Ukukhulisa, ukunakekela kanye nokondla izinkukhu ze-broiler

Ekhuluma ngama-broilers, asho izinkukhu zenyama, eziphawulwa ngamanani okukhula aphezulu, osayizi abakhulu futhi omuhle kakhulu, ofanelekile ukuthambisa inyama.

Ukuhlela ukulinyelwa, ukunakekelwa nokondla izinkukhu ezingama-broiler kuyathakazelisa inani elikhulayo labalimi bezinkukhu. Futhi lokhu akumangazi neze.

Emavikini angama-7-8 nje, inyoni ikhula ibe ngu-1.5-2,5 kg, okuyilapho, ngendlela efanele yesikhathi esifudumele, noma epulazini elincane, ikuvumela ukuba ukhule izinkukhu eziningi ezi-1-2.

Izici zezinkukhu ezikhulayo ze-broiler

Ukuze izinkukhu zezinkukhu ezingama-broiler kanye neziphambano zifeze injongo yazo, zidinga ukunakekelwa okunempilo nokudla okukhethwe ngokucophelela. Uma inyoni ingezosetshenziselwa ukuzala, khona-ke izinkukhu ezingama-broiler ekhaya zivame ukukhula zingabi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-70. Ngemuva kwalokho, inzuzo emzimbeni wesisindo somzimba iyancipha enyameni, kepha ukudla okufungelwayo kuhlala kusezingeni elifanayo, okusho ukuthi inzuzo evela emfuyweni enjalo yehla kakhulu.

Ukugxila komfuyi wezinkukhu lapho kukhuliswa izinkukhu ezingama-broiler ukunakekelwa nokondla izinkukhu. Kokubili lokho, futhi okunye kubalulekile ukusungula kusuka ngosuku lokuqala lokuhlala kwamachwane emnothweni, ngoba ukubambezeleka kuvame ukuba imbangela, uma kungenjalo ukufa, kube buthaka kangako, ukubuyiselwa emuva kokukhula kanye nokuwohloka kwemfuyo.

Emnothweni wasekhaya, ama-broilers ahlala ezindlini zezinkukhu kudoti ojulile noma okuqukethwe kweseli kuyasetshenziswa.

Esimweni sokuqala, igumbi le-broiler kufanele livikeleke ezimweni zezulu langaphandle, futhi phansi kufanele ifudumele futhi yomile. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-sawdust njengemfucuza, ebikade yomiswe kahle ngaphambili. Ungathatha ezinye izinto eziqinisekisa ukoma okungapheli, ukuhlanzeka nokuqina kwekhava yaphansi.

Ngaphambi kokugcwala kwezinkukhu:

ukwenza ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokomisa indlu;
phansi embozwe ungqimba welamula othambilewe ngesilinganiso se-0.5-1.0 kg ngemitha eyodwa nesikwele;
uthele i-sawdust phezulu ngesendlalelo esingafika ku-10 cm;
ukudala izimo zokugcina umswakama womoya ezingeni lama-60-65%;
ahlinzeke umoya omncane wegumbi;
gcina ukushisa komoya 26 ° C;
hlinzekela ukukhanyisa amawashi asuku zonke ngezinsuku.

Ngale ndlela yokukhulisa izinkukhu ezingama-broiler, akufanele kube nezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-12-18 ngemitha eyodwa.

Ngenkathi ama-broilers amancane, futhi i-thermoregulation yabo ingaphelele, badinga izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakeme elingaba ngu-26-33 ° C. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, umoya endlini ungaphola ubengu-18-19 ° C. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi inyoni inethezekile, uma kungenjalo kubanda kakhulu futhi nomoya ofudumele ngokweqile uthinta kabi ukukhula nenhlala kahle yamachwane. Ukunganakwa kwemithetho yenkukhu kusongela ukuthi ujwayele nezimpawu zesifo senkukhu esine-broiler kanye nokwelashwa komhlambi okhula kabi.

