I-Afelandra (Aphelandra), noma i-Afelandra, isitshalo esinezimbali zomndeni wakwa-Acanthus. Emvelweni, leli siko lingatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika. Igama lesitshalo esinjalo sakhiwa kusuka ezingxenyeni zezimpande zolimi lwesiGrikhi, okusho ukuthi "umuntu olula", ngoba imbali enjalo inama-anthers alula ahlala isidleke esisodwa. Loluhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-200, ezinye zazo zitshalwa ekhaya.
Izici ze-Afelandra
Ezimweni zasendle, i-aselander iyisitshalo se-herbaceous perennial or shrub underers, ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-200, kepha ngokwesiko lekamelo alidluli amasentimitha angama-70. Amapuleti amaqabunga amnyama acwebezelayo amnyama acwebezelayo noma abushelelezi, amabanga aphakathi nendawo nabanzi, anombala okhilimu, omhlophe noma wesiliva. Ngobubanzi, izimbali zifinyelela ku-20 mm, zinama-broker amakhulu amakhulu amaqabunga anamaqabunga, ngezinye izikhathi zinombala ocebile futhi ziyingxenye yokukhanya kokugcina kwendlela enjenge-spike-like noma ifomu eyenziwe ngophayini, futhi futhi inekorolla enezindebe ezimbili - obomvu, owolintshi, olilac noma ophuzi. Izindebe ezingaphezulu zezimbali zinezinyawo ezimbili, kanti ezansi zinezinyawo ezintathu. Imbali engaphakathi enjalo ayibalulekile nje kuphela ngoba inezimbali ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinde, kodwa futhi inamapuleti amakhulu amaqabunga amahle.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Afelandra ekhaya
Izwe lase-aselander liyizindawo ezishisayo ezihlobene nalokhu, ukuze zivame ukukhula futhi zikhule, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimo ezidaliwe ziseduze nemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ungasinakekela kanjani isitshalo esinjalo kahle.
Le mbali idinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle. Ebusika, kufanele ibekwe efasiteleni lesimo esiseningizimu, kanti ehlobo, lapho imisebe yelanga isha kakhulu, isitshalo sidinga umbala ophelele futhi okhanyayo. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo singadluliselwa emgaqweni, kepha kulokhu kuzodinga ukuvikeleka ngokuthembekile emisebeni yomoya, imisebe yelanga eqondile nokushona kwezulu.
Le mbali iyi-thermophilic futhi ikhula kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa amakamelo (ukusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees). Ebusika, leli siko lizizwa lihle ebangeni elipholile, kepha izinga lokushisa akufanele lihle ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-16. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala ngokukhula ngokushesha futhi ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, amapuleti awo asezingeni eliphansi ayafa bese isihlahla siba sihle kakhulu.
Ukuze wenze isihlahla sikhule, faka amasu eziqu zawo ngokuhlelekile. Ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaFebhuwari, amahlahla amadala agawulwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini entsha, kuyilapho kuphela i-hemp kuphela okufanele isale esiqwini, ukuphakama kwawo kufanele kube amamitha ayi-0.3. Ukuze isitshalo esinjalo siphinde sibuye sisukule isikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokuthenwa, kusuka ku-sprayer.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Isiko elinjalo lihlukaniswa imvelo yalo yokuthanda umswakama; kulokhu, ingxube yenhlabathi ethangini kufanele ihlale inomswakama kancane. Kepha awukwazi kakhulu futhi manzi ngokweqile ukumanzisa. Ngokunisela kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amanzi ancibilikisiwe, abilisiwe, ahluziwe noma ahleliwe kahle.
Indawo yasekhaya, njengabanye abamele izihlambi zemvula, idinga umoya omanzi kakhulu. Ukuze umoya ungene egumbini okwakukhona umswakama odingekayo, ungasebenzisa umswakama kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ungamanzanisa umoya ngendlela ehlelekile egumbini ukusuka kwisifutho noma isitsha sifakwe ephaketheni eligcwele ubumba olunwebekile noma ngamatshe abunjiwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isitshalo esinjalo sidinga umanyolo ohlelekile ohlelekile. Amahlathi aqala ukondla entwasahlobo, bese kuphela lapho aqhakaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali owenzelwe izimbali ezifuywayo eziqhakazayo. Amabhasi kufanele ondliwe izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 emavikini ama-4. Ebusika, le mbali ayidingi umanyolo.
Ukufakelwa
Lapho uhlakulela lesi sitshalo ezimweni zamakamelo, kufanele kutshalwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Entwasahlobo, izihlahla ezincane kufanele zidluliselwe kudluliselwe ebhodweni elisha. Amabhishi abantu abadala adinga ukufakelwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3 noma emi-4.
Okokuqala, ukudonsa kuthululelwa phansi kwembiza, kufanele kuthathe i-1/3 yevolumu yetangi. Ukwakheka kwesiqeshana esilungele ukufakelwa: i-peat, inhlabathi eshidi nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1), inani elincane lamalahle kanye nokhuni kakhukhunathi kufanele lithululelwe kuwo.
