I-zenith yehlobo isifikile, futhi zonke izitshalo zifuna ukuzenza zaziwe. Izimbali, lokhu kulandela ukuzala. Qhakaza, ondla imbewu ngobungqabavu bese uyangena emthunzini, unikeze isizukulwane esisha. ISalvia ivula ukwethuka kwayo kwezimbali ezinobukhulu ekuphakameni kwehlobo, lapho izinambuzane ze-pollinator ezine-proboscis ende zisebenza kakhulu. Ngezimbali zayo ezinqobayo, kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyathandeka. Ungakhula kanjani i-salvia, udale ukwakheka?
Umsuka nokutshala i-salvia
ISalvia ne-sage bangumndeni owodwa we-cinquefoil. Igama lembali lihunyushwa njengophawu lokusebenziseka kwalo - ukuba ngumqemane. Ukusebenziseka kwesihlahla se-sage kuyaziwa ngabaningi. Kusetshenziselwe izinjongo zokwelapha kusukela eGibhithe lasendulo. ISalvia ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezinamadlozi ajwayelekile nge-sage. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eYurophu, i-sage ibizwa ngokuthi i-salvia.
Isitshalo ezinhlotsheni eziningi siyatshalwa futhi siyisitshalo sasendle ngobukhulu beMelika naseYurophu. Uhlobo oluningi lumelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ezingama-900. Phakathi kwe-salvia kukhona nohlobo lwe-hallucinogenic. Isitshalo sithanda izindawo ezikhanyayo nenhlabathi ekhanyayo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-salvia
Ukudonswa komhlaba kwe-Urban akunakukwenza ngaphandle kwe-salvia ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:
- ISalvia iqhakaza ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele kuze kube yiqhwa.
- Isitshalo esihle somhlobiso asikhulisi futhi sibamba ukwakheka okuhle.
- Ukungcola igesi kusuka kwezokuhamba akuthinti ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo.
- Ukukhetha imibala ehlukahlukene yama-inflorescence, ungakha noma ikuphi ukwakheka.
Kepha abalimi abaqala ukuhlwanyela i-salvia ekhaya lapho ubusika buvele busithanda ngokuphelele lesi sitshalo. Ngaphezu kombala obomvu onqobayo, ama-panicles ase-salvia athambile ngamathoni ahlukahlukene. Ungenza ukufika kwamazinga amaningi, ukhetha i-salvia ngokuya ngokuma kwezihlahla. Kepha isigaba esikhulu sokuthola izimbali ezinde sizoba ukutshala izithombo ze-salvia.
Ukutshala kanjani i-salvia kuzithombo futhi kanjani futhi nini
Isitshalo esivela kumbewu siqhakaza ngenyanga yesine, ngakho-ke sikhule ngesiko lonyaka kuphela ngokuhlwanyela ngoFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Imbewu yeSalvia ingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile, noma ungazitholela yona. Zivuthiwe ngemuva kokuba lembali iwe ngezinsuku ezingama-50. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuthatha iminyaka emi-5.
Kusengcono ukuthenga imbewu yokuhlukahluka ezitolo ezikhethekile
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, kubalulekile ukulungiselela umhlaba wezithombo. Kufanele kube lula futhi kube nokudla okunempilo. Emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela i-salvia yezithombo, inhlabathi kumele iphathwe ngokuqanjwa okuthuthukisa izinqubo zemvelo emhlabeni wokulala. Hlikihla umhlaba, uthambisa bese wenza isipuni ebhakedeni lomhlaba wezidakamizwa i-EM-1 Baikal. Emavikini amabili, umhlaba ofudumele uyozala, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, kuzophuma izithombo zokhula ezinjengokhula, imbewu yazo emhlabeni ophilayo izoqandeka ngokungenakuvinjwa.
Beka ibhokisi ngenhlabathi elungiselelwe epallet, lizinga bese uhlwanyela imbewu encane ye-salvia exutshwe nesihlabathi ukuze usatshalaliswe. Ukuze ucindezele imbewu emhlabathini, yomisa inhlabathi ngesifutho esihle esivela phezulu bese umboza ingaphezulu ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama. Ukutshala nokunakekela i-salvia ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu kuyanquma ukuthola izithombo ezinempilo kahle.
Amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo somhlaba ngalesi sikhathi, ukuvimba ukoma ukuthi ungashisi. Ukunisela kumele kwenziwe ngepani. Umhlaba ngezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ugcwele umswakama, bese ukhipha amanzi epanini ukuze kungabikho umswakama owedlulele.
Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, vimbela ukwelula izitshalo zibe yintambo nendawo yokuhlala.
