Ama-Lentils - izakhiwo ezikhulayo nezizuzisayo

Ngesinye isikhathi, ubhontshisi nobhontshisi kududule amalensi emakethe yokudla, nawo angamalungu omndeni wesidumbu. Namuhla, lo mkhiqizo oyingqayizivele (ngandlela thile emakethe yezasekhaya) ubuyela emakhishini ethu.

Imilambo yezimpawu zabo zokuphulukisa nokunambitheka yayaziwa futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni ngisho naseGibhithe Lasendulo, kuthathelwa indawo izinhlobo eziningi zezitsha zemifino. Kwakuthathwa njengokudla kwabacebile futhi kungatholakali kubantu abavamile. Ama-Lentils athandwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zokunambitha, ukukhululeka kanye nesivinini sokulungiselela, ukugcwala komzimba (uzizwe ugcwele) ngaphandle kokuzitika ngokweqile. Siqala ukujwayelana kwethu nalesi siko ngezinto zalo ezizuzisayo.

Oluhlaza oluhlaza okotshani obomvu nobomvu. © Justinc

Izici eziwusizo zelensi

Izinzuzo zokudla okunempilo

Ama-Lentils - umkhiqizo oguqulwa ngezakhi zohlelo lokugaya ukudla komuntu. Inesibalo esikhulu samaprotheni ayinkimbinkimbi nama-carbohydrate, isikhathi eside sinikeza umuzwa wokugcwala. Kukhona ama-250-295 Kcal kuphela ngesitsha segramu sika-100 sikadali. Amaprotheni wokugaya kalula (60% ngesisindo) angayifaka esikhundleni inyama, ikakhulukazi ngokudla. Le proteni idonswa kangcono futhi ishesha, ayihlali ingathinteki ukubola esiswini, idale usizi nephunga elingathandeki lokugoba. Ingxenye yamalobolo igcwalisa isidingo sansuku zonke somuntu omdala se-folic acid ngo-90%.

Kuma-lentle angama-100, okuqukethwe okunamafutha akudluli i-1 g. Ngamafutha amaningi - awungeke wonge amakhilogremu amaningi, kepha ungagcwele, muhle futhi uphilile. Faka esikhundleni se-pasta nezinhlamvu zokudla ngesitsha se-lentil, futhi uzobona ukuthi akunasizathu ukuthi u-Esawu wanikeza ubuzibulo bakhe ngesobho le-lentil.

Ukwazisa izakhiwo eziwusizo zelensi, kwanele ukuthi kubhalwe phansi okuqukethwe ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements kubhontshisi walesi sitshalo: i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-chlorine, isibabule, i-iron, i-zinc, i-aluminium, i-manganese, ithusi, i-selenium, i-cobalt, i-chromium, i-molybdenum , iodine, i-boron, i-silicon, i-nickel, i-titanium.

Amagilebhisi aqukethe amavithamini "A", "PP", "E", "B1", "B2", "B5", "B6", "B9" (folic acid), beta-carotene.

Imililo © Andrea Moro

Isisho esijwayelekile ukuthi i-serotonin itholakala ku-chocolate, futhi isebenza ngokulinganayo kuma-lentil. Ubhontshisi wakhe uqukethe i-amino acid tryptophan, ethi emzimbeni womuntu iguqulwe i-serotonin, okuthiwa "i-Vitamin yenjabulo." ISerotonin ithinta ukuqina kwe-psyche, ukukhuthazela, kunciphisa isikhathi sezimo ezicindezelayo.

Izici zokuphulukisa zelensi

Kungakhathaleki ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezikhulayo, ama-lentils awakaze aqongelele ama-nitrate, ama-nitrites, ama-radionuclides nezinye izinto ezinobuthi empilweni yomuntu.
Izithelo zeLentil ziqinisa izicubu zenhliziyo futhi zibambe iqhaza enqubweni ye-hematopoiesis.
Ushukela wegazi ophansi. Izitsha zeLentil zibaluleke kakhulu kushukela.
Amazambane abunjiwe, amasobho, okusanhlamvu kusetshenziswa ekudleni kokudla ekwelapheni izilonda kanye ne-colitis.
Kumalenti, ngisho nangemva kokucubungula okushisayo, ama-isoflavones agcinwa - izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo yabesifazane. Banomphumela omubi kumaseli womdlavuza obangela umdlavuza webele, anciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezifo zesifo senhliziyo, athuthukise ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi, okuholela ekunciphiseni komfutho wegazi, umsebenzi wokuvimbela iplatelet, njll.

