Tigridia

Isitshalo se-bulbous herbaceous perennial Tigridia (Tigridia) simele umndeni Kasatikovye (Iris). Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-20-55. Uhla lwalesi siko lusuka eMexico enyakatho luye ePeru naseChile eningizimu. Igama lale mbali lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi tigris (esimweni sofuzo - i-tigridis), okuhunyushwe ngalo lisho ukuthi "ihlosi", cishe lokhu kungenxa yombala we-perianth. Phambilini ama-Aztec ayehlala eMexico, azikhulisa lezi zimbali, ngoba anezokwelapha. EYurophu, i-tigridia yaqala ukutshalwa kusukela ngekhulu le-16, kepha ayikaze ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi, ngokunokwenzeka lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isitshalo esinjalo siqhakaza engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku, futhi imbali inesikhathi sokuphila samahora ayi-8 kuphela.

Izici ze-tigridia

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla se-tigridia kungahluka kusuka ku-0,3 kuya ku-0.7 m. Lesi sitshalo se-tuberous se-perennial singaba nezithombo ezihlotshisiwe noma ezilula. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza asongwe ngendlela enobuso anomilo we-xiphoid. Phezulu kwemicibisholo kukhona izimbali ezingashadile, futhi zingaqoqwa ngezingcezu ezi-2 noma ezi-3. Izimbali zinesimo esiyinqayizivele, esifana novemvane oluyisimanga. Izithelo ziyibhokisi, ngaphakathi kwalo elitshisiwe, imbewu ye-angular.

Ukutshala kweTigridia emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokutshala

Njengoba ama-tigridia enza kabi kakhulu kumakhaza, kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela ngemuva kokufika kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, njengomthetho, kulokhu kuwela emavikini okugcina entwasahlobo noma ehlobo lokuqala. Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe indawo enelanga enelanga. Kungenzeka ukukhulisa le nkambiso ngokwethusayo, noma kunjalo, kulokhu, abahamba ngezinyawo bayoba buthaka futhi babancane, futhi ngenxa yalokho bazodinga i-garter yokusekelwa. Futhi, indawo kufanele ivikeleke kokusalungiswa kanye nokuvunguza komoya ngokuzumayo, ngoba ingalimaza amahlumela acishe abe buthakathaka bale mbali. Inhlabathi efanelekayo kufanele ibe okuvulekile, okukhanyayo, okunomswakama okulinganiselwe, okukhanyiswe kahle futhi okungekho acidic. Inhlabathi eminyene ngokweqile ingalungiswa ngokungeza i-sawdust noma ngesihlabathi kuyo.

Imithetho yokufakelwa

Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, ukutshala izinto amahora ambalwa kudinga ukucwiliswa kwisisombululo seMaxim (2 milligrams nge-1 litre yamanzi). Amabhuleki aphathwa ngale ndlela azovikelwa kwiFusarium, ukubola okumhlophe nokumpunga nezinye izifo. Kukuba kukuphi ukujula ukuvala anyanisi kuya ngosayizi wabo. Isibonelo, ama-anyanisi amancane kakhulu adinga ukutshalwa ngokujula okungaba ngu-50 mm, kanti amakhulu kakhulu angcwatshwa emhlabathini ngo-100 mm. Phakathi kwezinhlamvu zilandelana, ibanga okungenani amasentimitha ayi-15 kufanele libonwe, kanti ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-20. Izithombo zokuqala zingabonakala kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40, izihlahla esezikhulile ziyaqhakaza ngo-Agasti, kodwa njengomthetho, azinaso isikhathi sokuqhakaza ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, okuyinto embi kakhulu ngokubuyisa ama-bulbs. Kulokhu, abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka, ngaphambi kokutshala ama-corms enhlabathini evulekile, ukuze bakhule ngaphakathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Mashi zibekelwe ukugqunyelwa. Okuningi ngalokhu kuzochazwa esigabeni sokufakelwa lesi sitshalo.