Izithombo ezisesiteji se-cotyledon zingelula uma zisendaweni enomthunzi noma ngamazinga okushisa aphakeme ebusuku. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukwengeza umhlaba kuhluma ngalunye, ukuvimbela ukuwa kwalo. Ukunisela ukuhola ngaphandle wetting blade iqabunga. Lapho kukhula izithombo ze-salvia kusuka imbewu, le nkathi ibhekwa njengeyiyona ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukugqamisa, izinga lokushisa elincishisiwe lizokuvumela ukuthi uthole izithombo eziqinile esiteji sokuqala sokutshala
Ukuthathwa kwe-salvia kusuka enhlanyelweni kumele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili noma ngaphezulu, ngenkathi kumila ihlumela kube ngamaqabunga e-cotyledon. Ukhetho lokuqala lungaba esitsheni esijwayelekile kude ne-5 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukuncipha kwesibili kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngenyanga ezinkomweni ezihlukile, kunomthamo omuhle wethambo lobumba, ngoba kufanele zikhule zingakapheli inyanga nesigamu.
Ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukufaka umanyolo i-salvia ngokukhulisa izithombo kuzokhombisa isimo sezitshalo. Uma isihlahla singakhuli kahle, ungasondla ngesakhiwo samaminerali wezimbali ezisezingeni eliphansi. Kepha ekufakweni ngakunye, kusetshenziswa umhlaba ovundile futhi ukondliwa kufanele kube kwenele.
Lapho utshala futhi unakekela i-salvia, kudingeka ubangele ukuhlwanyelwa kwesitshalo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamabili amaqabunga ama-3-4 amaqabunga angempela, phezulu kufanele kubhobokiwe ukunikeza ithuba lokuqala ukuthuthukisa amahlumela we-axillary. Ngaso leso sikhathi, hlela iziqukathi ezinezitshalo ukuze kungaboli. Kusukela ukuphela kuka-Ephreli, izinga lokushisa ebusuku lehliselwa kuma-degree ayi-10, lafaka i-salvia ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze sikhule izithombo ze-salvia kusuka kwimbewu, imibandela elandelayo kufanele ihlangatshezwe:
- lungiselela umhlaba ovundile nembewu yekhwalithi;
- qaphela umbuso wokushisa nezimo zokukhanyisa ngesikhathi ngasinye sokukhula;
- vimbela ukwanda ngokweqile kanye nokuswakama ngokweqile komhlaba;
- ngesikhathi sokunciniswa kwesitshalo.
Ukutshala izithombo zeSalvia emhlabathini
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-salvia endaweni evulekile iqukethe ekukhetheni indawo efanelekile yombhede wezimbali noma i-rabatka. Indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, inhlabathi ilula futhi ivundile, inomthamo omuhle womswakama. Ukuze kube nokuqhakaza okufushane, ungangeza umquba we-phosphorus-potash ngendlela esheshayo. Lapho ufika, engeza isivakashi somlotha, isipuni se-superphosphate kanye nelitha lezinto eziphilayo ezibozwe kahle. Dlulisela ngokucophelela isihlahla emhlabathini bese sijula kancane. Thela ngamanzi afudumele bese umboza elangeni izinsuku eziningana, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sinezimpande noma isitshalo esimweni sezulu esinamafu.
Izitshalo zibekwa ku-20-30 cm ngokuya ngobude besihlahla nokuthambekela kwalo egatsheni. Ukunisela izitshalo kuyinto elinganiselayo, lapho omisa ngokweqile umhlaba ukhehla, ukunisela okushaja amanzi kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa kuphela. Ukuqhakaza kwesitshalo kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-100 kuya kwezingu-20 ngemuva kokuhluma futhi kuyeki kuze kube yiqhwa. Izimbali zizoba ziningi uma zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokwandisa ukugqokeka kokungavikeleki okuphezulu okusekelwe kumuthi i-EM-1 Baikal.
Izinambuzane nezifo zezitshalo.
ISalvia ayithintwa yizifo fungal. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo kuzodingeka silwe kuphela nezinambuzane ezisixazulule. Izinambuzane zingama-whiteflies kanye nama-thrips. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala i-salvia kufanele kungagcinwa kude nemifino, ngoba ngemuva kwalokho i-whitefly nayo izohlala kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sage ingahlala ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu. Izitshalo zomhlobiso ziyahlupheka. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa eziqinile ezingcono ukuthi ungazisebenzisi kumifino ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Iminenke kanye nama-slugs bathanda ukudla amahlamvu athambile e-salvia. Uma bekhona engadini, khona-ke kuzoba kuhle hhayi ukuthi izimbali zibabambe. Indlela yakudala yezicupho ezivela kubhungane kanye nesaladi, ebekwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla izosiza. Kepha esitsheni esinobhiya kanye nojusi wezithelo obilisiwe, ngisho nama-mollusks angomakhelwane angakhasa.
