Ngenxa yokuhweba komhlaba kanye nentuthuko esheshayo yokugeleza komgwaqo, namuhla singazijabulisa izithelo zezitshalo ezingakhuli ezimweni zethu zezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abanye babo babezithanda kakhulu kangangokuba bangena ngokuqinile ekudleni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Futhi yini esiyaziyo ngokuthi lezi “zitsha zaphesheya” zikhula kanjani?
I-peduncle, ekhule ngesimo sethanga (leyo ibizwa nge-apple-kazhu). Ukusuka ngezansi, izithelo zangempela yi-cashew nati.
Ukushicilelwa kwethu kuzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izithelo eziyimikhiqizo engu-15 eyaziwa yibo bonke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye zazo, ngokombono wokubuka i-biology, azithathwa njengezithelo.
1. Caper
AmaphephaAmaphepha, ngokwesibonelo, akuzona izithelo nhlobo, kepha amaqabunga angahlutshiwe wesitshalo se-herbaceous prote prickly. Uma uzivumela ukuba ziqhakaze, ungathanda ukubabaza izimbali ezimhlophe zobuhle obumangalisayo, bese ukhetha izithelo. Kuliqiniso, zithathwa njengezinambitheki kangako kunama-efiji, ngakho-ke, imvamisa, lapho sithenga izingcwecwe zekheni, asikuthengi ukuqhakaza imbali efihlekile.
Ukuqoqwa kwe-caper spiny buds.
Isilondolozi esinobuhlalu yisitshalo esinamandla ngokwedlulele. Izimpande zalo zifinyelela emanzini asemhlabathini, zikhula zibe ngamamitha angama-20, ubude bamagatsha lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Uhlala emvelweni ematsheni, emijondolo yezindonga, ngakho-ke uletha inkathazo enkulu kwizikhumbuzo zesakhiwo sezwe lakhe ezweni lakubo - eCentral Asia. Ikhule ngezinga lezimboni namuhla, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseMedithera aseYurophu, okudla okugcwele kuyo okugcwele ezitsheni ezinabakhaphi. Kwiresiphi yasekuqaleni yesaladier eyaziwayo yase-Olivier, ngendlela, iziqobelo zisetshenziswa, hhayi ukhukhamba. Endle, ikhula eCaucasus, eCrimea, eKazakhstan.
2. Amakhiwane
Amakhiwane, izithelo zomkhiwane.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo amakhiwane kubhekwa njengeNdiya neMedithera. Lezi zithelo zikhula ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezihlahla noma ezihlahleni ezinkulu, zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayishumi. Eduze nolwandle, izihlahla zomkhiwane noma izihlahla zamakhiwane (amanye amagama amakhiwane) zakha iziqu ezingafinyeleleki. Imithambeka eseningizimu yezintaba nayo iyazithanda lezi zitshalo, lapho zingakhula khona zibe ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Amakhiwane, noma i-Fig, noma i-Fig Tree (i-Ficus carica).
E-Russia, amakhiwane atshalwa kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kanti izimboni ezinkulu zezimboni zezihlahla zamakhiwane zitholakala eTurkey, Greece, Tunisia, South America, Portugal nase-Italy. Lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli isithwathwa esingaphansi kuka-12 degrees Celsius. Kepha amakhiwane angatshalwa ngempumelelo ekhaya, njengesiko lokuhlobisa. Izihlahla zamakhiwane abunjiwe zikhula zingaphansi kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwamane.
Funda ngokuthi ungalima kanjani amakhiwane esihlokweni: Amakhiwane angamakhi ewayinini.
3. IPapaya
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zePapayaIsihlahla soMelon, isitshalo okuthiwa lesi sihlahla esikhula kuzo izithelo zikapaya, sivela eMelika Ephakathi naseMexico. IPapaya ayikubekezeleli amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-zero, ngisho noma ephansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ikhula kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo. Lesi sitshalo sifana nesihlahla sesundu, kepha akunjalo. Lesi sihlahla siphakeme ngamamitha ayi-15. Ububanzi besibaya ngaphakathi kwesiqu esisisekelo bungamasentimitha angama-30, kanti amagatsha asebusweni awekho ngokuphelele.
I-papaya ekhulayo, noma umuthi we-melon emasimini (i-Carica papaya).
Amaqabunga ePapaya akhiwa esiqongweni sesiqu kuphela futhi angakhula afike kuma-90 cm ubude. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinezimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zobulili olulodwa kuphela zivame ukukhula emthini owodwa. Kepha phakathi kokushisa okuphezulu kwehlobo, ubulili bezimbali bungashintsha kusuka kowesifazane kuya kowesilisa nowokuphikisana.
4. IBrazil nati
IBrazil nati.