Ukunakekela i-tigridia engadini

Ukukhula kwe-tigridia engadini yakho kulula kakhulu. Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuchelela ngesikhathi, ukhula, ukugqoka phezulu nokukhulula umhlabathi womhlaba phakathi kwezihlahla. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baluleka ukumboza ingaphezulu le ndawo ngesendlalelo semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla, ngeke kusindise kuphela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kepha futhi kuzonciphisa inani lokunisela, ukhula nokulima. Futhi, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe ngesikhathi esifanele izimbali eziqale ukufiphala, futhi noma kunesidingo, hlanganisa izihlahla zibe ngamapheya noma amahlumela.

Ungawunisela kanjani amanzi futhi uwondle

Lapho sikhule engadini, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuhlelekile. Ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside, ama-bush kufanele ayophuziswa nsuku zonke, ngenkathi esebenzisa umthamo wamanzi omningi kangangokuba umhlaba ungamanzi ukujula kwezifo. Futhi, ngesomiso esikhona isikhathi eside, ingxenye yamabhasi izokudinga ukuthanjiswa ngamanzi acwebile kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza kusihlwa.

Uma kulungiselelwa ukutshala wonke umanyolo olungile owethulwe enhlabathini, khona-ke ungakhohlwa ukondla i-tigridia kuze kube kuphela isizini. Uma inhlabathi ingekho kahle noma inciphile, lapho-ke amahlathi azodinga ukondliwa amahlandla ambalwa ngesizini, bese esebenzisa ikhambi lomanyolo oluyinkimbinkimbi (3 amagremu nge-1 litre lamanzi). Ukondla kufanele kwenziwe emavikini ama-4 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza.

Ukufakelwa

Ukuze izitshalo ziqhakaze ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo, kudingeka ukuthi kutshalwe ama ngezimo zekamelo. Kufanele atshalwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi ebhodweni elinengxube ekhanyayo yenhlabathi. Ama-corms ama-3 noma ama-4 atshalwe ebhodweni elilodwa ngasikhathi sinye, kanti adinga ukungcwatshwa endaweni engezansi ngama-30 mm. Emavikini okuqala, ama-bulbs azodinga ukunikeza ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo. Ngemuva kokuba ama-corms eqale ukuhluma, ubuningi bokunisela kufanele bukhuphuke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isakhi esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele simanzi ukujula lapho izimpande zama-corms zikhona. Kungcono ukutshala izimbiza ezinendawo ezinamanzi amaningi okutshala ama-corms, kanti nendawo yokubeka amapuleti kufanele ibe phezulu impela ukuze i-tigridia ihlele ukuthambisa okuphansi. Ngokunisela okunjalo, ingozi yokuba nezifo zokukhunta incane kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi imicibisholo ivele, ama-tubers anezilimo eziyizigaxa kumele adluliselwe kwisithambisi esishisayo sewindows. Khumbula ukuthi okusalungiswa ku-contraindised kulezi zitshalo. Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile walezi corms kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni.

Ukujula komgodi wokutshala isitshalo otshaliwe kufanele kube kusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-0.6 m. Phansi komgodi, ungqimba lwamanzi omquba wamahhashi noma ngezitini ezaphukile kufanele lwenziwe, ngenkathi ukuqina kwawo kufanele kube kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0,25 m. kufanele abeke ungqimba lomhlabathi oxegayo wobukhulu obufana nobangaphambili. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukubeka umhlume ohlumile kuso, emva kwalokho umgodi ugcwele inhlabathi enezakhi. Izitshalo ezidlulisiwe zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi.

Ukuzala tigridia

Esimweni lapho izihlahla ziqala ukuqhakaza kusuka maphakathi no-July wokugcina, khona-ke imbewu ingavuthwa ngaphambi kwesithwathwa. Imbewu ivunwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe kukhululwe. Kuhlwanyelwa ebusika, kuyilapho imbewu engakahlwanyeli ingadingeki. Amathangi ahlanzwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, efudumele (ama-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees). Lapho ukhetha izithombo, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ukugwema ukulimaza izimpande zazo. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zikhule ipuleti lamqabunga eqabunga langempela, kufanele zithwetshulwe emabhodweni ngamanye, ngenkathi zithathwa zinenqwaba yomhlaba. Kusukela esikhathini sokuhlwanyelwa kuye ekuqaleni kwezimbali, cishe izinyanga eziyi-6-7 zidlula.

