Ezindaweni zasendlini zaseRussia, izinhlobonhlobo zamaplamu atshalwa yonke indawo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthakazelwa njalo kusiko, iplamu eliphuzi aliyona isivakashi esivamile. Isizathu umbono wokuthi kunembe ngokwengeziwe ukubheka izinhlobo eziphuziweyo ezine-ophuzi njenge-cherry plum, nezithelo zangempela ze-amber plum zingatholakala kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Lokhu akunjalo! Abafuyi basebenzisa ngempela i-cherry iplamu, iplamu yesiShayina kanye nokwenziwa ekhaya. Ngokuthatha okuhle kakhulu kokhokho babo, izinhlobo ezintsha ziba ngcono ngokuzikhandla kwasebusika nokukhiqiza, izithelo ziba zihle futhi zikhulu.
Izithelo zezinhlobo eziphuzi ze-plum zinhle ngokulingana ngendlela entsha futhi ekheniwe. I-dessert jam, i-marmalade ne-jam zilungiselelwe kusuka kuma-plums anephunga elimnandi.
Namuhla, abalimi banenqwaba yezinhlobo ezithokozisayo kuwo wonke amagumbi ezwe. Iningi lazo zingumphumela womsebenzi wabathandi baseMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia nase-Urals. Kukhona iplamu ephuzi yesiFunda saseMoscow kanye neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinsuku ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa zenzelwe ezinye izifunda eziseningizimu ukusuka esifundeni iCentral Chernozem kuya eKuban naseCrimea.
I-yellow plum Altai yesikhumbuzo
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-plum ephuzi zivela ezinhlotsheni zamaShayina, amaManchu, ama-Ussuri. Izitshalo ezinjalo azimelani nesithwathwa, azikhathaleli futhi zivame ukuthela izithelo. Hhayi umehluko - ibanga lesikhumbuzo le-Altai. I-plum ekwazi ukudonsa ubusika nokuqhakaza kahle ngaphezu kwama-Urals yehlukile:
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
- ukushesha, iminyaka emi-3-4 esivele ngesikhathi sokuzala;
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumnandi okuhambisanayo;
- ukubukeka okuhle kwezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa yizithelo ezincane, ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-14 - 18 ngenyama ephuzi kanye nesikhumba esilinganayo, esimbozwe ngombala obomvu onsomi ngamahlobo afudumele nelanga. Umbala okhanyayo ongokomfanekiso ungahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba we-plum, kukwenze ukhohlwe ukuthi phambi kwakho kunhlobonhlobo ephuziweyo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zeplamu zakha isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo nesiqu esincane kanye nomqhele omnyama ngokulingana. Njengama-plums amaningi alolu hlobo, isikhumbuzo se-Altai siyazala. Ngakho-ke, ezitshalweni ezizinzile, ukutshala kudinga izitshalo ze-pollinator.
Umndeni weRinclod wama-plums ulandelela umlando wawo ezinhlotsheni zomvini ezivela eSpain naseFrance. IGreenclod eluhlaza nayo yafika engxenyeni yeRussia isuka eningizimu yeYurophu .. Ngekhulu le-19 nangezikhathi zaseSoviet yayisakazeka ngaseningizimu yeSifunda esimaphakathi noMhlaba.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphuzi ze-plum zibonakala ngokuzala kokuzala bese ziqala ukwakha ama-ovari ngeminyaka emihlanu. Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-2 usuka esihlahleni ungafinyelela ku-40 kg wezithelo eziluhlaza ophuzi ezinenyama emnyama emnyama. Yize kubukeka ngathi i-plum eluhlaza eluhlaza iphansi kunezinhlobo zanamuhla ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu, isabhekwa njengezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokusetshenziswa okungujamu, i-marmalade noma ujamu.
Ukuzilolonga ngokuphelele, akunazinamba eziphuzi. Ukuthola isivuno esihle kakhulu kuma-greengage aluhlaza nalokhu okudala okudala, kuzodingeka abavukuzayo, phakathi lapho kungahle kube nezinhlobonhlobo zokuqhakaza kweVengerki ngasikhathi sinye noma enye iplamu endala ephuzi - i-Egg.
I-Plum aphuzi
Ukunambitheka okuhle kweGreenclod eluhlaza enentshisekelo I.V.Michurin. Ukuthola izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo eziphuzi ngokuqina kobusika obukhulu, wawela "umFrance" othanda ukushisa ngenkani. Ngo-1947, ipulazi elisha elihlanganyelwe lepulazi lafakwa kwiRegistry Yombuso futhi latusa ukuba kulinywe eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, emendweni ophakathi nendawo nasezifundeni zomhlaba omnyama wezwe.
Ezihlahleni eziphakathi nendawo ezinomqhele oyindilinga, amaplamu aphuzi abunjiwe aphuzi anenqwaba yamagremu ayi-25 avuthiwe. I-pulp yezithelo, njengethanga elincanyana, inombala oluhlaza ophuzi nokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Ngokungafani ne-greencod, iplamu eluhlaza yezinhlobonhlobo zaseMichurin buthelela ushukela omncane, kepha iyimpuphu, futhi ukuvuna kwayo kuba minyaka yonke.
