ILaperusia kunzima ukuyikhumbula eqoqweni lezimbali. Amaqabunga angajwayelekile emahlathini avumelanayo, umbala omuhle, izimbali ezinamandla nezimbali ezinhle, ngandlela-thile kusikhumbuza ama-irises, nokuthile mayelana nama-freesias. Isitshalo sase-Afrika esinezimbali eziqhakazile, i-laperusia idinga isikhathi eside kakhulu somoya kanye nokukhuthaza okumnandi kwezimbali. Akazi okulingana phakathi kwalezi zinhlamvu ezinhle futhi ezinamaqabunga amahle. Futhi, ngaphandle kobunzima obuthile, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-exotica enkulu kakhulu evela phakathi kwezikhwanyana.
ILaperusia enezimbali zayo kukhumbuza irises, kepha ngandlela-thile freesia.
ILaperusia iyisihlobo esithobekile se-iris ngezimbali ezingatheleleki
Ama-irises asemakamelweni abonakala engakholeki. Uma sikhuluma nge-irises ejwayelekile futhi ethandekayo yezintshebe, iSiberia, iphuzi noma ezinye izinhlobo zasensimini, khona-ke zinzima ngempela ukukhula ngendlela yohlobo lwegumbi. Kepha emndenini omkhulu futhi ohlukene kakhulu wezimbali ze-Iris kunezitshalo ezizwa zizwakala kahle esikweni lembiza.
Yize iyingqayizivele, kepha izinkanyezi zokusatshalaliswa kwamanje namuhla ziseyi-freesia, gladiolus, montbrecia. ILaperusia ayiyona edume kakhulu, kepha kude ne-nondescript emele umndeni wakwa-Irisaceae. Uqala umsebenzi wakhe wasendlini, futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu ezivandeni zethu. Kepha phakathi kwama-exotic, i-laperuzia ibhekwa kufanelekile njengenye yethembisa kakhulu.
Umsuka we-laperuzia unquma isimo saso esingajwayelekile kanye nomlingiswa ongathandeki. ILaperusia itholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi isatshalaliswa ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Lesi sitshalo sathola igama laso ukuhlonipha isihambi (umgibeli odumile, bheka iLitterouse Strait phakathi kweSakhalin neJapan), othole izitshalo eziningi ezingaziwa zase-Afrika ngamaqoqo aseYurophu - umFulentshi de Laperouse. ILaperusia ikakhulukazi izitshalo zasezintabeni ezitholakala emithambekeni naseziphepheni.
ILaperusia (I-Lapeirousia) - ama-corms, ama-perennials asayizi aphakathi nendawo wezimbali zasentwasahlobo. I-corm ishintsha ukwakheka kusuka ku-ovoid ezitshalweni ezincane kuya ekuthambeni okulandelayo. Isikali esi-fibrous, se-mesh sivutha kuphela ngonyaka wesibili. Le bulb ilungile ngokulinganayo emaqabungeni nakuma-inflorescence. Ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi ezigcwele ngaphakathi, i-laperusia ikhiqiza amaqabunga amaningi futhi abukekayo ahlobisa lesi sitshalo nangaphandle kwenkathi yezimbali. ILaperusia inqotshwe ngomusa, iyisitshalo esihle, esikhanyayo futhi esibonakala sintekenteke kakhulu lapho yonke imininingwane ivumelana khona.
Amaqabunga e-laperusia angama-xiphoid, aqinile ngokuqinile, agoqwa, onomuhle omuhle ophakathi. Zikhula kusuka ku-bulb symmetrically, emigqeni emibili, ngefeni, ezinhlotsheni eziningi ziqinile futhi zicishe zenziwa. Amahlamvu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isibani ngokwalo sibonakala sisezingeni eliphakeme impela, kuyamangaza ngobukhulu nangombala. Amacembe anwetshwe ubude obungu-15 kuya ku-30 cm futhi apendwe ehlathini elicebile lomthunzi oluhlaza obumnyama. Ngokungafani ne-bulb ejwayelekile engaphakathi, i-laperuzia ikhula esihlahleni esipholile futhi esihle.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-laparusia kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Isitshalo esinezimbali ezinkulu, eziqinile sikhiqiza ama-inflorescence-izindlebe zezimbali ezi-6, 8 noma eziyi-12. Aziqhamuki ngokulandelana, kepha "ezinkingeni" eziningi zezimbali ezi-3-4, imbali ngayinye ihlala isikhathi eside kunezimbali eziningi ze-iris - izinsuku ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuma kwembali kuhle kakhulu. ICorolla icishe ifane nososo, ifulethi, okugcizelela kuphela ishubhu eliqondile. Ama-petals amathathu aphansi imbali aveza amabala amnyama ezansi kwamaphayini, okwenza ubudlelwane bezimbali ze-iris. Ama-stamens amafushane afakwe umqhele ngama-anthers amade ngendlela engajwayelekile, aqhakaze kahle umphimbo wezimbali. Ngokwesilinganiso, ububanzi bezimbali ze-laparusia abudluli ku-2 cm, kodwa zibonakala zinkulu, ziyathakazelisa futhi ziyamangalisa.
