Abalimi abajwayele ukusebenza njalo nabalimi bavame ukunikeza izincomo ngokusetshenziswa komquba wamahhashi. Kodwa-ke, uma ungenalo ulwazi olunzulu ngesihloko sokugqoka phezulu, khona-ke ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lo manyolo ungcono kunabanye kunzima kakhulu. Kepha empeleni, umquba wamahhashi awulungile njengokugqoka nje kwemibhede efudumele, kodwa futhi unezinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zomquba. Funda ngezinzuzo nokusetshenziswa komquba wamahhashi kulesi sihloko.
Ndle yamahhashi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zomquba wamahhashi?
Uma siqhathanisa umquba wamahhashi nenkomo, okuyinto ejwayelekile kithi, kuvela ukuthi eyokuqala yomile, ilula, ngokushesha ngokubola futhi ine-nitrogen eningi, phosphorus ne-potassium ekwakhiweni kwayo. Iyazifihla kangcono, isheshe ikhiphe ukushisa, ihluke ezinhlanyelweni ezimbalwa zezitshalo zokhula futhi empeleni ayithintwa isici se-pathogenic microflora somquba.
Ngezinga lokukhula komkhiqizo, kungokokuqala hhayi kuphela phambi kwenkomo, kepha futhi phambi kwengulube, naphambi kwenkukhu, futhi ikakhulukazi phambi kwezimbuzi, imvu kanye nomquba womvundla. Ihlenga kahle inhlabathi esindayo, futhi uma isetshenziswa emaphashini, yandisa umphumela wayo wokugcinwa kwamanzi. Futhi yini futhi ebalulekile, ayifaki sandla ekuqinisekisweni kwe-acid yensimu evundisiwe.
Uyini umquba wamahhashi?
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi lethu igama elithi "umquba wamahhashi" alinazo izinhlangano ezikhethekile, lesi similo sezinto eziphilayo sinezinkomba zaso zekhwalithi ngokuya ngesikhathi sokulahla nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kwalolu hlobo lomquba kubhekwa njengobuningi bezinto zokugcoba zamahhashi ezakhiwe nge-peat. Endaweni yokugcina kukhona umquba oxutshwe notshani. Futhi inketho engcono kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu ngotshani. Iyakwazi ukudonsa umswakama owengeziwe, igcina i-nitrogen kahle futhi i-fluffs ephumelela ngokwengeziwe emhlabathini.
Umquba wamahhashi ungasebenza njengomanyolo womabili asanda kuvuthwa futhi ovuthiwe, futhi oseqile futhi esimweni se-humus. Ukutholakala kwayo kulula ukubona ngamehlo: omncane i-organic - lapho udoti ubonakala khona, ngombala wayo kanye nesakhiwo, okudala - kumnyama ukwakheka kwe-organic.
Umquba wamahhashiEsikhathini esiningi, umquba wamahhashi omusha usetshenziswa njengokugqokisa inhlabathi (lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhipha ukushisa okuningana ne-nitrogen), kepha lowo wokuvuthwa kwakhe okwedlule iminyaka emi-3-4 akusasebenzi kangako.
Kungalesi sikhathi lapho udoti okhona kumquba olawula ukuguqula ube yifomu efinyeleleka ezitshalweni, umquba uqobo ugcwele izinto ezincane ezinomhlabathi, ulahlekelwe iphunga lokugcwala kwamahhashi, futhi uthole isakhiwo esinomswakama kanye nomswakama wemvelo.
Kusetshenziswa umquba wamahhashi
Ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezimpawu ezihlukile, umquba wamahhashi unezinkomba zawo zokuwusebenzisa, futhi oyinhloko ukwandiswa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo zombhede nemibhede efudumele.
Incomo yokusetshenziswa okunjalo isuselwa ekucaceni kokubola kwento enikezwe i-organic. Okuqukethwe komswakama ophansi (okuhlobene nomquba wezinkomo), ukufudumala okusheshayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokushisa (kusuka ku-+70 kuya ku-+80 ° C), ukupholisa okuhamba kancane (umquba wamahhashi kungabamba ukushisa okuphezulu cishe izinyanga ezi-2), kubeke njengento ebaluleke kakhulu izinto ezishisayo ezishisayo ezikwazi ukukhipha kahle ukushisa ne-carbon dioxide, zikhipha ngokushesha izakhi zomzimba futhi zivuse ngentshiseko izitshalo ukuthi zikhule.
Ungawusebenzisa kanjani umquba wamahhashi?
Ukuze umquba wamahhashi usebenze ngokugcwele, ubekwa ungqimba olungama-30-40 cm ngenhlangano yasentwasahlobo ye-greenhouse, kuthi amasentimitha angama-50 kulungiswa imibhede ebamba ukushisa ekwindla, embozwe ngotshani obuvela phezulu futhi embozwe ungqimba lomhlaba ongama-30- 35 cm.
