Noma yimuphi umgadi wengadi kungekudala ubhekana nenkinga yezindawo ezinganakwa, ezikhula kakhulu, ezithinteke ukhula. Umsebenzi wokusula awuxhunyaniswa kuphela nesimo lapho uthola indawo engaphansi kwedolobha esimweni esidabukisayo. Imibhede yezimbali ezindala noma utshani “obukhohliwe”, amasheya akhula ngokweqile noma ukungalawuleki kwasakaza ukhula esingazange siqale ukulwa ngesikhathi - isimo akuyona into engajwayelekile. Futhi isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sempumelelo ekuxazululeni inkinga ukubekezela nokukhuthazela.
Ukuhlanza izindawo ezinganakwa engadini.
Isu elilodwa lazo zonke izimo
Ekunqumeni ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokufika okunganakwa nomsebenzi wokuhlanza insimu, noma yindawo, noma ubukhali bale nkinga, noma iqiniso lokuthi iminyaka emingaki le ndawo yema ngaphandle kokukhathazeka, akunandaba. Umsebenzi wokuhlanza uhlala njalo futhi yonke indawo uxazululwa ngokulinganayo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi usisebenzisa isikhathi esingakanani ukufeza inhloso nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani.
Ngokwengqungquthela, zonke izimo lapho kusulwa izindawo ziyadingeka zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu zokuxaka:
- Ukuhlanza izindawo ezitshiyelwe ukhula.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo ezindala ezikhule eminyakeni eminingi kungaphazamiseki.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwesakhiwo sonke noma ingxenye yesakhiwo esinganakwa, okuthi phezu kwalokho ukhula nezitshalo ezindala kube khona nezihlahla, izihlahla nezihlumela zazo.
Uhlobo lwesithathu lokusula luyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, kudla isikhathi futhi kudle isikhathi. Imvamisa kuvamile ezimweni lapho uthenga iziza esimweni sokunganakwa bese uphoqelelwa ukuthi udale lokho azuze kona ngaphambi kokudala ingadi yabo yamaphupho.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zokuhlanza zingadingeka ngisho nasezivandeni ezijwayelekile, ezihlala zigcinwa futhi zivakashelwa kaningi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kufanele uphuthelwe yisikhashana nje, ungaqali ukulwa nokhula ngesikhathi noma ungaboni ukuthi umbhede wezimbali uyakhula, kanye nezinto ezenziwe kahle zizoshintsha zibe zindawo ezinganakwa ngonyaka olandelayo. Uhambo oluphuthumayo oluya emsebenzini, ukuntuleka kwesikhathi, ukuphoqa ukuphoqa amandla okuvame ukuholela ezindaweni nasezintweni ezivela engadini ezidinga nje ukulungiswa okujwayelekile, kodwa futhi nokucaca.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa nokutshala okungafuneki nokunganakwa emasimini. Kepha noma kunjalo, ukwenza imishini, ukuzikhandla okukhulu nesikhathi esichithiwe kubalulekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngisho namalungiselelo wesimanje wokubulala ukhula angathuthukiswa kakhulu, kodwa nokho angabi ngomlingo. Futhi kunoma yisiphi isimo, kuzodingeka wenze imizamo eminingi. Kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka wenze ngendlela efanayo.
Kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqala ukucacisa ngokususwa kukadoti - amagatsha, amatshe, izinto zokwakha ezindala. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo sangempela sezinto futhi wenze lula ezinye izenzo.
Isu lokuhlanza izindawo ezinganakwa lifaka izinyathelo ezinqala ezinhlanu:
- Ukukhonjwa nokulondolozwa kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe ezingasetshenziswa futhi zivunyelwe.
- Ukukhonjwa kwezihlahla nezihlahla ezingenakusindiswa futhi kuzodingeka kususwe, kanye nezindawo ezidinga umsebenzi wezimpande ezidinga umsebenzi onzima.
- Ukuhlanza inhlabathi ezitshalweni, kususwe ukhula enhlabathini.