Indoor laperusia ingaxoshwa, kepha imvamisa izitshalo zikhula ngomjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuthuthuka ogciniwe - onomimbali kuyo yonke intwasahlobo (kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi), isikhathi esishisayo - esomile nasifudumele ehlobo, futhi sigcinwa kubanda - ekhalendeni lobusika. ILaperusia ingeyama-tuberous, abhekene nesikhathi sokuphumula ngokuphelele, ephonsa amaqabunga. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, uhlaza lwesitshalo luyoma kancane kancane, bese isitshalo siba sesigabeni sokuhlala esomile.
Isikimu sombala se-laparusia sikhawulelwe ekukhetheni kombala nje. ILaperusia ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimbali ze-carmine ezihlotshiswe ngamabala amnyama, kepha izimbali ezimhlophe, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ukhilimu ziimpawu zezinhlobo ezithile.
Ngisho nakumakamelo e-laperuzia athela izithelo. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuboshwe amabhokisi ezithelo ayindilinga, lapho imbewu ecwebezelayo yombala onsomi omnyama uvuthwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Imbewu ye-laperuzia inkulu impela, ibanga elingange-3 mm ubukhulu.
I-Laperusia pyramidal (Lapeirousia pyramidalis). ©Elena Ioganson
ICrimson Laperusia (iLapeirousia cruenta).
I-Laperusia resinous (i-Lapeirousia silenoides). ©i-todoplant todoplant
Izinhlobo ze-Indoor Laperuzia
Kunzima ukubiza ukuhlobisa, i-laperuzia yamasiko izinhlobo zezitshalo. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-60 zalezi zinhlayiya ezimangalisayo zihlukaniswa kuhlobo lwe-laperuzia. Engadini nasendlini yesiko sebenzisa izinhlobo ezi-5.
I-Laperusia pyramidal (I-Lapeirousia pyramidalis) - Isitshalo esinesizotha, kodwa esihlobisa kakhulu futhi esingajwayelekile, ubuhle baso singabongwa ngokuphelele nesikhathi. Amaqabunga amangalisayo anepipi eliphakathi kwenaliti elimise okwangaphezulu kanye nenhlabathi enomphetho egoba amahlumela anamandla. I-Peduncle namaqabunga anemibala efanayo, okugcizelela kuphela ukuxakaniseka kwe-laperuzia.
Ama-inflorescences abukeka enjenge-spike ashaqeka ngamabhulokhi oval wombala oluhlaza, kusuka emacosheni lapho kuvela izimbali ezinhle emthini omncane. Izimbali zintekenteke, zinokhilimu omhlophe omuncu futhi onephunga elimnandi kakhulu, ezinamaphara amahle akhonjwe kahle kanye ne-convex tube. Imisipha emincane enombala ogqamile osibhakabhaka igcizelela ukuthi i-peduncle ibukeka ingakanani uma iqhathaniswa nezimbali uqobo.
I-Crimson laperusia (I-Lapeirousia cruenta) ihlala ivame kakhulu kuma-laparusia asekamelweni futhi, imvamisa, itholakala kumakhathalogi ngaphansi kwaleli gama, yize isanda kuthweswa iziqu kabusha njengohlobo lwe-freesia. UFreeia ukhululeke (Freesia laxa) - igama elifana nele crimson laperusia, elibhekwa njengegama elisemthethweni lesitshalo. Amacembe wesitshalo kuma rosette anemigqa emibili anganqunyelwa ku-15 cm futhi akhule afike kuma-30 cm ubude. Ama-Peduncle afinyelela ku-30 cm amade athela uhlangothi olulodwa futhi alugqinsi lwama-inflorescence, lapho kufika khona amasenti angu-12 amasentimitha, apinki okhanyayo, anekoroli yezintambo ezimbili yezimbali.