Ukukhula emakhejini, ikakhulukazi umklamo owenziwe ngamakhemikhali amaningi, kungonga kakhulu indawo yendlu, yenze lula ukucubungula kwayo kokuhlanzeka futhi kulawule nokuphakelwa kwam amaphuphu. Kulokhu, amazinga okushisa nomswakama, kanye nokujwayelekile kokuphakelwa kokudla nsuku zonke kuyafana nokuqukethwe kulitha.

Ukukhula, ukunakekelwa nokondla izinkukhu ezi-broiler kuthonywa kakhulu ngokukhanyiswa kwamaseli noma indlu. Emini, inyoni idla futhi ihambe. Kumnyama gumbi, ukuvilapha okuthe xaxa ukukhula kwamachwane.

Ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini eziyi-14 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, izidleke zihlela ukukhanyiswa kwewashi, bese kancane kancane zishintshela esimweni semvelo.

Broiler ukondla izinkukhu ekhaya

Kodwa-ke, akwanele ukudala izimo ezifanele izinkukhu futhi uzinike inani elifanele lokudla. Ukuthola inyoni enkulu, enempilo kahle ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukudla okulinganiselayo, okuphathelene nobudala.

Ungazondla kanjani izinkukhu ezingama-broiler? Le ndaba ibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abalimi abaqala izinkukhu nabanolwazi abangakaze bahlangane nabo bakhulisa inyoni enjalo. Ezindaweni zasendlini, kusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okumanzi nokwomile kokuzilungiselela kwabo.

Amaviki okuqala lapho amachwane ehleli epulazini aphekelwa ngamakamhede amanzi asuselwa kumaqanda abilisiwe, amabele, oats ochotshoziwe kakolweni, okwenza okungaphansi kwengxenye yokudla okuphelele kokudla. Kusukela emavikini amathathu eminyaka ubudala, amazambane abilisiwe angeniswa kwimenyu, esikhundleni sawo angabi ngaphezu kwesihlanu okusanhlamvu.

Akumele sikhohlwe ngokudla kwamaprotheni, okubeka ukukhula okusebenzayo kwemisipha namathambo. Kuze kube manje, inyoni inikezwa ushizi we-cottage shizi, iyogathi, ukuhlanekezela neminye imikhiqizo yobisi. Kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ubudala, umthombo wamaprotheni ezilwane uyinhlanzi nenyama kanye nesidlo samathambo. Le mikhiqizo kufanele inikezwe kuqala ku-5-7 amagremu ngosuku ngekhanda ngalinye, bese iphinda idonsa kabili.

Ukondla izinkukhu ze-broiler ekhaya kufaka ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwesitshalo okunamaprotheni amaningi, kufaka phakathi isikhwama sembewu enamafutha elanga, zonke izinhlobo zokudla, imbewu ye-legume eyosiwe.

Kusukela eminyakeni emithathu yezinsuku, kudingeka ukondliwa okuluhlaza kwezinkukhu ze-broiler. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngotshani obuluhlaza, iziqongo zezilimo zasensimini, izaqathe ezigayiwe ezi-3-5 amagremu yenkukhu ngayinye. Ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho kungekho-imifino emisha eyanele, akukho ngaphezu kwama-2-5 amagremu wokudla kotshani kanye nezithombo zebhali noma okunye okusanhlamvu kungeniswa ekudleni.

Ukudla ngokweqile kokudla kotshani ekudleni kungadala ukuhanjiswa kwezinkukhu ezi-broiler, ukwelashwa okubandakanya ukulungiswa okuphoqelekile kwemenyu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic nezinye izidakamizwa.

Ukuvimbela izinkinga zokugaya, kufakwa ama-broilers:

zonke ezinye izinsuku, njengesiphuzo, isixazululo se-pink se-potanganum permanganate;
amatshe amhlophe angamasentimitha angaphezu kwama-5 mm, osebenza amathumbu futhi athuthukise ukugaya okusanhlamvu nokunye okuphakelayo kwezinkukhu ezingama-broiler.

