Amagilebhisi bekulokhu kubhekwa njengendawo ehlala eningizimu, edinga ukushisa kakhulu. Ezimweni zehlobo elifushane le-Ural nelaseSiberia, kwakungeyona inkambiso yezolimo ethembisayo. Kodwa-ke, kumashumishumi eminyaka amuva nje, abafuyi bezitshalo batshise izinhlobo ezintsha ezingabekezelela amaqandeni amabi ngaphandle kokulimala. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo sezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabathanda kanye nabathengisi bewayini e-Urals naseSiberia.
I-Urals itholakala ezindaweni ezimbili zezulu: inesizotha futhi isezansi. Amazinga okushisa ebusika esifundeni aqala ukusuka ku-16 ˚˚ ku-Southern Urals kuya ku-24 ˚˚ esifundeni se-Subpolar. Ihlobo lifushane, lingoma futhi lishise, kodwa kungaba nemvula futhi kubande. Ngenxa yokungazethembi kwesimo sezulu okunjalo, ama-Urals angawendawo eyingozi yokulima. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngemithetho yezolimo, futhi lapha ungathola ukuvuna okuhle kwamajikijolo elanga.
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zokukhula e-Urals
Impumelelo yokutshala nokukhula amagilebhisi e-Urals ayixhomeki kubuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo kuphela, kepha futhi ekukhetheni kwezinhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo kufanele zikhethwe kuphela eziklanyelwe, zisetshenziselwa ubusika. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda kahle umehluko phakathi kokuqina kwesithwathwa nokuqina kobusika. Ngeshwa, abakhiqizi bezinto zokutshala kwesinye isikhathi bathatha inkululeko ngokusebenzisa la magama. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobonhlobo yikhono lazo lokubekezelela iqhwa lesikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kokulimala. I-hardness yasebusika yikhono lokusinda ngaphandle kokulahleka kuze kube entwasahlobo enamazinga okushisa ebusika abalulekile. I ephakeme ubusika hardiness yamagilebhisi izinhlobo, enyakatho ingatshalwa.
Ngokwesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-Urals, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobo zomvini zakuqala (izinsuku ezingama-90-110) naphakathi ekuqaleni (izinsuku eziyi-115-130). Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zibonakalise zingcono kakhulu ezimeni zezulu zase Ural:
- Kumemori ye-Dombrowskaya - ekuseni (izinsuku ezingama-90-100). Ama-bunchi afinyelela ku-400 g, amajikijolo amnyama, angenazithombo.
- Ekukhunjuleni kweShatilov - ekuqaleni (izinsuku eziyi-100), kubusika impela-Hardy. Amajikijolo akhanya.
- I-pinkmemeg yokuqala yase-pink - izinsuku ezingama-110, amajikijolo apinki, amnandi. Isigejane esifinyelela ku-700 g.
- ISamokhvalovich - ekuqaleni (izinsuku eziyi-110). Isixuku esingafika ku-200 g, obukhulu. Amajikijolo anamakha, aluhlaza okotshani.
- I-Olga noma uBeauty weNyakatho - ekuqaleni (izinsuku eziyi-110). Isixha esifinyelela ku-600 g, amajikijolo e-amber-aphuzi.
- I-Aleshenkin noma i-Alesha - ephakathi ekuqaleni (izinsuku eziyi-115). Isixha esifinyelela ku-700 g, amajikijolo akhanyayo, i-amber.
- I-Negro - okuphakathi kuqala (izinsuku ezingama-125). Isigejane esifinyelela ku-600 g, amajikijolo amdaka, amnandi.
- ILydia - ephakathi ekuqaleni (izinsuku eziyi-125). Isigejane esifinyelela ku-200 g, amajikijolo aphuzi-apinki, amnandi.
- I-White muscat Shatilova - ephakathi ekuqaleni (izinsuku eziyi-130). Ama-bunches akhula aze afike ku-1 kg, amajikijolo aluhlaza aphuzi, amnandi. Ibanga elikhiqiza kakhulu.
Abathengisi beviniga abanolwazi esifundeni se-Ural bayalulekwa ukuthi baqale ngezinhlobonhlobo "Ngokukhumbula iShatilov", "Kwinkumbulo yeDombrovskaya", "Aleshenkin". Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezona ezingabekezeleleki kunazo zonke, okulula ukuzinakekela futhi eziqinile ebusika.
Ukutshala nokukhula
Ukutshala izithombo kwenziwa kangcono engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni -Julayi, lapho usongo lweqhwa ludlula futhi inhlabathi ifudumala kuze kufike ku-1515 ˚С. Ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha indawo enelanga kunazo zonke esizeni, lapho ilanga lingashoni usuku lonke. Endaweni yokutshala amagilebhisi, inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhululeka, okunempilo, umswakama- futhi ukwazi ukuphefumula.