Noma kunjalo, kufaka phakathi i-lentils ekudleni, ungakhohlwa nge-contraindication:

ngezifo zezinso nezinhlelo zohlobo lokuzala,
ngesifo sesibindi,
ngesifo i-dysbiosis kanye nesifo se-emathunjini,
esikhathini esibuhlungu se-hemorrhoids,
nge-gout
Kunganciphisa i-digestibility yamavithamini namaminerali athile.

Khumbula! Konke kusiza ngokulinganisela. Amagilebhisi awadli ngokweqile.

Kungani lolu siko lukhanga futhi kungani kufanele lungeniswe ekuguqukeni kwamasiko ezivandeni zalo nasemadashini alo?

Lentil Botanical Incazelo

I-Lentil ejwayelekile iyisitshalo se-herbaceous saminyaka yonke esinobude obungamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-60. Esikhungweni sokukhula nentuthuko, yakheka isihlahla esiphansi esinamaqabunga amancanyana ahlukaniswe ngo-4, kwesinye isikhathi ngeziqu ezinama-semi noma afakwe ngokuphelele. Iziqu zelensi zibomvu ngombala, zibubende ngezinwele ezimfushane eziqinile. Amaqabunga ayindida eyinkimbinkimbi nenombolo ehlukile yamaqabunga. Esisekelo se-petiole kuyinto elula noma i-branched tendril. Kukhona amasampula, ukwakheka nosayizi wawo (njengamaqabunga) kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Izindebe ze-lentil ezimfushane zithwala izimbali ezincane ezinamakhasi ayi-1-4 ezimhlophe, ezingasho lutho ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo zeLentil zingubhontshisi wesidleke esisodwa, zinamaphiko amabili, zinenhliziyo ende, zithambekele ekuqhekekeni lapho isilimo seqa. Imbewu (izingcezu ezi-1-3) ezithotshisiwe noma eziyindilinga. Isikimu semibala yembewu sakhiwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene: ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, opinki, obomvu, ompunga, onsundu, omnyama, wamaphethini wamachashazi, amabala. Impande ye-lentil incane-ihlotshisiwe.

Imililo, noma ukudla kweLentil, noma i-Lentil kulinyiweI-lenin Ceinaris) - Uhlobo lohlobo lweLentil (Izinwele) I-Legumes (Fabaceae).

Amaleyili ajwayelekile, noma ama-lentils okudla, noma ama-lentil e-cultured (i-Lens culinaris). © ChriKo

Izici Zokuphila Kwama-Lentils

Ama-lentilated akhiqizwayo ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:

amalahle a-coarse-aqoshiwe (ipuleti) asetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo wokudla,
amalensi ezinhlanyelo ezincane, ikakhulukazi eziya ekudleni kwemfuyo, njengokudla okune-protein eningi.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinsalela, amalensi awanciphisi ukushisa. Imbewu imila ngo -3 - + 4 ° С. Izithombo ezisheshayo nezinobungane zivela ngosuku lwe-6-7th lapho inhlabathi ivutha kungqimba lwe-10 cm kuya ku -7 - + 10 ° С. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, izithombo ziyavela ngosuku 8-12. AmaLentil amahlumela amelana neqhwa ukuya ku -3 - -5 ° С. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula lisusela ku- +12 - + 21 ° С.

Ngenxa yokukhula kancane ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, amilensi adinga ukuvikeleka njalo emgudwini nokhula okunomswakama.

Izimbali zeLentil ziqala ngosuku 40-45. Ukusuka kwezimbali kuya ekuvuneni, idlula eminye imidumba emelana nesomiso namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Le ndawo ivumela ukuthi ama-lentel atshalwe ezindaweni eziyomile.

