Noma isiphi isitshalo sesitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula nentuthuko sibhekene nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezithi zinciphise ukungatheleleki kwezitshalo futhi zibangele izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukunqoba zonke izici ezingezinhle zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukungagcineki okuqinile kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Vele, ungazama ukuthokozela izitshalo ngosizo lomanyolo olwengeziwe, isethi ethuthukisiwe yezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical, kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa imiphumela yokufinyeleleka kwesayensi yanamuhla, usebenzisa izisusa zokukhula kanye nama-immunomodulators, njengokuthi, isibonelo, i-Epin, esizokhuluma ngayo ngokuningiliziwe namuhla.
Ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesitshalo nge-EpinUyini u-Epin?
I-Epin yezidakamizwa iqukethe into esebenzayo - i-epinbrassinolide - i-phytohormone eyenziwe ngamakhemikhali evumelana ngokuphelele nemvelo. Ngenxa yesenzo salo muthi, izitshalo ziyalulama kalula ngemuva kwezici ezahlukahlukene zokucindezela, njengamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka komswakama, ukukhanyisa okunganele nokunye okunjalo. Umphumela we-Epin ezitshalweni uholela ekwenzeni kusebenze ukusabela kwe-enzymatic nokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamaprotheni. Ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo kukhuphuka ngenxa yokuthonya kokukhula kweseli nokukhula, ukusebenza kwezinqubo ze-metabolic zesitho sesitshalo.
Ngokungeziwe kokusebenzisa i-Epin ukwandisa ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo, kuvunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa njenge-prophylactic nanjengezinto ezingakhuphula isivuno sezitshalo ezingene esikhathini sokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
Lesi sidakamizwa sithengiswa kuma-ampoules aqukethe i-millilita (ml) yento. Le nto kufanele ichithwe emanzini, mhlawumbe ithambile (imvula, incibilike, ixazululwe).
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa i-Epin ithi umuthi ungasetjenziswa ukukhuthaza ukuhluma kwehlanyelo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa, ukwandisa ukungazweli kwezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo, ekwelashweni kokuvinjezelwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nama-bulbs ukuze kuvikeleke ekuthelelekeni kwesikhunta futhi kusheshiswe ukuhluma kwazo, ukukhulisa umkhiqizo kanye nokuqinisa ukungatheleleki ezikhathini ezihlukile zonyaka.
Lesi sidakamizwa sihle ngoba siphephe ngokuphelele, asephuli izigaba zokwenzeka kokukhula kwezidalwa zezitshalo, futhi akubangeli ukuncika kumuthi.
Izici zokusetshenziswa kwe-Epin
Uma usebenzisa umuthi, kubalulekile ukuthi unake izici zawo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi into esebenzayo yesidakamizwa ibhujiswa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, futhi nokuthi i-alkali ikhona emanzini. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, ukwandisa umphumela omuhle we-Epin ezitshalweni, kuyadingeka ukwenza izisombululo futhi ubaphathe ngezitshalo kusihlwa, mhlawumbe ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.
Lapho ufaka isixazululo, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi awanayo i-alkali; ngokuqiniseka okukhulu, ungangeza i-citric acid emanzini (igramu eyodwa ye-citric acid ngebhakede lamanzi).
Lapho welapha izitshalo nge-Epin, zama ukuqikelela ukuthi inani eliyinhloko lezinto liwela ezitshalweni, hhayi emhlabathini. Musa ukwenza kaningi ukwelashwa, kwanele ukukufeza kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12.
Ungasisebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngaphandle kokwesaba, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, ungabheki ibanga kusuka ezakhiweni zokuhlala, amachibi, amachibi, ngoba umuthi uphephe ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugweme ukungahambi kahle komzimba, abantu bathambekele komzimba, noma kunjalo kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela - isiphefumulo sokuphefumula kanye namagilavu enjoloba okuvikela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epina ezitshalweni zemifino
Umphumela we-Epin emifino ukukhulisa ukumelana kwabo nezifo, ukuthuthukisa ukusethwa kwezithelo, ukunciphisa ukudonsa kwe-ovary, ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezithelo, izimfanelo zabo zokunambitha, kanye nokwandisa impilo yeshalofu yemikhiqizo yemifino. Ukucutshungulwa kwezitshalo zemifino kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi ngokushesha emva kwayo, futhi kuvunyelwe ukuthambisa imbewu kusisombululo sika-Epin ukukhulisa ukuhluma kwazo.