Kunikezwa indawo okungenani eyi-1 m ngesihlahla ngasinye2. Amabhasi angabodwa angatshalwa emigodini 1 X 1 X 1 m ngosayizi. Uma uhlela ukutshala izihlahla ngokulandelana, udinga ukulungiselela umsele obubanzi obuyi-1 m futhi ujule. Ubude bawo babalwa ngenani lamabichi: okungenani 1 m ngesitshalo ngasinye. Indawo enhle yomsele isukela enyakatho iye eningizimu. Phansi komgodi noma umsele, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukukhipha amanzi: kubeka 20-30 cm wamatshe amakhulu, amatshe cobblestones. Thela ungqimba lodaka olwandisiwe lwe-10-15 cm noma amatshe amancane. Umgodi osele ugcwele ingxube yesihlabathi (noma i-vermiculite), i-humus evuthiwe nenhlabathi yengadi. Ama-phosphoric ne-potassium fertilizer, i-ash ash lokhuni ingangezwa kule ngxube.
Umgodi wokutshala ulungiswa izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, cishe ngoMashi-Ephreli. Nisela umgodi amahlandla amaningana ukuze inhlabathi ekuwo yacwila futhi yahlanganiswa. Inhlabathi akufanele ifinyelele emaphethelweni nge-20 cm. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umgodi uzodinga ukugcwaliswa ngenhlabathi kuya phezulu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, amagilebhisi kufanele afakwe ku-cm angama-30 ubude. Amabhasi akhula emseleni kufanele afakwe ngaphakathi ngendlela yamazambane - ngenhlanganisela. Le ndlela izokuvumela ukuthi uqongelele ukushisa enhlabathini ezungeze izihlahla.
Ukuze kube yisithombo phakathi komgodi olungiselelwe, bambe umgodi omncane, uwuthele ngamanzi bese utshale amagilebhisi. Umhlaba uzungeze isithombo uhlanganisiwe. Amanzi njengoba inhlabathi yomile, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Lapho isithombo siqala ukukhula, ukuthambisa kuyamiswa - amagilebhisi ayoba namanzi anele asemhlabathini. Sekukonke phezu kwehlobo udinga ukukhiqiza ukuthambisa okuningi okungama-2-3.
Ukugcina izithombo zokugcina imishini akufanele kusetshenziselwe ukutshala amagilebhisi, ngoba isitshalo sidinga indawo yokuhlala yeqhwa ukuze siphumelele ubusika.
Kowokuqala, kwesinye isikhathi kwesesibili, unyaka, izithombo zamagilebhisi azilwanga. Kufanele zithole ubunzima bezimpande futhi zikhule izivini ezi-1-2 ngobude okungenani bemitha. Kulokhu, amahlumela anamandla kakhulu akhethwa kusuka kwisithombo, kanti amanye aphukile lapho evela. Ungashiya ihlumela elilodwa ngaphambi kokuwa - isipele. Ekwindla, umvini obuthakathaka kakhulu uyakhishwa.
Uma kushiywe ihlumela elilodwa kuphela esibambeni, khona-ke kuso eduze kwesisekelo udinga ukushiya indodana eqinile futhi uyixhine kanye nomvini omkhulu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, le ndodana izothatha umvini ekukhuleni kwayo. Esitshalweni, ngaso sonke isikhathi udinga ukushiya ihlumela elilodwa lowesilisa - wokuvunda impova.
Ukusebenza kwamagilebhisi ehlobo kufaka ukuchelela, ukucwilisa, ukwenza amatshe (ukucindezela iziqongo zemivini), ukuthambisa inhlabathi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwempande ngamanzi amaningi ukuze inhlabathi igcwale kahle. Musa ukunisela amagilebhisi ngaphezulu kwamahlamvu, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni. Eduze kwezihlahla kuhle kakhulu ukutshala i-siderata, utshani obudlulile bungashiyelwa khona lapho ukuze mulch umhlabathi - lokhu kuyawathanda kakhulu amagilebhisi. NgoJulayi, umsebenzi esivinini kufanele kuhloswe ngawo ukuvikela izitshalo ezifweni fungal. Ekuqaleni kwenyanga, ukufaka umanyolo ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kufanele kwenziwe.
Amagilebhisi ahlala akha amaqabunga amaningi kanye namabhulashi wezithelo kunokuba "ezondla." Uma bonke bavunyelwe ukuvuthwa, ihlathi lizophela ngokushesha bese amajikijolo akulo abe mancane. Futhi ehlobo elifushane le-Ural, bamane bangavuthi ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yamabhulashi kusuka kumagilebhisi kufanele isuswe. Imvamisa shiya amaqanda ama-3-4 emvinini. Uma amabhulashi amabili esekhule eceleni, asusa amancane futhi abuthakathaka. Noma ungavumela yonke imabhulashi ukuba iphole futhi isethwe, bese ususa kuphela amaqembu angenamandla futhi angavamile.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, kumele ahlolwe ngokucophelela futhi asuswe alimale futhi enesifo. NgoSepthemba, amaqabunga kufanele asuswe kancane kancane emvinini wezithelo ukuze aveze amajikijolo elangeni. Musa ukukha wonke amaqabunga ngasikhathi sinye - lokhu kungaholela ekushisweni yilanga kweqembu lamagilebhisi nemivini.