Ukusuka ezinsukwini ezi-5 inyoni inikezwa igobolondo elichotshoziwe, kepha hhayi isihlabathi, futhi nokulinganisa ngesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-2 i-chick ngayinye. Okuphakelayo okumbiwa kanye ne-gravel akuhlanganiswa nezinye izingxenye zokudla futhi kuthululelwa ezitsheni ezihlukile ezihlala zisendlini.

Amanzi okushisa egumbi ahlanzekile endlini kufanele abe njalo. Ukukhuphela ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali ze-pathogenic kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamathumbu nezinye izifo, izitsha zihlanzwa njalo futhi zibulawe amagciwane.

Ukukhula okungcono nangendlela yokuvimbela, izinkukhu ezincane zinikezwa izithasiselo zamavithamini kuzimpawu zokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo zenkukhu ezinkukhu. Kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu, imenyu ibilokhu isebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zamafutha ngamavithamini A, D, no-E, kugwema ukweqisa kwemithi esetshenzisiwe.

Zingaki ngosuku futhi uzondla kanjani izinkukhu ezingama-broiler ekhaya? Kuyo yonke impilo, inyoni akufanele ibe mfushane ngokudla. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-7, izinkukhu kumele zithole ukudla okungenani izikhathi eziyi-8 ngosuku, bese inyoni idliwa njalo ngamahora amane. Esontweni lesithathu, isibalo sokudla silethwa kumane, futhi kusukela enyangeni endala kubiliswa izingane ukudla kwasekuseni nakusihlwa.

Zonke izifunzo zenkukhu ezingama-broiler ezimanzi zilungiswa ngendlela yokuthi inyoni ibadle kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40.

Uma abaxube behlala befudumele isikhathi eside, kungenzeka:

imikhiqizo omuncu;
ukusikwa ngamaqanda ezinambuzane;
ukuthuthukiswa kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic.

Zonke lezi zinto zivame ukudala ukubonakala kwesifo sohudo ezinkukhu ezi-broiler, ukwelashwa kwazo okwenza buthaka imfuyo futhi kunciphise izinga lokukhula.

Kusetshenziswa ukuphakela izinkukhu ezingama-broiler

Ukuze uqinise isisindo somzimba, namuhla basebenzisa ama-feed ezenziwe ekhaya nasekwenziwe ekhaya ahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zenyoni. Ukudla okunjalo kunikeza imiphumela emihle ikakhulukazi emasontweni amane okuqala.

Okuphakelayo okuxutshwe okuxutshwe nezinkukhu ezingama-broiler kuyahlukahluka ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana nokwakheka. Imvamisa baphendukela ohlelweni lokuphakelwa lwezigaba ezintathu, olwenzelwe yonke iminyaka yezinkukhu kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ekuhlatshweni.

Yize lezi zingxube zibiza kakhulu kunabaxube bezindlu, zithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza komhlambi okhulayo, zenze lula ukunakekelwa kwezinkukhu ezingama-broiler, ukulima kwazo nokondla, futhi zilawula nokusetshenziswa kokudla.

Esigabeni sokuqala, okuphakelayo kusiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ukudala zonke izindlela zempilo enhle nokukhula kwezinkukhu ngokushesha. Ngale njongo, inani lezithasiselo zamaminerali ekudleni liyakhuphuka, ekudleni kusekelwe ezintweni ezihlelwe kalula.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukondla izinkukhu ezingama-broiler kungumthombo wamaprotheni, i-calcium, amavithamini kanye namafutha, okunikeza ukukhula kwamathambo ngokushesha nokukhula kwemisipha. Ngaphambi kokuhlaba, sebenzisa izingxube zokuqedela ukwandisa ukukhuluphala.