Amagilebhisi akhula kahle futhi akha isivuno esihle kakhulu sokuzala okuphakathi, okusolekayo, nenhlabathi enokuphefumula: isifuba nokukhanya kwe-podzolic, i-loamy, isihlabathi kanye nama-chernozems ajwayelekile aqukethe ku-calcium compounds. Ama-Lentils awakwazi ukubekezelela inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe (chernozems), ngokushintshiselana komoya ophansi, i-acidic, i-alkali, ngokuvela okukhulu komhlaba. Emhlabathini ocebiswe nge-humus ne-nitrogen, yakha inqwaba yezitshalo ezinothile. Ubhontshisi uvuthwa ngokungalingani, ukunambitheka kanye nezinkomba zekhwalithi ziyancishiswa.

Ama-Lentils akha amaqhubu wokulungisa i-nitrogen ezimpandeni, enothisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen.

Ukutshala kweLentil

Ukuze amalensi akhule futhi anikeze isivuno enjabulweni yabaniniwo, kufanele kubhekwe nobunye obukhethekile. Lesi yisiko losuku olude, futhi ngisho nosuku lwamahora angu-9- 10 ngeke luqinisekise ukuthuthuka okujwayelekile, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukwakheka nokuvuthwa kwesitshalo.

Indawo yamaloyili ekushintsheni kwamasiko

Uma ingadi ihlukaniswe imibhede futhi i-oda lokutshala lihlonishwa, khona-ke ama-lentil angamanduleli amahle kakhulu wamazambane, utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, upelepele omnandi, ummbila, izaqathe, ubhekeni, ugalikhi nezinye izitshalo ezingezona ezomlenze. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-lens awafuni kulabo ababengaphambi kwabo, kepha insimu kumele ihlanzeke ukhula. Kungcono ukuyibuyisela endaweni yayo yokuqala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5-6, ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala nokuqongelela ama-nematode enhlabathini.

Imililo © UVictor M. Vicente Selvas

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Njengomhlanganisi we-nitrogen, i-lens azikwazi ukubekezelela okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ibekwe ekushintsheni kwamasiko akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-2-3 ngemuva kokwethulwa komquba. Uma eminyakeni edlule kwenziwa umanyolo wamaminerali kuphela esizeni, khona-ke umhlabathi kufanele ukhiqizwe ukuze kususwe i-acidity eqoqiwe.

Kusukela ekwindla, inhlabathi igcwele i-phosphate (35-40 g / sq. M) kanye ne-potash (20-30 g / sq. M) Umanyolo futhi wembiwa ngokujula kwama-25-30 cm.

Entwasahlobo emhlabathini ophelile, ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ekwindla, kungenzeka ukwengeza ama-20 g / sq. m we-phosphate kanye nomanyolo we-potash. Uma inhlabathi inikezwe izakhi zomzimba, khona-ke entwasahlobo awukwazi ukufaka umanyolo.

Ukwenza amalungiselelo okulungiselela imbewu ye-lentil

Isikhathi sesikhathi sokukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-lentil sisuka ezinyangeni ezi-2,5 kuye kwezingama-4.0 (izinsuku ezingama-75-115). Ukugcina ngaphakathi kwamahora wokukhanya kosuku, kungcono ukuhlumela imbewu ye-lentil ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, okuzonciphisa isikhathi sokukhula ngaphambi kokukhula. Izendlalelo ezi-2-3 zezinto ezithambisa umswakama zimbozwe indawo enzima, enanyiswe ngamanzi afudumele, isabalalisa imbewu engxenyeni ethambile, embozwe ngendwangu emanzi futhi ibekwe endaweni efudumele. Izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku, imfucuza nembewu iswakama. Ngama-boima ama-kilchivaniya imbewu alungele ukuhlwanyelwa.

Ukuhlwanyela

Lapho nje umhlabathi ufudumala ungqimba olungamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya ku-+7 + 8 * C, ungaqala ukutshala izinti. Izilimo zokuqala zakha isivuno esikhulu futhi zibekezelela izifo nezinambuzane ezingcono.

Lapho uhlwanyela, umswakama wenhlabathi ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo eyomile, kungcono ukunisela imisele ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-lentil yenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, kusale ibanga emgqeni we-5-8 cm naphakathi kwemigqa engu-10-15 cm. Ukujula kokubekwa kwembewu ku-avareji angama-5-6 cm. Indawo ehlwanyelwe, ukuze inamathele kangcono enhlabathini, ihlanganiswe kancane. Ama-Shots avela ngosuku lwe-7-12.

