Sikucebisa ukuthi uqale ulungiselele ukugcina imifino ngaphambi kokuvuna ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uyihlwanyele. Okokuqala, thola noma ukhule esizeni sakho imbewu yezinhlobo ezinokwehla. Imifino enjalo ihlukile kwababuthakathaka abanezicubu zemishini ezinamandla nesikhumba esiminyene esimbozwe ngentambo ye-wax. Isibonelo, amakhabethe amnandi wezinhlobo zamaklabishi iSlava 1305, iMosco sekwephuzile i-9 ilimala kalula futhi igcinwa kuphela kuze kube nguDisemba, kanti i-Amager 611, Zimovka 1474 ene-coarser namaqabunga omile kakhudlwana ayilondolozi ebusika-entwasahlobo (kuze kube ngoMashi - Ephreli).
ImifinoI-anyanisi Karatalsky enezingqimba ezicijile zangaphakathi nezincane kuhlu olulodwa lwesikali, okuthi ngaphezu kwalokho, zisuswe kalula, ukubola ngokushesha kanye namahlumela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isikali somile sobukhulu obunamathathu nambili sezinhlobo zasendaweni zeBessonovsky isikhathi eside sizivikela emonakalweni. Ngokuvamile, ikhwalithi yokugcina nokuhanjiswa kwezinto ezinhlobonhlobo kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokumelana nezifo.
Isikhathi esihlukile sokulondolozwa kwezilimo zemifino: ezimweni ezinhle, ukhukhamba zingagcinwa amasonto ama-2-4 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, utamatisi - izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, amazambane, iklabishi - izinyanga eziyi-8-9, no-anyanisi, ngokwesibonelo, unyaka noma ngaphezulu.
Izimo ezikhulayo zithinta kakhulu ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokugcina ubusika. Ukusuka esimweni esishisayo, esine-clayey, futhi nasivela enhlabathini eluhlaza yezikhukhula, imifino iye yangabekwa emuva kunalena enesihlabathi esithandekayo nesihle. Ukugcotshwa kwenhlabathi ngamanyolo angavuthiwe kanye nezamanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe i-nitrogen eningi kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokukhiqizwa ngenxa yezifo.
Umbuso wokunisela uthinta nekhwalithi yokugcina imikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuvunwa.. Ukuchelela ngokweqile kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni kwezitshalo zezimpande izaqathe kanye namakhanda weklabishi. Ukuqina nokunisela kwezicubu kuyanda, inani lokulimala kwemishini ngesikhathi sokuhlanza landa, okuholela kumonakaliso wemikhiqizo ngezifo. Ukuchelela kakhulu ngokugqoka okuphezulu emasontweni ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvuna iklabishi, yize kunomthelela ekwandeni kwesivuno, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kungaholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kwamakhanda iklabishi esesivele ekuqaleni kokulondolozwa.
Isikhathi sokuhlanza asikunandaba. Banqunywa ngezinga lokuvuthwa kwezilimo ngazinye nezimo zezulu. Kungcono ukuvuna imifino ngezinsuku ezinhle ukomisa umkhiqizo elangeni nasemoyeni opholile (kodwa-ke, ungavumeli ukuthi kumiswe), ususe inhlabathi kuwo, bese uhlukanisa abangajwayelekile, abalimele nabagulayo ukuze basebenzise noma basebenzise kuqala.. U-anyanisi negalikhi kudinga ukomiswa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuvunwa (1 - 2 amasonto) egqumeni noma ngaphansi kombhede; amahora amaningi anele ezitshalweni zezimpande, iklabishi, amazambane.
I-Cauliflower (Brássica olerácea)Cishe yonke imifino ibhekana nokuguqulwa komzimba ngemuva kokubanda, ngemuva kwalokho igcinwe kabi (ngaphandle kweklabishi lezinhlobo sekwephuzile, ezingamelana neqhwa elikhanyayo). Ngakho-ke, kufanele ususe imibhede ngaphambi kweqhwa, awukwazi ukufaka isivuno engcupheni.
Okungavuthiwe, kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingavuthiwe noma ezinomswakama, izilimo zezimpande, amakhanda iklabishi zilinyazwa kalula ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Ngokusikeka, amanxeba esikhumba, ukutheleleka kungena kalula ezicutshini zangaphakathi, bese imikhiqizo ibola.