I-Yellow Plum Uju Omhlophe
Abafuyi beDonetsk bazala iplamu lezinyosi eziphuzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zaseRussia, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezithanda ukushisa zingatshalwa ngaphandle kwemikhawulo eSifundeni Esimaphakathi Somhlaba Naseningizimu, kepha-ke, ngokulungiselela kahle ubusika, izihlahla zizizwa zizwakala eSifundeni saseMoscow, iplamu ephuzi nayo iyakhula esifundeni saseKaliningrad nakwezinye izindawo eziphakathi nendawo.
Izithelo eziyi-oval ezinesikhumba esincanyana, esibonakalayo esibonakalayo futhi ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-50 zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka kwezinyosi okukhanyayo. I-plum pulp enamatshe angatholakali kalula inombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. I-peel ephuzi elangeni iba yi-amber-orange, ebomvu.
Ipulamu eliphuzi lezinyosi alivumelani nezifo eziningi zesiko, libekezelela izikhathi ezomile ngaphandle kokulahleka, futhi izithelo ezithethwe ngesikhathi zingahanjiswa futhi zigcinwe.
Uphuzi we-plum ohlukahlukene
Abalimi be-Urals, iSiberia, kanye neMpumalanga Ekude bajwayelana ne-plum ephuzi yeHypty etholwe engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka eledlule. Amaqanda okuqala ezihlahleni ezinde zalesi zinhlobo avela ngonyaka wesine wokuphila. Ukuvunwa kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nakumaviki okuqala kaSepthemba. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonisa ubulukhuni nokukhuthazela okuhle ebusika.
Amaplamu we-sunny aphuzi alezi zinhlobonhlobo anoku:
- amasayizi amancane;
- isisindo kufika ku-15 amagremu;
- uginindela omnandi onephunga elikhanyayo;
- ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumnandi okuhambisanayo;
- isikhumba esibuhlungu;
- ithambo elikhulu, litholakala kalula epulpiti;
- luyindilinga ngesimo somsamo ongafinyeleleki.
Lapho utshala futhi unakekela iplamu ephuzi yalokhu okuhlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuphakama kwezitshalo ezindala, kanye nesidingo sabavubukuli.
Isikhumba sethenda sonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokugcinwa isikhathi eside. Izithelo zidliwa zisha, futhi zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zika jam nejamu. Ku-compote, i-plum peel igcina ukunambitheka okumunyu.
Late ophuzi iplamu Gold enkulu
Abalimi besifunda saseLower Volga nakwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu balungele imibala ehlukahlukene ye-plum Gold enkulu. Uhlobo olunezithelo ezinkulu, olubekezelela isomiso oluqala ukwakha i-ovary kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 ubudala, luletha ama-25-30 kg esihlahleni ngasinye. Isisindo samaplamu aphuzi akhanyayo ngokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kufinyelela ku-40 amagremu. Esikhunjeni esimbozwe ngembobo ebonakalayo ye-waxy, amafomu amahle akhanyayo emavikini anelanga.
Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lwe-plum ephuzi yikhono lokuvuthwa kwesithelo futhi sisigcine sipholile izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya ku-5.
Plum izinhlobonhlobo Skoroplodnaya
Njengomphumela wokuwela izinhlobonhlobo zepulamu yaseMelika ne-Ussuri, iplamu ekhula ngokushesha ephuzi yavela nezithelo ze-dessert ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-20. I-Amber enepulla ebomvu engaphezulu egcwele iplamu:
- inyama eminyene encibilikisa;
- ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu.
Iplamu yakuqala yokulungele ukuvunwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti. Ngeshwa, i-fruiting akujwayelekile futhi ayiningi kakhulu. Kepha lokhu kususwa yi-hardness yasebusika enhle nokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane eziningi.
I-Plum Ibanga leTestamente Elisha
Ngokwesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zobuhle zaseManchurian esifundeni saseVolga-Vyatka, kwahlukahluka ngeTestamente eliqinile ebusika elinezihlahla eziphakathi nendawo futhi cishe nezithelo eziphuzi eziphuziwe ezinesisindo esingu-25 kuya ku-30.
Amapulangwe aphuzi, ophundu kanye noshukela omuncu uvuthwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ngenxa yephunga layo lokukhanya nokunambitheka okuhle, izinhlobonhlobo zathola amamaki aphezulu kusuka kuma-tasters futhi zahlonishwa njengendawo yonke. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zingahanjiswa, zenza ujamu omuhle kakhulu nezithelo ezihlotshisiwe.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo zifaka ubusika obuqinile bokuqina nokuqina. Ngokutshala okufanele nokunakekela iplamu ephuzi, ngokuthena okudala ukuguga kokuguga, izihlahla zithela izithelo iminyaka emi-4 kuye kwengama-30.
