Izici zokukhula kwe-monarda

I-monarda enamakha, enamakha futhi enemibala egqamile kanjalo namhlanje icatshangelwa njengesinye sezakhamuzi ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu imibhede yezimbali. Lesi sitshalo sesimanje emigqeni yaso nasephaleni elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo, futhi uma kunokwenzeka khetha izinhlobo zezindawo eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene nezikhathi zezimbali.

Isitshalo esimnandi soju kanye nesilimo esidingeka ukwelashwa kungaba ngenye yezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu eziqhakaza izimbali ehlobo. Ngokusebenza ngezinto ezinhlobonhlobo, i-monard incintisana kalula ngezintandokazi ezinjalo zokwakheka komhlaba njenge-lavender, i-sage, i-catnip ne-veronica. Kepha kukhona yena nezici zakhe ezikhethekile. Yize kunjalo, ayinambulelo yokuthi ingangena kalula emcabangweni wegadi odinga ukunakekelwa kancane.

UMonarda. © i n o i l

Izimo ezikhulayo ezidingwa amakhadi

UMonarda wathola isihloko sakhe njengendlovukazi engathembeki engadini yesimanje, ikakhulukazi ngekhono lakhe lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo zokukhanya ezihlukile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqhakaza okumnandi nokugqamile. Futhi ezindaweni ezinelanga kakhulu, futhi lapho i-penumbra ibusa khona ngokulinganayo ngokushesha, iyathandeka ngombala obandayo obandayo wamahlamvu aminyene naphakathi nendawo kepha amakha amnandi angamamitha ayi-8 cm ukusuka ezimbali eziheha izinambuzane. Noma kuyi-penumbra eminyene kahle, i-monard yakha kufika kuma-inflorescence ayi-100 ngesizini ebudaleni. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, i-monard akufanele itshalwe ezindaweni lapho izitshalo zizokhanyiswa khona isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora angama-3-4 ngosuku: kuyabekezelela umthunzi, kodwa hhayi ukuthanda umthunzi.

Naka isimo somoya esizeni. Ezindaweni ezithengiswa ngumoya, e-monarda, amakhethini aqubuka, amahlumela agobekile, kanti nesitshalo uqobo sibukeka singcolile. Ngalesi sidingo esidinga izindawo ezifudumele ezivikelekile ezinobuningi bokuklanywa kokukhanya.

UMonarda. © Trevor Pittman

Ukukhetha kwenhlabathi nge-monarda

Umhlabathi we-monarda nawo kulula kakhulu ukuwuthatha. Ayibekezeleli inhlabathi ene-acid, i-marshy, izindawo ezakhiwe ngokweqile, izindawo ezinganakwa. Okokugcina, noma yimuphi umhlaba wegadi awunawo isivuno kakhulu. Ama-loams kanye nama-sandstones ajwayelekile emibhede yezimbali alungele amakhadi. Gwema inhlabathi enama-acid amaningi futhi utshale kangcono lobu buhle enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi noma ye-alkaline.

Imininingwane yokufakelwa

IMonarda ivame ukukhula, ishiye izindlela ezibanzi, kepha isondelene kakhulu nezitshalo uqobo. Ibanga elifanele libalelwa ku-30-40 cm ngokulandelana futhi lifike ku-70 cm kuma-aisles. Lapho utshala isihlahla esi-1 kuya ezitshalweni ezingomakhelwane shiya ama-40-50 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo noma i-monadena Delenok, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi. Bumba inhlabathi ngokujulile, bese usabalalisa isigceme sendawo eseqediwe yokuqhakaza izitshalo noma umanyolo we-organic ngesimo se-humus nomquba ngenani lamakhilogremu amathathu kumitha elilodwa lomhlaba ngaphezulu kobuso bawo. Umhlabathi we-acidic kumele ube ngumkhawulo, ungeza ngama-40 g we lime nge-skwele ngasinye. Phinda ubambe inhlabathi noma uvale umanyolo emhlabathini nge-rake.

Monarda clinopodia. © Fritz Flohr Reynolds

Linganisa inhlabathi ngokucophelela, wenze izimbobo ezijulile zokufaka kuwo bese unisela umuntu ngamunye ukuwuthambisa ngamanzi. Kungemva kwalokho kuphela, utshale izitshalo emigodini ngayinye, ngenkathi ugcina izinga lokungena lazo lihlala likhona. Ngokushesha nje emva kokutshala, i-monarda idinga ukunisela okuninginingi kokulungiswa kokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3.

Ukunakekelwa okulula kwe-monarda emnandi

Ukunakekela isilo semvelo akuhlukile ekunakekeleni ezinye izinto zensimu zeqembu elibizwa ngokuthi iqembu lezinqola zesiteshi ezingenasisekelo. Eqinisweni, kwehla ukuthambisa okungavamile, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokuthena ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika.

Lesi sitshalo sizodinga ukuchelela kuphela lapho isomiso sihlangana nesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-monarda ngoJulayi nango-Agasti. Uma inani lemvula yezemvelo lalinganele, zonke izitshalo ezisebhedeni bezimbali nasezingxenyeni zokuhlobisa zihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, khona-ke i-monarda ngeke yenqabe ukusekela okujulile. Cwilisa inhlabathi ngamanzi aze afinyelele ku-20-30 cm. IMonarda ayesabi isomiso phakathi nonyaka wonke, futhi ngeke ife ngesikhathi sezimbali. Kepha ubuhle be-inflorescences, ukungabi bikho kokunisela okunxephezelayo kuthinta kakhulu, futhi ukungabi bumswakama okunethezekile kuzonciphisa ukumelana kwe-monarda ku-powdery hlobo.