Ukugqoka kwamaLentil

Emhlabathini ongavundile, ama-lentilandi adliwa kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala badla ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Owesibili - lapho kulayishwa ubhontshisi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo "i-AVA" yokugqoka ephezulu, equkethe izinhlobo zamanzi ezincibilikayo zephosphorous nezinto eziyi-9 zokulandela, kubandakanya i-boron ne-molybdenum. Ukuntuleka kwalezi zinto ezilandelwayo kubangela ukufa kwephuzu lokukhula kusiqu sesiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuntuleka kwe-molybdenum, amandla amagciwane okufaka i-nitrogen emoyeni futhi ayilungiselele emiqhudelwaneni ezimpandeni, bese kuthi embewini, anciphe. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ama-lentils, ungenza ne-200-300 g / pog. m yokhuni lomlotha emgcekeni wokulima okuhle Umanyolo we-AVA ungasetjenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwentwasahlobo emhlabathini esikhundleni se-phosphorus-potash.

Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Lentil Nokunisela

Ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokukhula kubandakanya ukugcina inhlabathi ihlala ikhululekile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amalensi avela ku-wiki kufanele asuswe ukhula, avale ukutshala kwezitshalo. Ukuzihlukanisa kulula kakhulu. Izimbali eziku-wiki zibomvana obomvana, obomvu-ubomvu, futhi amilethini amhlophe futhi akhanyayo apinki.

Nisela amaleyili kuze kube ukuqhakaza kancane futhi uma kunesidingo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kweziningi, isiko lihlinzekwa ngenani elanele lomswakama, kepha alifakwanga amanzi, ngoba lokhu kuholela ezifweni zokuvuvukala nezigciwane zohlelo lwezimpande futhi kwakhiwa ubhontshisi. Kamuva, ama-lentils empeleni awadingi ukuthanjiswa.

Ukuvikelwa kwezindlebe ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni

Ama-Lentils ajwayele ukulinyazwa kakhulu yizikhunta nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngomswakama omningi womoya (i-ascochitosis, i-fusarium, ukugqwala, i-powdery hlobo, i-anthracnose, njll.). Izinambuzane - Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-aphid, i-gamma scoop, i-meadow moth, i-lentil kernel, njll. Izindlela zokuvikela eziphambili ukuqaliswa okulungile futhi okufika ngesikhathi kuzo zonke izindlela ze-agrotechnical lapho kuhlwanyelwa futhi unakekela isivuno.

Kumalungiselelo okwelapha izitshalo, kuvunyelwe kuphela amalungiselelo emvelo. Amalungiselelo emvelo afana ne-phytosporin-M, Alirin-B, trichodermin, trichophyt aphumelela ikakhulukazi ekulweni nezifo nezinambuzane. Imithamo nezikhathi zokwelashwa zikhonjiswa ezincomweni zomuthi ngamunye. Imikhiqizo yemvelo ingasetshenziswa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, kuze kufike ekuvuneni. Akunangozi ngokuphelele kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Ukuvunwa nokugcinwa kwelenti

Ubhontshisi we-Lentil uvuthwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuvuthwa kuqala ngamabhontjisi aphansi. Lapho ubhontshisi uvuthwa ngo-2/3 esihlahleni, ungaqala ukuvuna. Amabheshu athenwa emazingeni aphansi, ashiye izimpande enhlabathini. Amabhisikidi e-Lentil ayavunwa ekuseni ngenxa yamazolo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kusuka kubhontshisi wokuqhekeka. Ahlanganiswe nezixhaxha ezincane futhi amiswe ngaphansi kophahla ekulobeni ukuze zome. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, baqala ukubhula.

Izinhlamvu ze-lentil ezibunjiwe zihlanza ukungcola, zomiswe elangeni bese zipakishwa ngokushesha ngengilazi noma ezitsheni zensimbi bese zivaliwe ngokuqinile kusuka kumswakama. Ubhontshisi yi-hygroscopic, uthola umswakama ngokushesha, uqala ukubumba nokubola. Uma ubhontshisi ugcinwa emabhokisini amakhadibhodi noma esikhwameni se-canvas, kungcono ukuwabeka egumbini elimnyama, elipholile, elomile elinomoya omuhle.