Udinga ukwazi ukuhlanza. Imifino ebangelwa imbiwa phansi enhlabathini nge-pitchfork, ibabambe ngamaqabunga. Kungcono ukungaphuli iziqongo, ungasonteki, kodwa unqunywe ngommese obukhali, ushiye amahlumela ubude obungu-1--1,5 cm. Lezi zingxenye ziphulukiswa ngokushesha, indlela yokutheleleka ivinjiwe. Izinhloko zeklabishi zinqunywa ngezembozo noma ngamaqabunga ama-rosette amabili noma amathathu. Kuma-anyanisi nesweli, intamo eyomile isikwa ngommese noma ama-secateurs ekuphakameni okungama-2-4 cm ukusuka ku-bulb.
Beka imifino yokugcina kuyo esitsheni futhi ngaphandle kwayo - ngobuningi emahlombe. Indlela engcono kakhulu
Isela
namanje Tare. Lapho imikhiqizo itheleleka ngokubola okumanzi, izisusa zesifo zikhawulelwe ezindongeni zephakeji, zenze lula ukwenziwa kwe-bulkheading. Amabhokisi aminyene noma ama-rack, izikhwama namasaka enziwe nge-polyethylene noma iphepha elisindayo asetshenziswa kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo. Uma okuncane kunesitsha (2 kuya ku-5 kg), kulula kakhulu ukuqapha ukuphepha kwemifino, kepha amabhokisi nezikhwama ezinamandla angama-15 - 20 kg kuthatha indawo encane yokugcina. Amabhokisi we-Rack alungele ukupakisha imifino engesabi ukuthi i-wilting (anyanisi), imifino enezimpande ezinamanzi (izaqathe, iparsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi) igcinwa ezikhwameni zefilimu isikhathi eside.
Kuyinto elula ukubeka amazambane kanye nama-beet emigqonyeni enezikhala ezingama-1-1,5 m, izimpande zezitshalo emabhampini noma emabhokisini anesihlabathi esilinganayo. Iklabishi libekwa emcimbini omncane nge-kocherig phezulu noma ikhanda ngalinye limiswe ngokwahlukile.
Ngokugcina isikhathi eside imifino emisha, ama-cellular abandayo, amachibi, imigodi, ukungcwatshwa noma ukugcinwa komhlaba kufanelekile. Ukuvimbela ukuthi zingabi yi-hotbed yesifo, zibulawa magciwane nge-lime, i-sulphate yethusi, njll. Njalo ehlobo. Ukuphefumula kufanele kufakwe ukuze kususwe umswakama owedlulele (lapho kuvuna isimo sezulu esinethayo) futhi kunciphise amazinga okushisa. Ngobusuku obubandayo bokubanda, ukunikezwa nokuvuleka kokuphelelwa umoya kuvaliwe, futhi phakathi nosuku, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kunezangaphakathi, bavalekile. Kwimifino, kufiseleka ngokushesha (izinsuku ezimbalwa) ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ku-optimum, kepha amazambane esikhathini esibizwa ngokuthi "ukwelashwa" amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu adinga izinga lokushisa elikhuphukile (10-16 °). Kulokhu, ungahlomisa izingxenye ezimbili.
Imifino ngokuhlobene nezimo zokugcina ihlukaniswe ngombandela ngamaqembu amabili. Abathanda ukushisa (utamatisi, ukhukhamba, isitshalo seqanda) endaweni yokushisa esondele ku-zero, balahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwabo, amandla okuvuthwa nokugcina isikhathi eside. Izilimo ezilwa nobandayo (iklabishi, u-anyanisi, ugarliki, imifino eluhlaza nesaladi) zigcinwa kahle ebangeni ka -1, + 2 °. Imikhiqizo enesikhumba esiminyene, i-wax coating, isikali esivikelayo (utamatisi, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi) ayibuni ngomswakama ohlobene kakhulu no-70-85%; ngezitshalo ezimpande, imifino, iklabishi, udinga ukudala umswakama ophezulu (bheka ithebula). Yehlisa umswakama ngokungena egumbini egumbini kubanda, kusimo sezulu esicacile; ukwandise ngokufafaza ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukugcina ndawonye isethi enkulu yemifino enezidingo ezihlukile zombuso, udinga ukwazi ukuthi amazinga okushisa egumbini asatshalaliswa kanjani: kubanda kakhulu phansi nasemidongeni engaphandle kunasemashalofini nophahla. Umehluko kwesinye isikhathi ufinyelela ku-3-5 °. Umswakama odingekayo ebuntshini ngalinye lemikhiqizo kulula ukuwulawula usebenzisa ifilimu elincane elincanyana leplastiki, izikhwama, izikhonkwane ngamabhokisi, izinto ezihlanganayo nesihlabathi esimanzi, esimboze ngokuvuthwa, njll. Awukwazi ukuvala ngokuqinile isiqukathi sepulasitiki: imifino emisha ekhipha ikhabhoni dioksiyidi inqubo yokuphefumula, uma kukhona okweqile, kungahle.