IBrazil nati yisihlahla esikhula emahlathini asendle aseBrazil, futhi nasePeru, eColombia, eBolivia naseVenezuela. Lesi sitshalo sinezici ezimbili, ezifana nezithelo zaso, ezifanelwe ukunakwa okukhulu. Okokuqala, iBertolite (elinye igama layo) ngesinye sezitshalo ezinkulu emhlabeni wethu. Ekuphakameni, ifinyelela kumamitha angama-30-45, futhi ububanzi besiqu se-nati yaseBrazil bungaba amamitha amabili. Okwesibili, lesi sihlahla siyisibindi eside ngokuphelele. Yize kukholelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi iBartoletia ihlala isigamu seminyaka eyinkulungwane kuphela, amaBrazil athi lesi sihlahla sikhula futhi sithela iminyaka kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1000. Futhi ngisho nezibonelo ezinjalo zikhonjiswa kubavakashi, yize, kunjalo, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwalolu lwazi.
Bertoletia, iBrazil nati (Bertholletia).
Enye into eseBrithani nati, ithela izithelo endle kuphela. Futhi izitshalo ezicebe kakhulu azivunwa hhayi eBrazil, njengoba umuntu angacabanga, kodwa eBolivia. Isithelo ngokwaso sibukeka njengebhokisi elikhulu, sifinyelela ku-15 cm ubukhulu namakhilogremu amabili esisindo. Futhi okubizwa ngokuthi amantongomane kungubumba walesi sithelo.
5. I-Pitahaya (isithelo sedrako)
I-Pitahaya (isithelo sikadrako).
Izithelo zedrako zikhula kukakhokho. Kuliqiniso, akujwayelekile. I-Pitahaya i-creeper enobuhlakani, ekhule ngempumelelo namuhla eCentral naseNingizimu Melika, e-Australia naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-cacti athela kakhulu - kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa lokutshala ngonyaka, ungathola amathani angamashumi amathathu wesilimo. UPitahaya uthela izithelo kuze kube eziyisithupha ngonyaka!
Ukutshala kwe-gilocereus, izitshalo ezikhiqiza i-pitahaya.
Okunye ukufaka lesi sitshalo, okusinika lezi zithelo ezimnandi ngepulpula elimnandi kakhulu, liqhakaza kuphela ebusuku. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezinkulu zinephunga elimnandi kakhulu eliphikelelayo.
6. Wasabi
U-Wasabi unama kanye nomsuka we-eutrem waseJapan.
Isitshalo semvelo sama-herbaceous sase-Japan esi-eutrem, esivela kunembeza wazo lapho silungiselela khona ukuthambekela komhlaba okudumile ngokudla kwaseJapan - wasabi, sikhula size sifike kumamitha ukuphakama. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-rhizome ngokwayo ikhula kancane, ifinyelele phezulu, ithola ubude be-3 cm ngonyaka. Izimpande zithathwa njengokuvuthwe kuphela ngonyaka we-3 - 4. U-Wasabi udume kakhulu ngokuthi iJapaner eyi-horseradish, yize lesi sitshalo sinokufana kakhulu ne-horseradish - singamalungu omndeni owodwa.
Wasabi, noma u-Eutrema Japanese (Eutrema japonicum).
Enye into ye-wasabi - i-rhizome ezingxenyeni ezihlukene inokubukhali obuhlukile. Kepha lokhu kuyisici se-wasabi yangempela - isitshalo esikhula kuphela emanzini agobhozayo asuka ezintabeni. Imifino etshalwe engadini ayinayo ingxenye yeshumi yezakhiwo ezizuzisayo "i-honwasabi" (njengoba amaJapane eyibiza ngokuthi yi-wasabi yangempela), kodwa i-wasabi engadini enjalo ibiza kancane.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-euterma yaseJapan - wasabi, funda lo mbhalo: I-Eutrem Japanese - "washer Japanese" yaseJapan.
7. IsiTurmeric
I-Turmeric Root ne Powder eyomileIsitshalo se-turmeric esingapheli esiqhamuka emndenini we-ginger singafinyelela ukuphakama okufika kumitha elilodwa. Ngokwesilinganiso sezimboni, sikhule namuhla eJapan naseChina, eNdiya naseIndonesia. I-Turmeric ithathwa njengokuthambekela okuthandwa kakhulu kulezi zingxenye.
Isitshalo seTurmeric (Curcuma)Ukulungiselela izinongo, kusetshenziswa kuphela i-rhizome yesafroni yaseNdiya (igama lesibili lesitshalo), kodwa isitshalo uqobo sihlobisa kakhulu. Izimbali ezincane zihlanganiswa zibe zinkulu (kufika ku-20 cm ubude) ama-inflorescence futhi ziqhosha ngama-bracts amahle kakhulu. Isihlahla esisodwa se-turmeric (amaqabunga amade akhula ngokuqondile emhlabathini) angaba nama-inflorescence ambalwa anjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza kwe-turmeric kukude kakhulu - kufinyelela ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sinalo sitshalo luthola ukuthandwa ezindlini zezimbali.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-turmeric, funda i-athikili: Izinhlobo ze-Cheeky ze-turmeric ekhaya.
