umhlaba omncane ongenalutho, ukhula oluncane. Ungafuni ukulwa njalo nokhula, ungashiyi indawo engenalutho! Ngokwengxenye le nkinga ixazululwa yi-mulch noma ukuhlwanyelwa kwama-siderates emugqeni-spacings, kanye - nezitshalo ezintsha (umbhede wakhishwa ngaphansi kwe-anyanisi - kwakukhona imbewu egayiwe lapho kwakhiwa isiderata noma imifino ekhula ngokushesha). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubeka umhlaba ohlangene kungasiza. Uma usondela ngokufanele kulolu daba, ukhula ngeke nje lube khona lapho lungakhula khona.
Solarization
Indlela ukhula olufa ngayo ngaphansi kwefilimu ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga. Kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Ukucheba
Le ndlela isetshenziswa yonke indawo kubuchwepheshe bezolimo bendabuko, naku-organic. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, akuwona wonke ukhula ongalungiswa, kepha kuphela ezindaweni lapho izitshalo zezitshalo zinokungabibikho okuningana, okungukuthi, kuzitshe ezingafakwanga. Enye inkinga ukuthi ukhula oluthile ngemuva kokusika izingxenye zomoya lusakazeka ngokwengeziwe nge-rhizome, ngokwesibonelo, izigwaca zaseSiberia.
Okwesithathu, le ndlela iyasebenza ngempela, kodwa kancane kakhulu. Uma phakathi nenkathi okungenani izikhathi ezine kuya kwezihlanu ukhula lugawulwa endaweni ethile (i-chickweed, ukolweni kakolweni, sedge, i-nettle, njll.), Ukuvimba lezi zitshalo ekwakheni imbewu, khona-ke, le ndawo izogcina isiphenduka into engabukeki kangako utshani. Kuphela, ngeshwa, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke kungekudala, noma kunalokho, eminyakeni emithathu noma emine. Iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine yokucheba okujwayelekile - futhi utshani bakho "obunamandla" bawulungile! Ingabe usukulungele ukulinda okungaka? Futhi, mhlawumbe, usasebenzisa ama-herbicides okungenani kanye?
Ukuvimbela "impi"
Ezilwanyelwe kahle, ezisetshenziselwa iminyaka eminingi ngaphansi kwemibhede, izimbali nezilimo zasengadini, imbewu yokhula enonya yethulwa ngabanikazi uqobo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho utshani obunjiwe nembewu bufakwe kumquba futhi abavunyelwe ukuvuthwa ngokuphelele. Ineqhaza ekuthelelekeni kwenhlabathi ngokhula kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo omusha, ocebile en imbewu yokhula.
Indlela yokufaka esikhundleni ifaka ukutshala emafulethini ezitshalo ezitshaliwe noma umquba oluhlaza, ongeke ushiye indawo yokhula.
Ukulwa noma ukuhambisana?
Ngokwalokho okungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi akukho panacea yokulawula ukhula. Indlela ngayinye yokufuya yendabuko neye-organic ifanelwe ukunakwa, kepha futhi inobuthakathaka bayo. Umlimi ohlakaniphile kufanele afinyelele iziphetho ngokuzimela, ngokusekelwe kokungokoqobo kwakhe nemisebenzi okufanele ixazululwe.
Into eyodwa eqinisekile: Ukulawulwa kokhula akufanele kube yisiphetho ngokwako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluningi lwanamuhla lufakazela ukuthi izitshalo ezitshaliwe zikhulisa impilo ezindaweni ezinokhula oluncane kunasemibhedeni ehlanzekile ngokuphelele.
Ukhula luvikela izilwane ezifuywayo elangeni elishisayo nakwezilungiswa futhi lusetshenziswe ngisho nangama-siderates. Into esemqoka ukungavumeli lezi zitshalo zikhiqize ukhipha izimbali, okungukuthi, ukuzisika noma ukuzikhipha ngesikhathi. Ingqimba eluhlaza yokhula ingasebenza njenge-mulch enhle (gwema kuphela izitshalo ezisakazeka ngokwahlukana - i-purslane, i-buttercup ezinwabuzelayo, i-cactus efihlekile, njll. Kodwa-ke, la makhula nawo angazuzisa. Ngokusekelwe kuzo, kulungiselelwe umanyolo oluhlaza owuhlaza, ozosebenza ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Ngokuvamile, emvelweni akukho lutho olungadingekile nolungenamsebenzi. Futhi lokhu kuyasebenza nakhula. Thatha i-nettle. Ukhula? Okukhulu kakhulu nokuthi akekho. Kepha kubaluleke kangakanani! Lokhu kungcebo yangempela yezinto ezidingekayo zokulandela umkhondo! INettle izosiza hhayi kuphela izitshalo zakho engadini kanye nasengadini, kodwa nawe uqobo, ngakho-ke makukhule ekhoneni elingasodwa lengadi yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yimuphi unyaka obuzama ukumxosha kusuka lapho ...