Futhi, izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zokushumpula zingasetshenziswa ukusabalalisa leli siko. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sonyaka 1, cishe izingane ezinhlanu ezingena endaweni yazo zikhula endaweni eyodwa endala. Kufanele zihlukaniswe nge-bulb yomzali ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyilapho izindawo zamaphutha kanye nezingxenye kufanele kufafazwe ngefulawa yamalahle, emva kwalokho izingane zingatshalwa emhlabathini.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Kaningi, abalimi abakwazi ukugcina impahla yokutshala ye-tigridia kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ngoba iningi layo liyabuna. Njengomthetho, ukubola kuvela kulezo zinhlamvu ezingavuthiwe kahle. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ulungiselele ama-corms, uqiniseke ukuthi avuthwe kahle. Futhi, nge-prophylaxis, kubalulekile ukufaka ama-corms ngaphambi kokuwabeka kunoma yisiphi isixazululo se-fungicidal, ngokwesibonelo: Maxim, Benlat noma Fundazole.

Isitshalo esikhule endaweni evulekile singathinteka uqweqwe noma ukugqwala. Ukuvikela lokhu, kunconywa ukufafaza amahlamvu nge-infusions yamakhambi noma ngezixazululo ze-fungicide.

Uma isitshalo sithinteka yi-mosaic, khona-ke sekuvele akunakwenzeka ukuselapha, ngoba izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane namuhla zithathwa njengezingelapheki. Kulokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nezimo ezilungele ukukhula, ukuze ziqine futhi zingabi buhlungu.

Amabhere, ama-slugs, ama-scoops eklabishi kanye nama-thrips ayakwazi ukulimaza i-tigridia. Ukuze kuqothulwe ama-thrips, kanye nesipuni, kanye namacimbi awo, amahlamvu ezihlahla kufanele afafazwe ngesisombululo sanoma isiphi isinambuzane. Ama-slugs aqoqwa izandla ukwenza umsebenzi wawo, izingcezwana zesilayidi noma amabhodi abekwe phezu kwesiza, lapho ngesikhathi esishisayo iningi lama-gastropods lakhasa. Zisuse ngaphansi kwembambo ubhubhise. Futhi ekuhambeni okutholakele kwebhele, kuyadingeka ukuthulula isisombululo sensipho. Uma ibhere izama ukubaleka, seliphumile, kufanele ibanjwe futhi ichithwe.

I-Tigridia ebusika

Ukulungiswa kwesitoreji

Njengoba i-tigridium iyisitshalo se-thermophilic, kungenzeka kuphela ukuyishiya ebusika endaweni evulekile ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseningizimu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuqala kwekwindla, abalimi abaningi basusa ama-corms enhlabathini bawabeke ukuze agcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, futhi kufanele ukhethe indawo epholile kahle, kodwa izinga lokushisa lapho akufanele lehle ngaphansi kwama-degree 0. Kodwa-ke, ukugaya nokugcina ama-cigar buds we-tigridia akulula kangako. Ukuze izinto zokutshala zigcinwe kahle kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kufanele zivuthwe ngokuphelele, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ama bulbs kufanele asuswe nini enhlabathini ekwindla. Le nqubo yenziwa kuphela lapho wonke amapuleti eqabunga eselubekiwe esihlahleni. Uma kunokusongela kwesithwathwa, kepha amaqabunga asaluhlaza, kuyanconywa ukumba izihlahla kanye nesixha somhlaba, okufanele sibe sikhulu ngokwanele, bese sidluliselwa egumbini elipholile nelikhanyiswe kahle. Kungemva kokuba amapuleti eqabunga ephenduka aphuzi futhi ethandiwe lapho kungaba khona ukubhekana nezinto zokutshala ukuze zigcinwe. Ukulungiselela ama-corms wesitoreji kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza, ukuwasha, nokunamathisela isixazululo somuthi Maxim kanye nokomiswa ngokuphelele. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezingane kusuka kubazali kumele kwenziwe entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala, kepha hhayi ekwindla.