Izimbali
Ukuqhakaza kwegumbi aphelandria kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu: kusuka entwasahlobo kuya kumaviki okuqala ebusika. Kokubili uhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zesitshalo, kanye nemibandela yokuboshwa, kuthinta ubude bezimbali. Isikhathi sezimbali ezimaphakathi singamaviki ayi-8. Kuyadingeka ukusika ngesikhathi wonke ama-inflorescence aqala ukubuna. Ukuze izimbali zikwazi ukuqhakaza futhi zibukeke ngonyaka olandelayo, isihlahla sizodinga isikhathi esiyimpoqo sokuphumula okuhlobene: ngoba lokhu, imbiza idluliselwa endaweni epholile ekhanyisiwe, ukuthambisa kumele kuncishiswe, futhi isihlahla akufanele sondliwe ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuzala kabusha
Okwenziwa kabusha kwezasekhaya okungaphakathi, kusetshenziswa imbewu, kanye nendlela yezitshalo: amaqabunga noma ukusikwa kwe-apical.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ingxube yenhlabathi, ehlanganisa umhlaba nesihlabathi (4: 1). Ukuze izithombo zivele futhi zikhule ngokushesha, izitshalo zidinga ukushisa (kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-22 degrees). Ukuze usheshise le nqubo, ungasebenzisa i-mini-greenhouse ngokushisa okuphansi. Lapho izithombo zikhula, kudingeka ukuthi zithathwe zibe yingxube yenhlabathi, okubandakanya nesihlabathi, iqabunga nomhlaba wefudu. Uma izitshalo zinakekelwa kahle, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwazo kungaqala ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ukuze usike izingcezu, iziqu zomuntu ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala zisetshenziselwa ipuleti lamacembe, ubude bawo busuka kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Udinga ukwenza lokhu ngoMashi-Meyi noma ngoDisemba-Januwari. Ukuze izimpande zisheshe, izigaba ezingezansi ziphathwa nganoma yikuphi ukulungiselela okuvuselela ukukhula kwezimpande, isibonelo: IHeteroauxin, Kornevin, presinic acid, njll. Izimbambo kufanele zitshalwe endaweni eyisipikili ngokushisa okuphansi, kufanele imbozwe ngopende olusobala. Ukhula lwengozi yokusika kufanele kwenzeke ekushiseni (kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees), ngenkathi kufanele kungene umoya ngokuhlelekile futhi kunyiswe ngenhlabathi kusuka ku-sprayer. Isikhathi sokukhula kwezimpande ze-stem cuttings singamaviki angama-6-8, futhi sibukeka - amaviki angama-2-4. Izithombo ezisikiwe kufanele zitshalwe emabhodweni, ezansi lapho kufanele kwenziwe khona ungqimba lwamanzi, futhi ingxube yenhlabathi kufanele ibe nesihlabathi, i-peat, humus nenhlabathi enamaqabunga (1: 2: 2: 2). I-Afelandra iyabe ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nezinhlobo zabantu abadala.
Uma kunesidingo esinjalo, khona-ke ekwindla noma ebusika, udinga ukusika ipuleti leqabunga elakhiwe kahle nelincane nge-axillary bud. Kunconywa ukusika iqabunga kulezo amahlumela angazange aqhakaze. Izingcucu ezingumsuka kufanele zibe ku-substrate enezinto ezinesihlabathi kanye nesihlabathi, kanti ngaphezulu zidinga ukumbozwa nge-cap esobala. Ukuze kube yimpumelelo ukubekelwa phansi kwe-mizizi, ukusikeka kudinga ukuhlinzekwa ngokushisa kwama-degree angama-20 kuye kwangama-25, kufanele kufakwe umoya ngokuhlelekile, futhi ingxube yenhlabathi kumele inyiswe ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi kusuka ku-sprayer.
Njengoba izihlahla ziya zikhula njengoba zikhula futhi amapuleti amaqabunga aphansi endiza azungeze zona, ukuze kubuyiswe ukuhlobisa kulokho okucatshangwe kudala, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa indlela yokusika.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-aselander
I-Afelandra imelana impela nezifo ezahlukahlukene, kepha kwezinye izimo ingadala izinkinga.
Ehlathini, izeluleko zamapuleti amaqabunga zingomileLokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukushisa komoya okuphezulu ngokweqile kanye nomswakama womoya ophansi. Ukuze imbali ibuyele kwelejwayelekile, udinga ukumanzisa umoya njalo ngesifutho noma imbiza enesitshalo ingabekwa esikhwameni esigcwele ukugcwaliswa ngamatshe amanzi.
Ukubambezeleka kwezimbali kungenzeka ngenxa yokukhanya okungekuhle noma ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi. Ukufaka umquba imbali, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, emva kwalokho uphinde uhlelwe kabusha endaweni efanele. Uma kunesidingo, khona-ke isihlahla kudingeka sinikeze ukukhanyisa okungeziwe.