Imvamisa, kumamitha skwele ayikhulu omhlaba ahlala isivuno esithile, udinga cishe amalitha amahlanu ekhambi eliphelile. Ukulungiselela isisombululo esisebenzayo, i-ampoule eyodwa (1 ml yomuthi) kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi (Isixazululo se-0.02%).
Ku-ampoule eyi-1 ml iqukethe amaconsi angama-40 we-Epin. 1 ukwehla = 0,025 ml.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin on bell pepper, ukhukhamba notamatisi
Ukufakwa ngotshani imbewu yemifino yalezi imifino kungenziwa ngesisombululo esingu-0,05% we-Epin (amaconsi ama-2 nge-100 ml wamanzi). Cwilisa imbewu ngokukhethekile amahora angama-2-4, kuyilapho amanzi akufanele abande, kodwa ahambisane lokushisa kwekamelo.
Lapho ukhula lezi zilimo ngezithombo, izitshalo zingalashwa ngesisombululo esisebenzayo esingu-0,02% (1 ml yesidakamizwa ngamalitha ayi-5 amanzi) ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudlulisela izithombo endaweni engapheli, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-1012 kutshalwe.
Ukucutshungulwa okwalandela kungenziwa ngesisombululo esisebenzayo izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali kanye nezinsuku ezimbalwa kuqedwe ukwenziwa. Ngokwesimo se-bell pepper, ukwelashwa kwe-Epin nakho kungenziwa ngenkathi yezimbali yalesi sitshalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epina kumazambane
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba ama-tubers atshalwe enhlabathini, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukuncibilikisa i-ampoule eyodwa (1 ml) ye-Epina ku-250 ml wamanzi (isisombululo esingu-0,4%), le mali yanele ngama-50 kg wezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa kangcono endaweni emnyama futhi ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, vumela ama-tubers alale ngaphansi kwale mibandela amahora angu-4-5.
Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha amazambane kungenziwa ngesisombululo esisebenzayo esingu-0,02% (1 ml yesidakamizwa ngamalitha ayi-5 amanzi) ngesikhathi sekwakhiwa ihlumela, ezingxenyeni eziyikhulu ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwamazambane, kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa amalitha ama-4 wesisombululo.
Ukufaka isicelo se-Epin kuma-radishes ne-isitshalo seqanda
Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwe-Epin kulezi zinsiko kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, zingene kusisombululo se-0.05% somuthi (2 amaconsi nge-100 ml yamanzi) amahora amathathu.
Okunye ukwelashwa ku-radish kungenziwa ngesisombululo esisebenzayo esingu-0,02% (1 ml yesidakamizwa ngamalitha ama-5 amanzi) ngesikhathi sokuvela kweqabunga lesibili futhi lokhu kungukuphela kokulashwa, futhi kuma-isitshalo seqanda, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangesikhathi sokumiswa kwamaqanda. kusihlwa, usebenzisa amalitha ama-4 wesisombululo endaweni yamamitha skwele ayinkulungwane.
Ukuhluma kwembewu kusetshenziswa i-EpinUkusetshenziswa kwe-Epina kuklabishi
Eklabishi e-Epin, imbewu ifakwe emanzini amahora angama-4-5 kusisombululo se-0,05% (ama-2 ehla nge-100 ml yamanzi), ngesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwezixazululo kwe-10 g. imbewu - 10 ml yesisombululo. Okulandelayo, ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo endaweni engapheli, udinga ukwelapha izitshalo ngesixazululo esisebenzayo esingu-0,02% (1 ml yesidakamizwa ngama-5 amalitha amanzi) i-Epina.