8. Thanda
Amakhefu ayisinongo.
Isinongo se-clove esidume umhlaba wonke akuyona indawo yezimbali eziqhakazayo zesihlahla esikhulu esihlala sikhula (ukuphakama - kuze kufinyelele kumamitha angama-20), esikhula ikakhulu eziqhingini zasePemba naseMadagascar. Ingxenye yesithathu yezinto zokuphola zomzimba zivela lapho.
Ama-Buds (ama-buds) e-clove (Syzygium aromaticum)Amabhulogi futhi, ngokulandelana, "ama-bears buds" ama-clove kabili ngonyaka. Inqubo yokuhlangana kwabo ilula, ngakho-ke lesi sinongo asibizi. Ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa, ama-clove nawo ayatshalwa, kepha lokhu kuyinqubo enzima. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunakekelwa ezinye izitshalo ezifuywayo ezihlukile.
9. I-Avocado
Izithelo ze-AvocadoNgokuya kwebhayoloji, ukwatapheya yi-drupe berry. Ikhula esihlahleni esishisayo esihlala njalo sinomqhele obanzi nokuphakama okungafika kumamitha ayi-15. Abalimi abaningi bahlala behlanza izihlahla ze-avocado cishe ngamamitha ayi-5 ukwenza lula ukuvuna.
Ama-inflorescences nezithelo ze-avocado egatsheni lesihlahla i-Persea american (Persea americana).
Isimanga sezithelo ze-avocado ukuthi azikaze zivuthwe ngokuphelele esihlahleni. Ngemuva kokuqoqa izithelo, kudlula okungenani amasonto angama-1-2, lapho zifinyelela esimweni esithandwa ngaso ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ngakho-ke, uma uthenge i-avocado engavuthiwe - lokhu kujwayelekile. Vele ubeke kwikhabethe elimnyama izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakhula kanjani ukwatapheya ukwelashwa ngama-avocados, bheka lesi sihloko: Izimfihlo zokukhula ukwatapheya ekhaya.
10. Upelepele omnyama
I-pepper emnyama: eluhlaza, yomiswa ngaphandle kwe-peel futhi yomiswe nge-peel.
Isinongo esivame kakhulu emhlabeni uMhlaba upelepele omnyama. Lezi izithelo zomuntu ongapheli esihlahleni somuthi owuhlaza upelepele womndeni.
I-Malabar berry (ebizwa nangokuthi upelepele omnyama) ikhula emahlathini ashisayo, izihlahla ezisontekile futhi ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ubude. Ngezimboni zezimboni, upelepele omnyama ukhule kuma-trellises akhethekile noma kusekela.
Ukutshala kokukhula upelepele omnyama (Piper nigrum).
Ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa, izithelo zesitshalo ziluhlaza, zimnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zithola iphunga elithe xaxa. Uma amajikijolo esedlulile, ikhasi liyasuswa kuwo, lishiya umongo omhlophe kuphela. I-pepper emnyama enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi "mhlophe" iyathengiswa. Ukunambitheka kwayo akubukhali kangako, kepha iphunga likhulu ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakhula kanjani upelepele omnyama, funda i-athikili: I-Pepper emnyama, noma i- "Malabar berry."
11. IQuinoa
Imbewu ye-QuinoaIsitshalo se-quinoa sibukeka ngotshani obude. Ikhula ifinyelela kumamitha amane, inesiqu esinzima samagatsha, amaqabunga amakhulu ayindilinga kanye nama-inflorescence amakhulu. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zithi isiko leli yi-pseudo-okusanhlamvu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegobolondo elinzima ku-fetus. Namuhla, amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-quinoa ayaziwa, kodwa amathathu kuphela awo akhule ngokuthengisa.
Amahlathi eQuinoa.
I-Quinoa ifakazelwe njengeyisisekelo sokudla kwamaNdiya asendulo. "Okusanhlamvu okuGolide", njengoba abakwa-Incas bekubiza, ababheka lezi zithelo njengezibalulekile njengamazambane kanye nommbila. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, i-quinoa yathandwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yabalandeli bokudla okunempilo. Kodwa-ke, lo mkhiqizo kumele uphathwe ngokucophelela ekudleni kwakho: yi-allergen eqinile.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayitshala kanjani i-quinoa, funda lesi sihloko: IQuinoa yisiko lokudla engadini yakho.
12. UVanilla
I-Vanilla powder kanye nemidumba.