ILaperusia iyashunqisa (I-Lapeirousia silenoides) - ukubuka okuhle kakhulu ngezimbali ezimnyama, ezipinki nezinezimbali ezingama-cherry. Amaqabunga ahlelwe ngokulandelana kwathayela, asongele isiqu, acishe akhumbuzane nge-pyramidal laperuzia. Ama-peduncle afakwe umqhele wezimbali ezizodwa ezihlukile ezineshubhu elimise okwezimbali kanye nezinsimbi eziyisithupha zama-corolla zesimo esiphelele esenziwe ngendlela yama-alimondi, zihlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Amabala amnyama avele ezansi kwamaphayini aphansi, namabala amhlophe ngaphezulu.
I-laperusia yaseNtabeni (Lapeirousia montana) - Ukubuka kwezimbali ezifana nePushkinia noma iHyacinths. Nge-peduncle ukuphakama okufika ku-45 cm, le laperuzia incane kakhulu, ingamasentimitha ayi-1,5 kuphela ububanzi, futhi ikhiqiza amaqabunga angafika amane. Amacembe ama-basal angama-Linear ahlanganiswe nesiqu esincane. Imicu yezimbali ecindezelwe ithweswa umqhele ngam panicles noma isambulela sama inflorescence anezimbali ezinhle kakhulu. Ishubhu mncane, kanti i-corolla ihlukaniswe kabili njengemibala ebukhali, enemibala e-lilac enendawo emhlophe maphakathi nendawo.
I-Oreogen Laperusia (I-Lapeirousia oreogena) - uhlobo oluyivelakancane, oluhlanganayo nolungadingeki kakhulu, namuhla olugudluzwa njengendlela yemfashini exotic yemfashini yabathandi beqiniso bamasiko abalulekile. Lesi sitshalo simangaza nge-ultramarine, umbala omnyama oluhlaza okotshani we-corolla amacembe anemivimbo emincantathu emnyama enkabeni kanye ne-goose paw emibalabala enombala onsundu. Ukuma kolimi kwamacembe akuvumeli i-ureogen laparuzia ukuthi ifane ne-irises, kepha uhlelo lombala lubakhumbuza ngokuqondile. Amacembe mahle, mancane, acishe abe lanceolate, anemigqa emibili, aze afike ku-20 cm. Ngokuya ngezimo, umbala we-ultramarine-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungashintsha ube onsomi.
I-Mountain laperusia (iLapeirousia montana).
Izimo zokukhula kwe-laperusia yangaphakathi
Lokhu kusimangaliso kwendlu okungajwayelekile okungenazidingo ezibucayi zezimo. Konke okudingekayo ukuze kuphumelele ekukhuleni kwe-laperusia isikhathi esibandayo sokukhanya kanye nokukhanya okwanele. Lesi yisiko elithanda inkululeko esaba ukwalungiswa futhi alikwazi ukukhula ngaphandle komoya omusha.
Njengama-exotic amaningi e-Afrika, i-laperuzia ingabhekwa kufanele ngokuthi yi-greenhouse kanye nesitshalo esingaphakathi endlini. Ezivandeni zasebusika ze-laperuzia kulula kakhulu ukudala izimo ezifanele, kepha futhi ungakhulisa lo mAfrika emakamelweni, udinga nje ukwenza imizamo ethile futhi unake ukunakekelwa.
Ukukhanyisa nokubekwa kwe-laperuzia
Ukukhanyisa okuhle kwe-laperuzia ngeke kudingeke ngesikhathi kuphela kusukela ekuqaleni ukomiswa kwamaqabunga nokufakelwa. Lapho lesi sitshalo sisesimweni sokuhlala ngokuphelele endaweni eyomile, amabhodwe e-laperuzia angabekwa ngisho endaweni emnyama. Kodwa ngemuva kokufakelwa, naphezu kokuqukethwe okubandayo, i-laperuzia kumele ibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo ngokuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile. Kudingeka ukukhanya okukhulu kuze kube yilapho amahlamvu efa.
ILaperusia isitshalo sokutshala efasiteleni. Muhle emakamelweni okulala, amakamelo okuhlala namakamelo amakhulu. Akesabi amaqoqo amakhulu nanoma yimuphi umakhelwane.