Imithetho yokugcina

Ama-corms kufanele abekwe esitsheni esigcwele isihlabathi noma i-peat eyomile. Zigcinelwe ukugcinwa egumbini elipholile (3-10 degrees) elinomswakama ojwayelekile. Futhi, u-anyanisi, uma ufisa, ungafakwa emasakeni amaphepha ahlanzwa eshalofini esiqandisini, enzelwe imifino, lapho izogcinwa khona kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngalo lonke ubusika, ungakhohlwa ama-bulbs, kufanele kwenziwe isheke elihlelekile, lapho wonke ama-bulb asaphazekile futhi obolile kufanele alahlwe.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-tigridia

Abalimi bahlakulela uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwalesi siko - tigridia peacock (Tigridia pavonia). Lolu hlobo luvela eMexico naseGuatemala. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka ku-0,25 kuya ku-0,7 m. Phezu kwama-corms, anesimo esingajwayelekile, angama-flakes aqhekezayo. Amabhuleki afinyelela kubude obuyi-60 mm kanye nobubanzi obuyi-40 mm. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, ukuqothuka okugcwele kwe-corm endala kuyabonakala, noma kunjalo, izingane zikhula kuyo, ezakha izidleke. Kwi-corm yomzali, inani lezingane nezikali ebusweni cishe licishe lifane. Ukhula lwezimbali ezingama-3-5 luzokhula luqhamuke kwisibalu esisodwa, kube nezimbali ezi-5 ezakha ngasinye sazo. Amapuleti amaqabunga aqhakaza obude obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anomumo we-xiphoid. Izimbali, ububanzi ezifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10- 10, zinezindawo ezi-lobes ezi-6, zivula ngokuhlukile. Ku-perianth, ama-lobes angaphandle anemibala e-orange-violet noma ebomvu saturated, kanti ama-lobes angaphakathi awakukhulu njengalawo angaphandle, anombala obonwe ngawolintshi ophuzi, onjenge pharynx. Ama-Tigridium blooms ngoJulayi-Agasti, ngenkathi isikhathi sokuphila sembali ngayinye singamahora angama-8-10. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sezimbali singamaviki ayi-2-3,5. Amafomu engadi:

1. Alba. Izimbali zimhlophe, futhi ebusweni bazo kukhona amabala abomvu.
2. Aurea. Phezu kwezimbali eziphuzi ezimnyama kukhona amabala we-carmine.
3. UCarminea. Izimbali ziwolintshi, zimbozwe ngamahlamvu aphuzi.
4. ILilacea. Ezimbali ezibomvu ezibomvu kukhona izindawo ze-carmine.
5. Rosalind. Umbala wezimbali uphuzi.
6. I-Canariensis. Izimbali eziphuzi zinombala ocebile ophakathi nendawo.
7. Okukhethekile. Umbala wezimbali ubomvu obomvu, nakuzo kukhona amabala aphuzi golide.

I-Tigridia Ferraria ingxube ehlanganisiwe idumile impela: ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-0.6 m, amapuleti amaqabunga anomumo we-xiphoid, izimbali zingamasentimitha ayi-15 ngaphesheya, amacembe awo angaphandle aqinile ngombala (lilac-pink, white, red, orange or yellow) , ezinhlamvwini ezintathu zangaphakathi kunezindawo ezinhle kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bokukhetha basebenzisa i-tigridia yaseMexico ngezimbali eziphuzi, i-tigridia yeshubhu enezimbali ezinombala opinki kanye ne-lilac blue tigridia celeriana emsebenzini wabo. Futhi basebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo ezingakhuli ngokuzimela ngabalimi.