Isimbali sikaPeriwinkle (Vinca) simele umndeni wakwaKutrovy. Uhlobo lolo lufanekiselwa izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo nezihlala ziluhlaza noma izitshalo ze-herbaceous, ezingama-perennials. Emvelweni, ama-periwinkles atholakala eNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia naseYurophu. Kuhunyushwa kusuka kwisiLatini, i-vinca isho "ukugoqa", lesi sitshalo singasakazeka ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, futhi singasinda nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, lolu utshani buye baba uphawu lwamandla nobungqabavu. Kunenganekwane ethi i-periwinkle, eqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nge-violet, ikhononde kuFlora ukuthi akekho umuntu omnakile, wabe esenza izimbali zakhe zingaphezu kovalo, futhi futhi zandisa isikhathi sakhe sokuphila. Isikhathi eside, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi i-periwinkle inamandla emilingo. Ngakho-ke, enye yezinkolelo ukuthi uma uqoqa izimbali ze-vinca ngasikhathi esithile, bazokwazi ukuxosha imimoya emibi, ngakho-ke bazamile ukuyixhoma ngaphezu komnyango wangaphambili. Lesi sici esifanayo sesitshalo sisize ekuboneni abathakathi. Kepha lesi sitshalo sithathwe njengomlingo ngoba besinamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke uma kukhona ngisho nethonsi lamanzi kule vase, khona-ke izimbali ze-vinca ngeke ziphele. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi uma ususa i-periwinkle kusuka ku-vase bese uyitshala emhlabathini, ingagxila kalula futhi iqhubeke nokukhula.
Izici zePeriwinkle
I-Periwinkle isihlahla esinwabuzelayo noma isitshalo se-herbaceous esiqine ngeziqu. Amapuleti eshidi lesikhumba aphikisayo aphikisiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okotshani. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala noma izinhlanga zombala wekhilimu zitholakala kumapuleti amaqabunga. Izimbali ezinkulu ezikhulu ezikhula ezinweni zamaqabunga zidwetshwe ngopinki, omhlophe noma onsomi. I-corolla eyakheke njenge-funnel ine-tube cylindrical ende.
Ukuqhakaza okukhulu kwalesi sitshalo kuyabonakala entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-periwinkle ibukeka iheha ngokukhethekile ngenxa yokuthi izinyawo zayo zikhuphuka. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali eziningi ziphela, lesi sitshalo sizoqhubeka siqhume. Izimbali zomuntu ngamunye zikhona esihlahleni kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Izithelo zingamapheshana ama-cylindrical. Endle, cishe izinhlobo eziyi-12 zalesi sitshalo ziyakhula.
Ukukhula kwe-periwinkle kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu
Ukuhlwanyela i-periwinkle enhlabathini evulekile kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo noma ebusika, lapho cishe zonke izitshalo zasengadini zizophumula. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu nakho kungenziwa ehlobo, kepha kulokhu kufanele ukhethe usuku olunamafu noma oluna imvula.
Indawo okuhlwanyelwa kuyo kufanele ibe semthunzini noma endaweni enomthunzi, lapho i-periwinkle ikhula kahle kakhulu. Kepha indawo enamabala amahle nayo ilungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Umhlabathi kumele ukhululeke, ukhiqizwe kahle, ugcwale izakhi zomzimba, futhi ube ne-asidi noma ungathathi hlangothi. Umhlabathi ompofu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa kumele ulungiswe, ngoba lokhu, umgquba ovuthiwe ungeniswa kuwo ukuze ugotshwe.
Izici Zokuhlwanyelwa
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngemifologo engajulile (cishe 10 mm). Lapho zivaliwe, ukuthambisa kwenziwa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Periwinkle
Impela noma yimuphi umuntu, onolwazi oluncane ngokutshala ingadi, angakhula i-periwinkle esakhiweni sakhe sengadi. Ukunisela izitshalo ezinjalo kwenziwa kuphela uma kunesikhathi eside esomile. Uma lina lina ngokuhlelekile, khona-ke lesi sitshalo ngeke sidinge ukuthambisa.
Ukhula olunotshani alulimazi i-periwinkle nhlobo, kulokhu kuluka kuxhumano kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho wena ngokwakho ukufuna. Ukwenza isihlahla sikhanye kakhudlwana futhi sibe sihle, kuyadingeka ukucindezela ngezikhathi ezithile izindebe ezindala nezincane.