- Ukulima ngomshini.
- Ukwenza ngcono inhlabathi esizeni nokulungiselela ukutshala okusha.
Kwamasayithi anganakwa kakhulu, ungahlala uphendukela ezinsizakalweni zochwepheshe. Kepha uma ufuna ukubhekana nomsebenzi wedwa, into yokuqala okungafanele uyenze ukwesaba. Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, kancane kancane, wena uqobo uzokwazi ukubhekana nanoma iyiphi inkinga. Into esemqoka ukubeka yonke into emashalofini futhi ungazami ukumboza yonke inkinga ngokushesha.
Ingxenye enganakwa yensimu.
Gcina zonke izitshalo ongazisebenzisa
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi sikhuluma ngamazinga amangaki - ukonakala okulula kokhula okugcwala izizukulwane zonyaka kanye nezimbali eziyizintandokazi, noma izinkinga ezinkulu - into yokuqala okufanele icatshangelwe yizitshalo eziye zahlupheka ngenxa yokunganakwa, kepha nokho ezingalahleki amandla.
Ngisho nezihlahla nezihlahla ezinganakwa kakhulu kufanele zigawulwe kuphela uma kungekho enye indlela yokuphuma: uma zithinteka kakhulu yizilokazane nezifo, zinika inani elikhulu lokugcwala, zikhombisile ukuthi ngeke zisakwazi ukuthela izithelo. Vele, amathokhethi aqhubekayo e-willow noma ama-sea buckthorn, ama-cherries agcwele indawo esizeni kunoma yini. Kepha nikeza izitshalo ezitshaliwe ithuba, okokuqala, izihlahlana zezithelo nezithelo zomdwebo nezihlahla: ukunquma kanye nokusebenza kwezifo, vuselela imiqhele, ubone iminyaka eminingana ukuthi bazothela kanjani izithelo futhi uma benethemba. Yebo, futhi izihlahla zokuhlobisa noma izinhlobo zezhlahla ngemuva kokuthenwa kwekhwalithi kungakumangaza ngobuhle obungakaze bubonwe.
Kuyiqiniso, inketho elula ukuthi ungalindi bese ushintsha izitshalo ezintsha. Kepha, uma ungenaso isabelomali esikhulu sokuthenga izitshalo ezinkulu, kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside kunokubuyisa izitshalo ezindala. Ngakho-ke, endabeni yezilimo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, kungcono ukukhipha, ukusika kanye nokususa lezo zitshalo kuphela ezingenalo ithuba lokwenza umsebenzi omusha.
Ngama-perennials, izilimo ezinotshani, abavikeli benhlabathi, konke kulula kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ngasikhathi sinye. Kuyizitshalo ezinotshani okungezokuqala ukuhlushwa ukusatshalaliswa kotshani basendle, yizo ezithathelwa indawo ukhula, nabancintisana ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele. Belahlekelwa ukubumbana kwabo nokubukeka okuhle, ama-perennials otshani ngokwawo ayakwazi ukudala izinto ezinganakwa, ngokushesha aphenduke izimbali ezicishe zijwayele futhi azithandayo azihlanganise nokhula.
Esikhathini sobuningi bezitshalo ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, kuhlale kubonakala ngathi akukho okusindisa. Kepha kungcono ukubhekisisa ama-thickets: uma ukhulula izitshalo komakhelwane abakhathele, uhlanze futhi uhlukanise amakhethini, ukutshala ukukhula kwezitshalo, emhlabathini ohlanzekile futhi endaweni entsha enezimo ezifanele, izitshalo ezinotshani zizovela futhi bonke ubuhle bazo. Futhi ngisho nalapho ubona iphupho elilodwa noma ama-dandelion, bheka izitshalo eziye zahlupheka kuzo, kepha zisalwela izimpilo zazo.