I-Monard iphindwe kabili. © uPatrick Standish

Ukuze i-monarda ijabulise hhayi kuphela ukukhuthazela nobuhle be-greenery, kodwa futhi nokuqhakaza okuqhakaza, kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokutshala (nasemahlabathini ompofu - osuvele kusukela kowokuqala) walesi sitshalo, kumele kwenziwe izinto ezimbili:

Esokuqala senziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma inyanga ngemuva kokutshala. Kwisitjalo, udinga ukwenza i-1 tbsp. Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali (ama-nitrophosks ahamba phambili) noma ingxenye yanoma yimuphi umanyolo wezitshalo ezigelezayo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ingxube enjalo yanele amamitha ayi-2 omhlabathi.
Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuthwa kwezitshalo nama-bookmarks wezimbali ngonyaka olandelayo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Kuyo, sebenzisa i-1 tbsp sulfate ne-potassium fertilizer nge-10 wamalitha amanzi (kungcono ukusebenzisa i-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate).

Isihlahla se-monarda sincishiswa kuphela ekuhlanzeni izingxenye zezitshalo zezitshalo ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, yonke ingxenye yesihlahla yesihlahla inqunywa isiqu. Sika amahlumela we-monarda kufanele asuswe endaweni futhi abhujiswe ngokushesha. Esikhathini se-monarda, ukuvuthwa kwembewu akuthinti isikhathi sezimbali, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokususa amahlumela aphelile ngokwawo.

UMonarda. © wplynn

Endaweni eyodwa, i-monard ingakhula iminyaka engama-5-6. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha ngokwesiko kwenziwa ngezibonakaliso zokulahleka kokuhlobisa nobubanzi bendawo yeketanga. Kepha kungcono ukungalindi ukufa kwezihlahla nokulahleka kokukhanga kwazo, kepha ukwenza ukuhlukaniswa okufika ngesikhathi njalo eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemihlanu. Lokhu kuzogcina i-monarda ihlala ikhangayo futhi iyaqhakaza kahle.

Ukuzalaniswa kweMonarda

Isizukulwane esisha sezitshalo singatholakala ngezindlela zemifino kanye nangembewu. Lapho kusakazwa ngembewu, i-monarda ingaguquka, izici ezihlukile zezitshalo azigcinwa, ngakho-ke, lapho kukhula izinhlobo ezingandile ze-monarda futhi uma ufuna ukulondolozwa kombala, udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela indlela yokuhlukanisa izihlahla.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwezihlahla kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa, ukumba amasodi ngenhlama enkulu yomhlaba entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ingxenye ephakathi iyasuswa esihlahleni, bese eyokugcina ihlukaniswe yaba ngama-2-3, kwesinye isikhathi ukwahlukana okunamandla kakhudlwana futhi ngayinye isetshenziswa njengesitshalo esizimele. Engxenyeni ngayinye ehlukaniswe ehlahleni, okungenani amahlumela ama-3-4 aqinile nesixha esikhulu sezimpande kufanele sigcinwe.

Imbewu yeMonarda ihlwanyelwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile kumaphephethi akhethekile noma isebenzise indlela yokutshala.

Izithombo kufanele zihlwanyelwe ukuphela kukaMashi, kumbozwe kancane kuphela ngomhlabathi futhi kugcinwe umswakama we-substrate kuze kube ukuqhuma. Ukunakekelwa kwamahlumela amancane kuyinto ejwayelekile. I-monarda idluliselwa emhlabathini ukusuka ekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kuphela ngoJuni noJulayi. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-monarda enhlabathini, inani elikhulu lomanyolo we-organic kumele lilethwe emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi umquba kanye ne-humus. Imisele yenziwa phezu kwenhlabathi ebangeni elingama-15-20 cm, iniselwa kakhulu bese kuphela imbewu lapho ihlwanyelwa khona okuyingcosana. Zimbozwa ngenhla ngensimbi yomhlabathi ngangokunokwenzeka bese zimboza wonke umbhede ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe noma ifilimu. I-Shelter isuswa kuphela ngemuva kokuvela. Ukunisela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhluma kuyadingeka izikhathi ezi-3 ngeviki. Izitshalo zikhula ngokuncipha kabili, okokuqala ngo-10, bese kuthi kube ngu-20 cm kuze kube unyaka olandelayo. Izithombo ezincane zintekenteke kakhulu, ukhula lungazicwilisa kalula, ngakho-ke izilimo zidinga ukhula oluhlala njalo. Zidluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo entwasahlobo, zitshala izitshalo ezingama-5-6 emgodini owodwa.

Izinambuzane nezifo

UMonarda ungowezitshalo zasengadini ezinzile kakhulu. Akesabi izinambuzane noma izifo, futhi noma enezimpawu zamabala emaqabunga, kungenzeka ukuthi kube yisikhuhla esinamandla, esonakalisa ukubonakala kuphela, kepha singalimazi isitshalo uqobo noma izilimo ezingomakhelwane. I-Downy isikhutha ku-monarda ivela kuphela ngomiswa wenhlabathi kanye nesomiso isikhathi eside, kanye nokutshala okuqinile, lapho kunzima ukujikeleza umoya. Ngokutshala kahle i-monarda futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthambisa kokugcina ehlobo, empeleni uqinisekisa ukuthandwa kwalesi sitshalo.

Kuyaqabukela, i-monarda eseduze kwesitshalo esinegciwane ingangenwa ngukugqwala noma i-mosaic kagwayi, kepha imvamisa lezi zifo zisakazekela emgungundlovu kuphela enhlabathini enkulu.

Izimpande zalesi sitshalo, kanye nemifino, kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha abalulekile. Zinomphumela we-fungicidal enhlabathini, zifaka isandla ekwelapheni kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane futhi zisebenza njenge-prophylaxis emelana nezinambuzane ezinambuzane.