Ukuze wandise ukungatheleleki ngemuva kokudlulisela izithombo endaweni engapheli, ukwelashwa nge-Epin kufanele kwenziwe ngesisombululo esisebenzayo ngenkathi kusungulwa inhloko yeklabishi, okujwayelekile ngamamitha skwele omhlaba angamalitha ayi-2,5 solution.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin anyanisi - kusethiwe
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ama, kufakwe emanzini isigamu sehora kusisombululo se-0,05% (1 ml ngamalitha ama-2 amanzi).
Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwenziwa lapho kuvela amapheshana amathathu eqiniso. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyathandeka ukwelapha izitshalo ngesixazululo esisebenzayo esingu-0,02% (1 ml yesidakamizwa ngama-5 amalitha amanzi), futhi amalitha angama-3.5 esisombululo asetshenziswa cishe amamitha skwele emhlaba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin kumakhabe namakhabe
E-Epina, imbewu yamakhabe kanye amakhabe afakwe emanzini ngaphambi kokutshala (amahora ambalwa). Ukuxakaniseka komuthi kufanele kube ngamaconsi ama-2 nge-100 ml wamanzi (isisombululo esingu-0,05%), le mali yanele imbewu engu-25-30.
Ngesikhathi sokuqothula, ukwandisa inani lama-ovary, kuyenzeka futhi ukucubungula lezi zitshalo, lapho zilungiselela khona isisombululo esisebenzayo esingu-0,02% (1 ml wesidakamizwa ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi) bese kusetshenziswa amalitha ama-4 esisombululo kumamitha skwele ayikhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epina kumakhowe
Lapho kukhula amakhowe e-oyster nama-champignon, kuvunyelwe futhi ukusebenzisa i-Epin, kuvuselela ukukhula nokukhula kwe-mycelium futhi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamakhowe okusheshayo.
U-Epin udinga ukwelashwa nge-mycelium ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula okusebenzayo, okuyilapho isisombululo se-0.005% senzelwa i-1 kg ye-mycelium, enamaconsi amabili womuthi oxutshwe kwilitha lamanzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epina ngezimbali
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin ezitshalweni zezimbali kukhulisa ukungatheleleki kwabo, kuthuthukisa izimfanelo zokuhlobisa, futhi kwandise isikhathi sezimbali. Ungasebenzisa i-Epin ezitshalweni zezimbali esiteji sembewu ofakwe kuyo (isixazululo se-0,1 - amaconsi ama-4 nge-100 ml) noma ama-bulb (isixazululo esingu-0,05% - 1 ml ngamalitha ama-2 amanzi), nangaphambi kokuqhakaza nangesikhathi sokuvela kwamahlamvu .
U-Epin, lapho esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuphoqelela izimbali zezilimo ze-bulb ebusika, uzovumela izitshalo eziqhakazayo ukuba zitholakale cishe isonto ngaphambili kunokujwayelekile, kanye nokubukeka kwazo okuthuthukile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin nakho kunomthelela omuhle ekufakweni kwezitshalo zezitshalo zasendlini ezinhlobonhlobo. Kulokhu, udinga ukukusebenzisa ngokufafaza izitshalo ezisanda kuthelwa kabusha esitsheni esisha bese uziyeka amahora angu-3-5 egumbini elimnyama.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epina ezitshalweni ezinamahlahla nezinezihlahla
I-Epin ingasetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala izithombo zesihlahla nesihlahla somhluzi entwasahlobo, ngenani le-1 ml nge-10 l lamanzi (isixazululo se-0,01%). Okujwayelekile izithombo ezingama-6,6 zezihlahla nezihlahla ezingama-7-8. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kungenziwa ngenkathi kusungulwa ama-elembu futhi elinye emva kokuqhakaza. E-pearl, kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe ukucubungula isonto ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-ovary, naku-currant ebomvu - kuzithelo eziluhlaza.
Ukwelapha ehlobo kwenziwa kangcono kumthamo ophindwe kabili, okungukuthi, ebhakedeni lamanzi udinga ukuncibilikisa ama-ampoules amabili womuthi (isixazululo esingu-0,02%). Amanani wokusebenza afana nasentwasahlobo.