Zonke izitshalo ezitshaliwe kufanele zimbiwe, zihlolwe ngokucophelela, zisuswe ngotshani obungaphandle obuzungeze uhlelo lwezimpande zotshani, uma kunesidingo, zihlukaniswe futhi zisikwe. Futhi londolozela ukubekwa okuzayo kanye nezindawo ezintsha. Ngaphambi kokubhekana nakho konke ukuhlaza ngokweqile, qiniseka ukuthi udonsa zonke izilimo ongazisebenzisa. Noma kungukunganakwa okuncane noma i-flowerbed egcwele kahle, ukusula kufanele kube okuphelele. Ukufeza umphumela, izitshalo ezitshaliwe, ngaphandle kwezihlahla noma izihlahla ezingeke zatshalwa, kufanele zisuswe ngokuphelele kusuka endaweni ezosulwa, ngaphandle kokushiya isiqhingi esisodwa sokutshala ezindala.
Ukusebenza okuyingxenye yesiza ngaphambi kokucwengwa.
Plot ngemuva kokuhlanza.
Ukususa imifino engafuneki
Ngaphambi kokususa ukhula nezithombo bese uqhubeka nokuhlanzwa kwenhlabathi ngokuphelele, hlola izimfanelo nesimo somhlabathi ngokubakhona kwabahlaseli abalithathile. Angithi phela ukhula “luyizinkomba” ezilula zokusabela nezimpawu zenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, imbewu ye-poppy ne-coltsfoot zibonisa inhlabathi ye-alkaline, kanti i-violet tricolor ne-sorrel kukhombisa acidic. I-Dandelion ne-buttercup ezinwabuzelayo zihlala ezindaweni lapho kunezinkinga zokuswakama, kanti nenhlabathi enothile nge-nitrogen inamathelwa ngabahlaseli abanjengezinsimbi ezinhlamvu ezinwabuzelayo, indle kanye ne-nettle.
Ukhula kufanele lukhonjwe ngenhloso eyodwa futhi: kuzodingeka ulwe namakhambi asendle ahlukile ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ukhula lwembewu lusakazeka ngenxa yokusakazeka okusebenzayo kwembewu, kodwa ukhula lwezimpande lunezimpande ezingenakuqhathaniswa, okungelula kangako ukubhekana nazo. Uhlobo lokhula luyinquma ngokuqondile izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula, ngoba ama-herbicides akhethwa ngohlobo lwezimila ezingafuneki.
Okokuqala, udinga ukunakekela izihlahlana nezihlahla okuhloselwe ukususwa, amahlumela awo. Lo ngumsebenzi ongeke ukwazi ukusebenzelana nawo. Futhi usebenzisa isikhathi kunazo zonke izinqubo ezikulesi siza, uvame ukudinga ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe. Kungemva kokuba usubhekane nenkinga ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izinzwa lapho singakwazi ukuqala ukhula futhi sihlanze inhlabathi.
Indawo enganakwa ngaphambi kokususa ukhula kanye nezimila ezingafuneki.
Icebo ngemuva kokuhlanza ukhula kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo.
Izindlela ezintathu zokulawula ukhula:
Imishini
Uma sikhuluma ngendawo encane, ungasusa wonke ukhula nezimpande enhlabathini ngesandla. Lapho ukhula lusatshalaliswa ngokulingana, ezindaweni ezihlanzekile kwanele ukukhulula futhi kungabhuli inhlabathi, kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni ezinkulu ezinganakwa, ukubuyiselwa okuphelele, ukukhethwa kwama-rhizomes kuzodingeka kwenziwe ngemuva kokutshala kwenhlabathi ngemishini. Kepha uma kunethuba lokubhekana nakho ngaphandle kokumba ngokujulile futhi nokuguqula umhlabathi okuncane, ukubhujiswa kwezingqimba zenhlabathi, lapho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe. Sula izindawo ezincane bese uhlukanisa yonke indawo yenkinga ibe izicucu. Ekuqaleni, kungcono ukugunda utshani obuphakeme, endaweni enganakwa ongayenza ngaphandle kokucheba.