Kwezinye izimo, angaqala ngesihlahla ukundiza kuzungeze amapuleti amaqabunga. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukunisela akukhona okuhlelekile, kepha ingxube yenhlabathi ethangini ivame ukoma. Futhi, amaqabunga amaqabunga angaqala uma isihlahla siniselwa ngamanzi abandayo noma ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kuwo. Kepha ezimweni ezindala le nqubo ibhekwa njengejwayelekile.
Uma kunokuhlala kugxwala umswakama enhlabathinikhona-ke izihlahla zingathinteka ekubunjweni kwamaqabunga. Izindawo ezithintekile kufanele zisikwe ngethuluzi elibukhali le-disinfected, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi uthwebu izicubu ezinempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwamahlamvu kwenziwa ngesisombululo sokulungiselela isikhunta.
Ingozi enkulu kusiko elinjalo vertingillus wilting, isihlahla sivame ukuthinteka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi inhlabathi ingenwe yisikhunta. Njengomphumela wentuthuko yesifo esinjengalesi, umonakalo emikhunjini yesitshalo uyabonakala, ngenkathi isitshalo esinegciwane singelapheki. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ingxube yenhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukutshala kumele ihlanzwe.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi nendlela yokubhekana nazo
Imvamisa, izinambuzane ezilingana noma ama-aphid zihlala egumbini elingasenyakatho. Lezi zinambuzane eziyingozi ziyancela; zincela ukuphuma kweseli emigqeni emisha namahlamvu. Uma kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa esihlahleni, khona-ke ukuze usisuse, lesi sitshalo kufanele sigezwe esitsheni sisebenzisa insipho, kanti nengaphezulu legceke elingaphansi kufanele kuvikelwe emanzini angcolile. Uma izinambuzane ezikalwa zizinzile esihlahleni, khona-ke kufanele zisuswe kumakhambi angaphambi kokubhavu, zisebenzisa iswidi likotini, elithwelwe ngotshwala ngaphambili noma ngesisombululo sensipho. Kodwa-ke, uma kunezinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi esihlahleni, kuzodingeka ukuthi ziphathwe ngesisombululo sokulungiselela i-fungicidal (i-Fitoverm noma i-Aktellik), futhi kungadingeka izifutho eziningana.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-afelander
IGolden Afelandra (Aphelandra aurantiaca), noma i-orange
Lesi shlahla esihlala sigcotshwe njalo sinamahlumela amnyama futhi awugqinsi wombala obomvu okhanyayo, kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana ziqhakaze. Amapuleti amaqabunga ahlukile anamanga aqukethe amanga apendwe ngombala wesiliva oluhlaza okotshani, ubude bawo buba ngamasentimitha angama-25, ukubukeka kwawo kungaphakathi, kukhona iphuzu phezulu. Ukuphakama kwe-inflarkcence efana ne-spike-like tetrahedral inflationcates cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15; aqukethe izimbali ezinombala we-orange ogcwele kanye namabhulashi aluhlaza. Imvamisa, ekhaya, bakhula okunhlobonhlobo njengeRetzel Afelander: isihlahla esinamapuleti amakhulu anombala omhlophe-isiliva, ukuphakama kwama inflorescence cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15, kanti nezimbali zidwetshwe ngombala obomvana. Le mbali inikeza izithelo ezinhle, maqondana nalokhu, imbewu isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza kabusha.
I-Aphelandra squarrosa noma i-Aphelandra squarrosa
Lesi shrub sibuye sigqame futhi sihlala sihlala siqinile. Iziqu ezinamabala, ezingenalutho zibomvu okubomvana. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga angabizi bungamamitha angama-0.3; banombala we-motley kanye nesimo se-elliptical-oval. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga licwebezelwe, lapho imithambo yombala omhlophe-wesiliva ibonakala kahle, eyakhela isendlalelo sangemuva oluhlaza okotshani. Indawo engezansi yamahlamvu inombala olula. Ubude be-inflorescence ye-apical tetrahedral bunjwe nge-spike cishe ngo-0.3 m, izimbali zezihlahla zinama-tubular amabili. Izimbali eziphuzi zibukeka zimangalisa ngokumelene nesizinda sama-briche e-orange agcwele amapuleti anamaqabunga. Amahlumela aqhakaza kusuka kumaviki okuqala ehlobo kuya kuNovemba. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa ngabatshali bezimbali:
- Louis. Isiqu esiyindilinga sibomvana obomvu. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga e-oblong cishe amasentimitha angama-22; imithambo ye-green-silver noma ephuzi ibonakala kahle ngemuva eluhlaza. Izimbali zi-canary aphuzi, kuyilapho amabhulokhi aphuzi amnyama anomthambo oluhlaza.
- Leopold. Ama-inflorescence apendwe ngombala o-orange ojulile.
- EDenmark. Umbala we-inflorescences uphuzi. Kunemisipha emhlophe qwa obuluhlaza ngaphezulu kwamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani.