Kuvunyelwe ukucubungula umuthi wokugomela ngemuva kokuba usuqediwe entwasahlobo naphakathi nehlobo (ukukopishwa nokuqunjelwa, ngokulandelana); lezi zindlela zokuphatha zinomthelela omuhle kwizinga lokusinda kuzo zombili izihlahla ezisikiwe kanye nezihluma. Ukwelashwa kokugoma, udinga ukulungisa isixazululo somuthi esingu-0,05% (1 ml malitha ama-2 amanzi).
Ukuzisika kwe-midzi kusetshenziswa i-EpinUkusetshenziswa kwe-Epin ekusikeni kwe-midzi
Ukuze wandise umsebenzi we-rhizogenic we-cuttings, ngaphambi kokutshala ku-greenhouse, angafakwa kwisisombululo se-0,02% (1 ml ngama-5 amalitha amanzi) i-Epina. Leli nani lanele ukuthoba izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zokusika inqobo nje uma isixazululo nokusika kufakwa emgodini ongashisi kodwa obanzi ngokuphakama kwamacala angama-60-6 cm. Into esemqoka ukuthi iziqeshana ezilungele ukutshala zifakwe emanzini ayi-2-3 cm kwizixazululo.
Ukugcotshwa kuqala ekuseni futhi kuphela ekuseni ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, emva kwalokho amasiki atshalwe ku greenhouse. Ukucwilisa i-batch elandelayo yokusika, kulungiselelwe isixazululo esisha sokulungiselela. Imvamisa, ukusika izingcezu ku-Epin kukuvumela ukuthi uthole uhlelo olunamandla kakhulu lwezimpande oluvuthiwe futhi lukhule ngokuphelele. Kufanele wazi ukuthi u-Epin uyakwazi ukuyithinta kahle i-rhizogenesis yokusika okuluhlaza kuphela uma imigomo yokusika kwabo ibonwa, okungukuthi, lapho ukusika kungakenziwa lign.
Sikhombise imithamo evamile yesidakamizwa, kodwa ngokuya ngezindlela zesiko elithile, ziyahlukahluka impela. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi unqume ukusika ama-rose ubusuku bonke kusixazululo esiqukethe u-0.5 ml wesidakamizwa kumalitha ayi-5 amanzi; wokusika kwe-lilac ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi udinga ukusula u-0.6 ml wesidakamizwa; ukusikwa kwamagilebhisi kudinga u-1,2 ml wesidakamizwa ngama-5 amalitha amanzi; ukusika kwe-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-eugamaus nejuniper, udinga ama-2 ml wesidakamizwa ngama-5 amalitha amanzi; ama-currants, ama-gooseberry, i-irgi, i-dogwood, i-honeysuckle nezilimo ezifanayo, udinga ukufaka i-1 ml yesidakamizwa ku-5 amalitha amanzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin ekusakazweni kwezitshalo ezinamanzi amaningi
Lapho uhlukanisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa nangaphambi kokuba watshalwe enhlabathini, kungakuhle ukuwungenisa ngesixazululo somuthi esingu-0,05% (1 ml ngamalitha ama-2 amanzi) amahora angama-3-5, lokhu kuzonyusa ukumelana kokutheleleka ngefungal, kusheshise ukuhluma kwe-tubers futhi kuvuse ukukhula kwawo umsebenzi emva kokuhluma.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin kwezolimo
I-Epin isetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izilimo, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungakhuphula umkhiqizo ngo-15-25%. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Epin, ngaphezu kokukhiqiza okukhiqizayo, kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi emikhiqizweni yezolimo futhi kunciphise inani lezindlela zokwelapha ezihleliwe zezifo.
Ukucutshungulwa kwezilimo kufanele kwenziwe kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvela kweqabunga eliluhlaza bese kuqedwa isonto ngaphambi kokuvunwa, kulungiswa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-14-16. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa isisombululo somuthi esingu-0,02%.