Ukondla lesi sitshalo, ungasebenzisa umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali. Noma kunjalo, umanyolo we-organic ulungele kangcono le njongo, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa umquba noma umquba onamaqabunga.
Lapho i-periwinkle iqeda ukuqhakaza okukhulu, uzodinga ukugunda izinwele. Iziqunto ezisele ngemuva kokusika zingasetshenziswa njengabasiki, kuyilapho ziba nezimpande kahle.
Ukuzala periwinkle
Ukukhiqiza kabusha lesi sitshalo, akuyona indlela esetshenziswayo kuphela (imbewu) esetshenziswayo. Ngakho-ke, ingasakazeka kalula ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla noma ukusikwa. Ukutshala okusikiwe kwe-rooting kwenziwa enhlabathini evulekile futhi kwenziwa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo noma ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Agasti noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaSepthemba. Ibanga phakathi kokusika kufanele lisuke ku-0,2 liye ku-0,3 m.
Ekusakazweni kwezinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza, kusetshenziswa amahlumela akhudlwana, futhi kusetshenziswa inqubo yokugoqa evundlile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukufafaza isiqu ngesendlalelo somhlabathi omncane, futhi ngokushesha kuzovela izimpande.
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, uma kunesidingo, i-periwinkle ingasatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Kepha udinga ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuba iziqu ziqale ukukhula esihlahleni.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Periwinkle ingagula ngezifo zokukhunta ezifana nokugqwala noma i-powdery hlobo. Amabhishi athintekile kufanele afafazwe ngomunye wamalungiselelo we-fungicidal. Uma lesi sitshalo sithinteka yi-Powdery hlobo, kufanele siphathwe ngeTopsin, iTopazi, iSkor, iQuadris nezinye izindlela ezifanayo. Futhi uma kubuhlungu nokugqwala ke kulokhu kufanele usebenzise i-Topaz, Kuproksat noma ingxube ye-Bordeaux yokufafaza.
Uma i-aphid ihlala esihlahleni, khona-ke ukuze ikususe, iphathwa ngeKarbofos noma neFufanon.
Periwinkle ngemuva kokuqhakaza
Uma isiza sakho sengadi sesivele sine-periwinkle, khona-ke ukuqoqa imbewu yaso akudingekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi kulula kakhulu ukusabalalisa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla noma ukusikwa. Ochwepheshe baphinde bancome ukukhetha izindlela zokusanhlamvu zemvelo zokusakazeka ngaphezulu kwembewu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-periwinkle ngezithombe namagama
I-periwinkle enkulu (i-Vinca enkulu)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo le nhlobo yiCrimea, iMedithera neCaucasus. Lesi sigaxa esihlala sikhona sihlala njalo. Ukhula lwengcambu yamahlumela awo lunokwenzeka kubo bonke ubude bawo. Njengoba ikhula, amafomu ekhaphethi egobile. Amapuleti wesikhumba, acwebezelayo, acwebezelayo acwebezelisiwe; ukwakheka komngcele, okuhlanganisa i-cilia, kudlula emaphethelweni. Ngobude, amapuleti amaqabunga angafinyelela ku-40-80 mm. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle acishe abe ngu-0,4 m; izimbali ezizodwa zitholakala kuzo, zifinyelela ku-50 mm ngaphesheya. Zipendiwe emthunzini okhethekile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okungukuthi, izibulo (leli yigama elithi periwinkle eFrance). Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi, futhi ubude bawo bungaphezu kwamasonto amane. Isitshalo siyamelana neqhwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ubusika bungekho iqhwa, kuyanconywa ukumboza izihlahla ngamagatsha e-spruce ukuze amapuleti eqabunga angabandi. Le nhlobo inefomu elihlukahlukene: amahlamvu ahlukaniswe ngopende futhi amhlophe, isitshalo asinakho ukuphikisana nesithwathwa esikhulu, ngakho-ke sidinga ukumbozwa kahle ubusika.