Ukushisa nomoya omncane
Amazinga okushisa amakamelo angcono kakhulu kwi-laperuzia esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo. Uhla lwamazinga okushisa asuka ku-+18 kuya ku- +23 degrees, kepha ngeke ahlupheke endaweni eshisayo. Bonke ubunzima bokudala izimo ezintofontofo buhambisana nesikhathi sokuphala sesitshalo.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, i-laperusia igcinwa ifudumele, ivumela amahlamvu ukuba ome. Izimo zokuboshwa azishintshi yize ziphuzi ngokuphelele futhi zifa, zidala indawo efudumele eyomile yesikhathi sokuphumula. Ekwindla, ngo-Okthoba, ngemuva kokufakelwa, amabhodwe anama-bulbs adluliselwa ezimweni ezihlukile kakhulu - kuphole, izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-+5 liye ku-+8 degrees.
Kuhlobo lwamakhaza ebusika obandayo, i-laperusia igcinwa kuze kube nezimpawu zokukhula kwamaqabunga. Ukuthuthukisa i-laperuzia kubuyela ekushiseni kwegumbi, kuphinda wonke umjikelezo. Izitshalo zingatshalwa ngokumba emhlabathini, kepha kulokhu kunobungozi obukhulu bokulahleka kwamabhuleki kusuka ekumeni ngaphandle, ngakho-ke cabanga ngephephelo lecebo lokukhula kwe-laperusia nesikhathi esimanzi endaweni eyomile.
ILaperusia idinga umoya omncane ojwayelekile. Izitshalo aziphenduli kahle ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwezimo ngesikhathi sesigaba sokukhula okusebenzayo (ngenkathi ukuphola kuzobanga ukungazilimazi nakancane). Lapho igcinwa emakhazeni ngemuva kokufakelwa, kubalulekile ukunakekela umoya omncane wegumbi.
I-Laperusia ye-oreogen (i-Lapeirousia oreogena).
Ukunakekelwa kweLaperuzia ekhaya
Ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokuphumula, akunzima neze ukunakekela i-laperuzia. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa ngokucophelela nokugqoka okuphezulu njalo, futhi ukunakekela lesi isibungu kungenzeka noma kubatshali abaqalayo, uma kungenjalo ngesidingo sokulungiswa ngokucophelela kokunisela nokukhuthaza izimbali ezikhethekile. Isikhathi esiningi sonyaka akufanele wenze imizamo emincane. Iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo kulinywe i-laparusia ushintsho olubushelelezi ekusukeni kusukela esikhathini esisebenzayo sokuthuthukela esigabeni sokuphumula kanye okuphambene nalokho.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nokuqhakaza kwe-laperuzia, kulula ukukhetha isu elifanele lokunisela. Ukuvimbela ukungagugi, kulokhu ku-anyanisi kugcina umswakama ozinzile we-substrate, okuvumela ungqimba oluphezulu ukuba lome futhi kukhanye amanzi asuka kumathileyi ngokushesha ngemuva kwale nqubo.
Isikhathi sokuphumula, ukuchelela i-laperusia kumisiwe ngokuphelele. Izitshalo zishintshela kwimodi eyomile kancane kancane, ziqala ukunciphisa ukunisela futhi zikhulise izikhala phakathi kwazo lapho nje amaqabunga eqala ukuphuma. Ngemuva kokumiswa ngokuphelele kwamaqabunga, izitshalo ezine-substrate eyomile zidluliselwa ezimweni ezintofontofo, zimisa zonke izinqubo zamanzi. Ukunisela kuqalisa kancane kancane futhi kancane, ngemuva kokufakelwa, ukumuncwa kancane kwenhlabathi lapho kugcinwa kubanda. Ukunisela kukhuphuka kuphela ngokuqala kokukhula kwamaqabunga, futhi ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zilethwe ekushiseni, ziqala ukufeza ukuthambisa okujwayelekile, okuvumela ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesigcawu ukuba lome futhi kugcinwe umswakama wokukhanya ozinzile.
Ukufakwa nokufakwa komanyolo
ILaperusia, njengawo wonke ama-corms, yondliwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqala ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga bese kuqala ukuthambisa okujwayelekile. Kungcono ukwandisa imvamisa yokugqoka okuphezulu kwalesi sitshalo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile, bese usebenzisa umanyolo 1 isikhathi zonke izinsuku eziyi-10 kuze kuqedwe ukuqhakaza.