Njenge-bihouseel eluhlaza okotshani, umquba wamahhashi ungasetshenziswa futhi ngokuhlanganiswa neminye imianyolo ye-organic. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, kwizithombo zokugcina izithombo zakuqala, ukwakheka okuhle kuzoba ingxube yazo (ngokulingana okulinganayo) ngotshani noma ngezinsalela zasekhishini, kunoma yisiphi isilinganiso - ngenkomo, imbuzi noma umquba wezimvu, kanye ne-peat noma i-sawdust (60x40%, ngokulandelana).
Okokugcina izithombo zokugcina intwasahlobo, imithamo ihluke kancane. Kungaba yi-50x50% ihhashi nenkomo yezinyoni noma indle yamahhashi engama-70x30% namahlamvu afile.
Ezindaweni ezinkulu ezivulekile, lolu hlobo lomquba lusetshenziselwa kangcono ukulima ekwindla, futhi uma kusentwasahlobo, khona-ke kuphela ezitshalweni ezinesikhathi eside sokukhula. Ngasikhathi sinye, umthamo wohlelo lokufakwa komanyolo ngamamitha skwele ngalinye akufanele udlule ku-6 kg, futhi kufanele ulinywe masinyane ngemuva kokusakazeka, ukuze kugwenywe ukulahleka kanye nempahla yokufaka i-nitrogen ngokweqile.
Umquba wamahhashi ezikhwameni zepulasitiki.
Umquba wamahhashi usetshenziswa futhi njenge-mulching impahla, kepha ubola kuphela kahle, onombala omnyama nesakhiwo esisele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ubekwa emhlabathini ngesendlalelo esingu-3-5 cm.
Ukusetshenziswa komquba wamahhashi njengomanyolo
Umquba wamahhashi nawo muhle njengokugqoka okuyisisekelo okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uyisebenzise ngendlela yomanyolo we-liquid, kunconywa ukuthi wenze isixazululo samanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza i-1 kg of sawdust ne-2 kg yomquba kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi, vumela inhlanganisela ukuthi imnikeze amasonto ama-2, uvuse njalo, bese uyawunisela. Kuphela, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lo manyolo ezimpandeni, inhlabathi yemibhede kufanele iswakanyiswe kakhulu.
Uma ucubungula isikhathi sokusebenza kwalomanyolo we-organic, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kuzohluka, kuye ngohlobo lomhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo lapho kufakwa khona isicelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubanda kakhulu indawo yesimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi enkudlwana, amandla womphumela oqondile womquba wamahhashi, ukufudumala okuphezulu kokuphakama kwawo (umquba wamahhashi awuphumeleli emhlabathini owomile, othambile ngonyaka wokuqala).
Ungayilungisa kanjani umquba wamahhashi
Uma unethuba lokuqoqa nokugcina umquba wamahhashi ngokwakho, kufanele ugaye umgodi engadini noma wakhe uthango lokudaya indle. Okulandelayo, udinga ukubheka ukwakheka kokuqalwa kwesisindo: ungqimba wokuqala (20-30 cm ukuphakama) - umbhede we-peat (wokuqoqa ukugcwala), owesibili (15 cm) - umbhede wamahhashi, nowesithathu (30 cm) - sawdust, amacembe awile, utshani , futhi ekugcineni, umhlaba (20 cm). Futhi-ke - ukusuka kwesibili kuya kwesine, kuze kube lapho umgodi ugcwala ngokuphelele noma kwakhiwa inqwaba engamamitha ayi-1.5. Ebusika, kuhle ukumboza inqwaba eyakhiwe nge-lapnik noma i-oycloth.
Umquba wamahhashi we-bookmark wokuvuthwa okungaphezulu.
Uma kunzima ukulandela ukulandelana okunjalo, ungaphendukela kwezinye izinhlanganisela: ushintshe ungqimba womquba kanye ne-peat, noma umquba nomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ulondoloze kangcono i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus kusisindo esenziwe, kuhle ukufaka ufulawa we-phosphorite noma i-superphosphate ekwakhiweni okwakhiwe (ngesilinganiso sama-20 kg ngethoni yomquba). Isimo sezulu esishisayo, indle kumele iniselwe futhi ihlatshwe nge-pitchfork kaningana ngesonto.
Umquba wamahhashi emaphaketheni amahle
Konke okungenhla ukuthi, kunjalo, kuhle, kepha kuthiwani ngalabo abangenaso isikhathi sokukhathazeka nsuku zonke emibhedeni, bakha indle, baphikelele itiye lendle, kepha usafuna ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lomanyolo? Impendulo ilula - ungathenga umquba wamahhashi osuvele ulungiselelwe futhi ufakiwe kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene.
Ngiyazibuza ukuthi yibaphi abafundi bethu abasebenzisa umquba wamahhashi emibhedeni nasengadini? Yabelana ngesipiliyoni sakho ukuyisebenzisa kumazwana noma kuForamu yethu.