I-Periwinkle encane (Vinca encane)
Endle, le nhlobo itholakala e-Asia Minor, eMedithera nasentshonalanga engxenyeni eseYurophu yaseRussia. I-perennial enjalo iyinambuzane futhi ithanda umthunzi. Incamela ukukhula emithini yama-pine nama-wide-leaved enomhlaba onempilo, kepha iyatholakala futhi emthanjeni onesihlabathi ovundile, futhi nakwi-stony kanye nasemithambekeni aminyene. Ubude besiqu esinamagatsha acishe abe ngu-0,6 m. Amapuleti amnyama anamaqabunga acwebezelayo anomumo obomvu. Ngobude, amapuleti amaqabunga afinyelela ku-30-50 mm, ngenkathi umbala wawo oluhlaza omnyama ungashintshi ngisho nasebusika. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle cishe amasentimitha angama-20, kuzo izimbali ezingafani zombala omise okotshani kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ububanzi obufinyelela kububanzi obungama-25 mm. Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni, futhi isikhathi saso siseduze kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Ukwakheka kwezithelo, ezinamahlamvu amahlanu, kuyaqabukela kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, lolu hlobo lusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngezindlela zemifino: Ukuqina kwethanga, ukusikwa kanye nezimpande zeziqu. Isikhathi sokuphila sale periwinkle singafinyelela amashumi eminyaka. Itshaliwe kusukela ngo-1306. Iyamelana nesithwathwa, kepha-ke, uma kulindeleke ubusika obunamaqhwa, kungcono ukumboza izihlahla ngamagatsha e-spruce. Ukunakekela lezi zinhlobo ze-vinca kulula kakhulu futhi kulula njengawo wonke umuntu. Amafomu engadi:
- bomvu;
- mhlophe;
- i-terry ebomvu - umbala wezimbali ze-terry onsomi;
- i-mosagated - amapuleti eqabunga aphuzi-wegolide;
- i-terry - ngezimbali ezidwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- omhlophe-umphetho - amapuleti amancane amaqabunga ayindilinga anomngcele omhlophe ongajwayelekile, lokhu kuqhuma kuqhume kakhulu futhi kusetshenziselwa ukwakha izimbumbulu ezihlanganisiwe emithambekeni;
- i-golden-motley - amapuleti eqabunga elicwebezelayo, aluhlaza ngisho nangokwedlulele ngokuqhathaniswa nokubuka kwangaphambilini, ebusweni bawo kunamachashazi aphuzi ahlelwe ngokude aphuzi.
I-Periwinkle (Vinca pubescens)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala emahlathini osogwini weCaucasus yasentshonalanga. Ezindaweni zokuthintana nenhlabathi, iziqu zayo ezinwabuzelayo zinika izimpande, ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ukubekwa kwezimpawu cishe kwazo zonke izindawo ezingaphakathi nendawo nangaphezulu kwamahlumela kuyabonakala. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphakanyiswa kwama-peduncle kwenzeka ngqo, kubonakala sengathi isembozo sithukile. Izimbali ezizimele ngaphesheya zifinyelela ku-35 mm. Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ngoMeyi, futhi kuthatha cishe amasonto amane. Ngaphambi kobusika, amahlamvu ayafa.
I-Periwinkle (Vinca herbacea)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala eCentral Europe, eCrimea, izindawo eziseningizimu yengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia, i-Asia Minor, iCaucasus ne-Ukraine. Isitshalo esihlwanyelayo siyabuna. Amapuleti amaqabunga acwebezelayo aqhakaza ngaphambi kobusika. Iziqu zezimbali zingamasentimitha ayi-15 ubude; zinezimbali ezingafani zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi, zifinyelela ku-30 mm ngaphesheya. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Isitshalo esinjalo siyamelana neqhwa. Uma kulindeleke ubusika obunamaqhwa, khona-ke ama-bush kufanele aphonswe namagatsha e-spruce.
I-pink periwinkle (i-Catharanthus = Vinca rosea = I-Lochnera rosea), noma i-catharanthus, noma i-Madagas vinca, noma i-pink land, noma i-cayenne jasmine, noma i-lochner
ICatharanthus inenombolo enkulu yamagama ahlukile. Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe bakhombe isitshalo esinjalo kuhlobo oluhlukile, oluhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-8. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi basakholelwa ekutheni lesi sitshalo siyiperewinkle epinki. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinjalo esihlala njalo kungamamitha ayi-0.6. Kuphakama amagatsha angaphezulu kwengxenye ephezulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga ahleliwe ahleliwe ngokusobala aqinile anemibala eqinile, apendwe luhlaza okotshani futhi anendawo emhlophe emaphakathi. Ubude bamahlamvu bufika ku-70 mm. Izimbali ezihleli emacansini angenhla zipinki. Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi ziyaqhubeka kuze kube ekwindla. Izithelo ziyi-achene ebunjiwe njengokugula. Ngo-1976, kwaba nokushesha okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwalolu hlobo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ochwepheshe baseMelika baqala ukutadisha nzalo yesitshalo esinjalo. Ngiyabonga, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo, ezidume kakhulu njengamanje, zaqala ukutshalwa:
- Ukuphola Amagilebhisi - ama-peduncle apendwe ngombala we-lilac-pink, aneso elimhlophe;
- Ukuphola Kakhulu - ezimbalini ezimhlophe kukhona iso elibomvu.
Eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, ongoti baseJalimane basebenze ekwakheni izinhlobo ezintsha. Ngenxa yabo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zazalwa:
- I-Sortoseriya Kiss yokuqala. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla ezinamacwecwe acishe abe ngu-0.4 m. Umbala wezimbali unezinketho ezihlukile eziyi-13.
- I-Med bidianen ne-Cascade Appleblossom - Lezi zinhlobo zinconywa ukuthi zikhule kubhasikidi wokulengiswa. Uma isitshalo sinakekelwa kahle, khona-ke iziqu zaso zizofinyelela ku-150 cm ubude.
Izakhiwo zePeriwinkle
Izici zokuphilisa ze-periwinkle
I-Periwinkle iyisitshalo esiwusizo kakhulu, yingakho isetshenziswe isikhathi eside kuyo yonke i-pharmacology nasemithini. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukwakheka kwalesi sitshalo kufaka i-alkaloid, ekwazi ukuvimba ukwahlukanisa amaseli. Kuze kube manje, ukutshalwa kwezimboni kwesiko elinjalo sekuyekisiwe, ngoba le alkaloid ifunde ukuhlanganisa ngokuthile. Iyingxenye yama-immunosuppressants kanye nama-antitumor agents. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-periwinkle iyelapha futhi namuhla isetshenziswa kabanzi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zenhliziyo:
- I-pubescent periwinkle iqukethe ama-glycosides abizwa nge-pubescin ne-vinin, asiza umfutho wegazi ophansi.
- I-periwinkle epinki iqukethe i-alkaloid ye-reserpine, ebaluleke impela. Kuyasiza nokunciphisa umfutho wegazi.
- I-periwinkle yotshani iqukethe indlela ejwayelekile, okungukuthi imvamisa ichazwa ngudokotela ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ukwakheka kwe-periwinkle encane kufaka ne-glycosides. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo ziqukethe i-ursolic acid nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kwama-alkaloids, i-vinca nayo iqukethe ama-tannins, ama-anthocyanins, ama-organic acid, ushukela, amavithamini, usawoti wamaminerali, ama-steroid kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-phenolic. Izindlela ezenziwe ngesisekelo salesi sitshalo zisetshenziselwa ekwelapheni izifo ezifana ne-cerebrovascular ngengozi, i-osteochondrosis, ischemia, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isilonda sezinzwa, i-psychosis, i-schizophrenia, ukudangala, i-autonomic neurosis, i-polyneuritis, ukuhlangana kokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, imiphumela ye-meningoencephalitis, futhi futhi nokuyinkimbinkimbi Izifo zezindlebe, umphimbo, ikhala - ukulahleka kokuzwa kwezinzwa, i-ototoxic neuritis, i-vasomotor rhinitis, ukuncipha kokuncipha, i-post-influenza neuritis ye-auditory nerve, atrophic rhinopharyngolaryngitis.
Ngomunye umuthi, isitshalo esinjalo saqala ukusetshenziswa emuva ezinsukwini ze-Dioscorides noPliny Omdala. Isibonelo, i-cataractus eChina isetshenziselwe ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme. ECaucasus, izinhlobo ze-periwinkle ezikhula lapho zihlukaniswa nge-antimicrobial, vasodilating, ukuhlanza igazi, ukulungisa, ukuphulukisa amanxeba kanye nomphumela we-heestatic. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-colic, izinyo noma ikhanda, ubuthakathaka bezocansi, isifo sikashukela, izifo zabesifazane, i-scurvy, iphunga elibi elivela emgodleni womlomo, umkhuhlane, isifo sofuba, umkhuhlane, njll. Sasetshenziswa futhi ngaphandle kwesibeletho noma i-nosebleeds, i-lotion yokulunywa, imichilo nesikhumba sezikhumba, kanye namanxeba.
Contraindication
IPeriwinkle ithathwa njengesitshalo esinoshevu, ngakho-ke kwenqatshelwe ukuzelapha ngokwayo. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthatha izidakamizwa esitshalweni esinjalo, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngokweqile, ukucindezelwa komsebenzi wezinhliziyo kuyabonakala. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ezinjalo kunqunyelwe kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