Kwi-laperuzia asikho isidingo sokukhetha umanyolo okhethekile we-bulb noma i-tuber. Ama-fertilizer ajwayelekile ajwayelekile amaminerali anesilinganiso esilinganiselayo sama-macrocell amathathu aphambili alungele yena.
Izihlahla nokubumba
Noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuthena zalesi sitshalo zehlela ezindleleni ezilula:
- ukususwa kwe-peduncle ngemuva kokuqhakaza;
- ukususa amaqabunga omile.
Transplant kanye substrate
ILaperusia idluliselwa phakathi kwesigaba sokuphumula nokulungiselela ukuqhakaza okumnandi. Izitshalo zitshalwa ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba. Kwi-laperuzia, kuyathandeka ukusebenzisa iziqukathi eziphakathi nendawo ezinobubanzi obudlula ukujula.
Ukhiye ekukhetheni kwe-substrate ye-laparusia inani layo lokudla okunempilo. Le corm itshalwe ezindaweni ezixubile, ezingxube inhlabathi. Ungasebenzisa isendlalelo sendawo yonke eyenziwe ngomumo noma inhlabathi yama-bulbs, noma ungasebenzisa ingxube elula kakhulu yenhlabathi evela ezingxenyeni ezifanayo zesihlabathi, i-humus ne-peat.
Hhayi kuphela okuphezulu, kodwa futhi nokudonsa okuhlanganisiwe okukhona nengxenyeni enkulu empeleni kubekwa phansi kwezimbiza. Uma inhlabathi ibonakala ingakhululekile ngokwanele emendweni, kungafakwa izithasiselo zokhula - kusuka esihlabathini kuya kusihlabathi noma inert yenhlabathi.
ILaperusia ayilokothi ithale i-bulb eyodwa. Isitshalo sibekwa ngamaqembu, sisuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 ama-PC ebhodweni. Ngemuva kokumba kusuka kwisigatshana esidala, ama-bulbs ayahlolwa, ahlukaniswe, kususwa kuphela izimpande ezomile noma ezilimele, bezama ukungakulimazi okusele, bacubungula izindawo ngezibonakaliso zokubola bese bathambisa yonke impahla yokutshala ngesixazululo esikhanyayo se-fung fung sehora eli-1 sokungabonakali. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-laperuzia ama-laperuzia kumele omiswe. Corms zibekwa ukuze amasentimitha ambalwa womhlaba uhlale phakathi kwabo. Isitshalo asikubekezeleli ukujula okuqinile: setha ama-bulbs ngokulingene, ngamaphoyinti wokukhula phezulu, ukuze ukujula kokutshala kuhlale kusezingeni le-3 cm.
Izinambuzane nezifo ku-laperuzia, hhayi ukuhlupheka, zingenzeki.
Izifo, izilokazane nezinkinga ezikhulayo
Ngokwesiko lasekamelweni, i-laperuzia ingahlupheka kuphela ekunakekelweni okungekuhle nasekwenzeni izimo ezinganele ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Izinambuzane nezifo esitshalweni esingahlushwa wukuqhuma zingenzeki. Ngokweqile komswakama, i-laperusia ingafa ngokubola. Ukulwa nezimpawu zokushiswa nokulimala kwama-bulbs kungaba nje ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo.
Ukusakazwa kweLaperuzia
Indlela elula yokukhiqiza i-laparusia ukuhlukanisa izingane. Ama-corms asizayo ahlukaniswa minyaka yonke ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Imvamisa, izitshalo zizakhela ngentshiseko; ama-bulbs wonyaka angahlukaniswa ngaphandle kokwesaba.Ukuphela kwento okudingeka uyinakekele ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezingane ezingakakakhuli isikali sazo. Imithetho yokutshala nokukhulisa i-laperuzia encane ayihlukile kunamasu ezolimo anconyelwe izitshalo zabantu abadala.
I-laperuzia esebenza kahle izithelo kulula ukuyikhulisa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Lona kuphela i-anyanisi ye-corm ekwazi ukuqhakaza kakade ngonyaka wokuhlwanyela. Imbewu eqoqwe igcinwa ipholile futhi imnyama kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ihlwanyela kanye nezithombo zokuqala. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ku-peat-sand substrate, ngesembozo somhlabathi esikhanyayo. Kwi-laperuzia yakha izimo ezijwayelekile zezithombo ezikhulayo. I-Dive yenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili. Izithombo zifakwa emaqenjini afanayo nalapho kukhula izitshalo zabantu abadala.