Amakhemikhali
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicides ehlelekile futhi ekhethekile kakhulu nemikhiqizo yemvelo yokulwa nokhula ikuvumela ukuthi umboze izindawo ezinkulu futhi unciphise inani lokuzikhandla. Le mishanguzo iyakhethwa, kucatshangelwa izici zezemvelo, imiphumela emibi, umphumela oyifunayo, isikhathi nenombolo yokwelashwa bese uyisebenzisa, ulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo yomenzi. Kepha noma kunjalo, imfucumfucu yezitshalo nezimpande ezivela enhlabathini kuzodingeka zisuswe ngesandla.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe
Esikhundleni sokwelashwa okuningana nge-herbicides, ungenza okukodwa nje ukuvimba ukukhula kokhula, wenze lula inqubo yokutshala inhlabathi ngomshini, noma ukhethe enye indlela yokucindezela ukukhula kotshani obandulela “ukuhlanza” - ukwemboza ngefilimu eminyene, isendlalelo esiphakeme sendawo yokuhlanza ngokuqhubeka nokuhlanza inhlabathi isuka ezimpandeni nasezingcwabeni ngesandla.
Ngokubambisana nokhula, amatshe kanye nokunye okucolile kufanele kususwe emhlabathini.
Ngisho nokukhethwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yezimpande zezitshalo nezinsalela zenhlabathi ngeke zikusindise emsebenzini ngokuzayo. Kodwa ukususwa njalo nangokufika ngesikhathi kokhula abasha eminyakeni elandelayo kuzosiza ukukhohlwa ngokuhlasela kwabo unomphela.
Plot ngaphambi kokuhlanza.
Plot emva kokuhlanza.
Iyacubungula nokwenza ngcono inhlabathi
Ngemuva kokhula, imfucumfucu, izimpande eziyizinsalela ziyasuswa, nenhlabathi isulwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukulungiselela amasimu akamuva futhi kwenziwe ngcono ukwakhiwa kwawo. Uma inhlabathi isikhululekile, ingahlanganisiwe, kungcono ukuthi ungaphinde uphinde ugaye. Ukuvula okulula kuzolondoloza kangcono imvelo yezinto eziphilayo, kuvikele ama-microorganisms, futhi kuvume ukubuyiselwa okusheshayo kokuzala komhlaba.
Ukuqanjwa, izici nenani lomsoco lomhlabathi kumele kuhlolwe, bese kwenziwa ngcono ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:
- Umanyolo we-organic (ibhakede elilodwa nge-skwele ngalinye) kufanele lingezwe emhlabathini ezindaweni ezihlanziwe usebenzisa umquba noma omunye umanyolo ongawuthola.
- Futhi, ingxenye yomanyolo wamaminerali uvame ukungezwa emhlabathini ohloselwe ukutshala ukuhlobisa.
- Uma isiza sethulwa kudala, ngaphambi kokuhlela izinto ezintsha kuso, kungcono ukuhlwanyela umquba oluhlaza, ozosiza ukubuyisela ikhwalithi yenhlabathi.
- Isihlabathi, udaka, i-peat, inhlabathi yamaqabunga, umquba kanye nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kwethulwa ukuze kulungiswe ukusabela kwenhlabathi.
- Emazingeni aphezulu okuvela kwamanzi asemhlabathini, ezindaweni ezinomswakama omningi, kubekwa imishini noma uhlobo lomhlabathi lubhekwe lapho kuhlelwa izinto zasengadini.
Inhlabathi esusiwe, uma isimo sensimu, isimo sezulu, noma ezinye izinto zingakuvumeli masinyane ukuhlela futhi udilize izinto ezintsha, kungcono ukuhlanganisa izithombo zezihlahla. Le nqubo elula izosiza ukucindezela ukukhula kokhula, igcine umswakama futhi ithuthukise izimfanelo zenhlabathi, futhi isheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane eziwusizo kanye namagciwane.