| Izimo ezifanele zokugcina imifino emisha | |||
| Isiko | Imodi yokushisa | Umswakama ohlobene | |
| Iklabishi emhlophe | 0 - +1 | 95* | |
| UBeetroot | 0 - +1 | 90-95 | |
| UCelery, uParsley | 0 - -1 | 95-98 | |
| Ubhatata | +2 - +4 | 85-90 | |
| I-anyanisi itheniphu (indlela yokubanda ebandayo) ** | -1 - -3 | 65 - 75 | |
| Garlic | -1 - +1 | 65-75 | |
| Utamatisi oluhlaza | +10 - +12 | 80-85 | |
| Utamatisi obomvu | +4 - +6 | 80-85 | |
| Ukhukhamba | +10 - + 12 | 90-95 | |
| Imifino eluhlaza | 0 - +2 | 95-98 | |
| * Ekuqukethwe komswakama okungama-73-85%, amakhanda eklabishi anciphisa isisindo, kepha amaqabunga aphezulu omisiwe avikela umkhiqizo ekuwohlokeni. ** Indlela efudumele yokugcina - ezimweni zamakamelo | |||
Vele, izimo zokugcina ezingadoti zingakwazi ukwakhiwa njalo. Izimo ezingezinhle zokukhula, ukuvuna, ukugcina zinomthelela kwimikhiqizo ebolile. Nazi izifo ezijwayelekile zemifino nezindlela zokulawula ukulahleka.
Ukubola okumpunga kweklabishi. Amaqabunga angaphandle aba izicubu zomzimba, okufana nokwenziwa ngokotini ompunga okune-sclerotia emnyama eminingi. Ngokuzayo, ukubola kuthinta amaqabunga angaphakathi ekhanda. Ukulondolozwa, amakhanda anempilo, acinile, amnyama weklabishi wezinhlobonhlobo zokubekwa ezinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu wokumboza namahlamvu amade angama-2-3 ubude. Nge-prophylaxis, amakhanda eklabishi athulwe ngoshini omisiwe ochotshoziwe - 2-3% ngesisindo seklabishi. Lapho ukubola - ukuphuma kumakhabishi namaqabunga akhumula.
Ukubola kwe-anyanisi yesibeletho. Izintamo zezinhlamvu zibamnyama, zithambile kanye ne-mucilage, ubuso bawo bumbozwe ngengubo empunga. Umquba wePhosphate ne-potassium wenyusa ukumelana nokubola, umquba ufaka isandla kulesi sifo. Ngaphambi kokubekwa kwesitoreji, u-anyanisi owomile ufudunyezwa ngama-45 "amahora ayi-12-16. Uma kuvela ukubola, udinga ukuhlela ngokushesha anyanisi.
I-White Carrot Rot. I-lesion Focal iholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Izitshalo ezikwenziwa impande ziyathanjiswa, zimbozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe emhlophe enama-sclerotia amakhulu amnyama. Izindlela zokuvimbela: ukunciphisa umhlabathi wenhlabathi, uzigqoke ngomanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus, ukufafaza kabili izitshalo ngenyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa nge-Bordeaux liquid.
Ukubola okumnyamaI-phomosis nokubola okumnyama kwamakherothi - bola owomile. Kuvela amabala ansundu noma amnyama ezitshalweni zezimpande, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zasakazeka kuso sonke isivuno sezimpande. Izindlela zokuxwayisa ziyefana nalezo ezivela kokubola okumhlophe.
Ukubola kwamazambane omile nokumanzi Ezimweni eziningi, avele eziqongweni kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokuvuna. Ngakho-ke, ukomisa, ukuhlunga ngokucophelela, ukwenqatshwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesifo futhi ezilimele ngemuva kokuvunwa, futhi phakathi neminyaka yezifo eziningi nangemva kwenkathi "yokwelashwa", kuyisihluthulelo sokugcinwa okuphezulu kwamazambane.
Izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezijwayelekile kuzoba ukushintshana kwezilimo esizeni, ukutshala noma ukutshala izitshalo ezihlobene endaweni efanayo ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-4-6.. Ukuhlwanyela noma izinto zokutshala akufanele kutholwe (ukugqoka imbewu ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate engu-0.5-1%). Ukuvunwa kwe-Autumn yayo yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo kuphoqelekile esizeni; iziqongo zezitshalo ezithinteke izifo kufanele zishiswe. Inhlabathi imbe ngokujulile ngokushintshwa kwedamu.
Ezivela ezintweni zokwenziwa zikaV. Lebedeva