I-vanilla yangempela ayihlangene kakhulu noshukela we-vanilla noma we-vanilla, esiwuthengayo ezitolo ezinkulu zokubhaka. Kuyabiza ngokungajwayelekile, ngoba ukulima kwabo kunzima kakhulu, kanti nezilimo zincanyana - inani elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha amabili ngehektha ngalinye. I-Vanillin ingumkhiqizo wezimboni zamakhemikhali, kanti i-vanilla iyizithelo ezomisiwe neziyimpuphu zemivini yomndeni wama orchid.
I-Vanilla orchid (Vanilla): imbali, aluhlaza okotshani omisiwe.
Lesi sitshalo, sizungeza isihlahla, sikhuphuka size ngamamitha ayi-15. Isiqu se-vanilla sincane impela, futhi amaqabunga anamanzi futhi ayicaba, mude futhi aweleki. Zikhula ngokushesha kusuka kusiqu, esingakhi. Izimbali ze-vanilla ziyaqhakaza zingadluli ngosuku olulodwa. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, i-ovary itholakala kuphela ngenyanga yesi-7 - 9! Izithelo ze-vanilla ziyisilinda esincanyana esidotshwa cishe esingama-25 cm ubude nesigamu cm ububanzi sinembewu encane ngaphakathi. Ubunzima nge-vanilla ekhulayo buhambisana, okokuqala, nezinkinga zokungcoliswa kwayo. Ngokudabukisayo, endle ingavukelwa impova uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-hummingbird nezinyosi zohlobo olufanayo, ezihlala eMexico kuphela. Ngezimboni zezimboni, i-vanilla ivinjelwa impova ngesandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ibhulashi ekhethekile. Le yinqubo ende futhi ayisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ingxenye kuphela yezimbali impova eyenziwe ngendlela yokufakelwa enikeza i-ovary.
13. Ujinja
Izimpande ze-gingerUmuthi ongasoze wabuna onamaqabunga amade amancanyana kanye ne-rhizome ebalulekile - i-ginger - manje awubonwa endle. Esikudlayo yisitshalo esitshalwa ikakhulu emasimini eNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Izimbali ze-ginger zifana kancane nerises ezijwayelekile.
Isitshalo se-ginger ekhemisi esembiwe nezimpande (Zingiber officinale).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngeNkathi Ephakathi, i-ginger yalethwa eYurophu, lapho yaduma khona njengeyona ndlela evimbayo yokulwa nobhubhane. Intengo yayo ibimane imnandi. Ekuphekeni, i-ginger yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunomuthi.
Funda ngokuthi ukhula kanjani ginger esihlokweni: Ginger - isithokelo nomuthi. Izindlela Zokukhula.
14. I-Pistachios
I-PistachiosSijwayele ukucabanga ngama-pistachios njengamantongomane, yize isayensi yeBotany ithi lezi yizimbewu zezithelo - amaconsi. Zikhula ezihlahleni ezincane, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izihlahla ezinomqhele omnyama. Izihlahla zemithi iPistachio ziqhakaza ngo-Ephreli, izithelo zivuthwa ngoSepthemba-Novemba, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zesifunda.
Ukutshala kwe-pistachio yangempela, noma isihlahla sepistachio (Pistacia vera)Endle, ama-pistachios akhula cishe kuyo yonke indawo e-Asia, ezindaweni eziseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika. Uhlobo lweSyria, iMesopotamia, i-Iran kanye neCentral America lunothile ngama-pistachios. Lezi zitshalo zitshalwa eningizimu yeYurophu.
Izihlahla zePistachio zingamakhulu eminyaka. Kukholelwa ukuthi ezimweni ezivumayo baphila okungenani iminyaka engama-400.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ama-pistachios akhula kanjani ku-athikili: Akhula kanjani ama-pistachios?
15. Cinnamon
Izinti zesinamoni kanye ne-sinamoni powderIsinongo se-sinamoni akusona isithelo, kepha ingxenye eyomile yangaphakathi yegxolo lesihlahla se-sinamoni seCeylon, esingowomndeni we-laurel nomndeni wesinamoni. Ukutshala okutshaliwe kwesinamoni kubukeka njengamahlathi esihlahla somhluzi. Kabili ngonyaka, amagxolo asuswa amahlumela amasha okutshala. Lokhu kuyindaba enzima kakhulu. Okokuqala, udinga ukulinda kuze kuphele inkathi yemvula, khona-ke ukukhipha amagxolo akunzima kangako futhi iphunga lakhona liyigcwele kunawo wonke. Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuyisusa ngemichilo ngamapharamitha aqondile wobude nobubanzi - 30 cm no-1-2 cm, ngokulandelana.
Umuthi wesinamoni omncane.
ISri Lanka ithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yesinamoni, kepha namuhla ikhula yonke indawo eNdiya, eBrazil kanye nasemazweni aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Izinhlobo ezihle kakhulu zesinamoni kaCeylon yilezo ezinamagxolo obukhulu bephepha.