Lapho izivini zikhula futhi amajikijolo avuthwa, amagilebhisi aqiniswa esisekelweni. Kungaba yisigxobo esinama-crossbeams, a trellis, arbor.
Ukuthena amagilebhisi
Ukuthena imivini kuyadingeka ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, kanye nokulungiselela kangcono ubusika. Izihlahla kwenziwa kuyo yonke inkathi yonyaka (ukuqothula ama-stepons) nasekwindla. Ukuthena i-Autumn kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa, ngokuqala kwesithando sokuqala.
Abalimi abaningi abaqala ukubuza umbuzo: kanjani ukusika amagilebhisi ehlobo? Ukuthena ehlobo kufaka:
- Izihlahla zemivini zomiswa ebusika;
- Ukususa ama-ovaries abuthakathaka futhi angavamile.
- Ukususwa njalo kwama-stepons namahlumela abuthakathaka.
- I-coinage (i-pinching) ukusuka maphakathi noJulayi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
- Ukucaciswa komqhele ngoSepthemba - ukususwa kwengxenye yamaqabunga. Amaqabunga afihla amabhulashi okuvuthwa, amaqabunga aphansi, kanye namaqabunga amadala nanokugula ayasuswa.
Ngosizo lokuthena ekwindla, kwakheka imivini yezithelo (imikhono) kanye namahlumela okufaka esikhundleni sayo. Esifundeni se-Ural, okulungile kakhulu ukuncishiselwa kwe fan okwenziwe izingalo ezine. Kwakhiwa imivini emine esiqwini esinendawo yezithelo namahlumela (amafindo) okufaka esikhundleni salokho.
Isikhathi sokuqala imivini kanye nendodana yokutholwa ishiywe (uma ikhona) inqunywa ibe yi-4-6 buds, isuse wonke ama-anonsna, ama-antennae, amaqabunga. Ngemuva kwalokho imivini iphonswa ngokuqondile ngenhla komhlaba ukuze ibe yindawo ebusika.
Ngonyaka wesibili, amahlumela amasha azothuthuka kusuka kuma-buds alahliwe. Kulezi, ezingama-4 kweziqine kakhulu zishiywe (2 kumvini ngamunye), bese ezinye zisuswa. Ngokuwa kwalezi amahlumela kuzothuthukisa imivini emisha, okuzothi ngonyaka olandelayo ikwazi ukujabulisa isivuno sokuqala.
Ingxenye ekhiqiza kakhulu yomvini wezithelo iphakathi nendawo. Lokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe lapho wenza izihlahla ezimfushane zasekwindla, bese ushiya ama-8-10 buds kuzo. Entwasahlobo, phansi komvini ngamunye onjalo, kuyadingeka ukushiya ihlumela elinamandla, elizokhula phezu kwehlobo futhi libe yindawo yokuhlumela umvini owandayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-3-4 yokwenza izithelo, imivini inqunywa ekwindla, ishiye isiphunzi esincane, bese kufakwa amahlumela amancanyana asele. Ngakho-ke, amagilebhisi aneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala angakhula ezimpandeni ezikhulisiwe zangemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu.
Ungabona inqubo yokuthenwa kwamagilebhisi ekwindla yevidiyo:
Igobolondo lamagilebhisi ebusika
Igobolondo lamagilebhisi ebusika liyindaba efanelekile. Izinga lokukhosela lincike ekuphephekeni kwezihlahla nasekuvuneni konyaka olandelayo. Akunakwenzeka ukumboza amagilebhisi kakhulu esilondeni, ngoba ngokufudumala ezinso, isikhunta singakha futhi siwaqede. Kuyadingeka ukumboza amagilebhisi lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla laya ku-5 ° C bese kuthi ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liqhume. E-Urals eseningizimu, lokhu kuvame ukuba maphakathi no-Novemba. Amahlumela amagilebhisi, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zezinhlamvu, akwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa le -20 -С, futhi ngenxa yalokho azosinda ngokuthula kule nkathi.
Imivini ayinakubekwa ngqo emhlabathini, uma kungenjalo entwasahlobo zingangena zimanzi lapho zincibilika inhlabathi. Kungcono ukuwabeka phezu kwegridi yamapulangwe noma kungqimba yezinaliti zikaphayini ezomile. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, kumele ambozwe ngamagatsha kaphayini noma ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, indwangu engeyona eyakhiwe ezingqekweni eziningana, kanye ne-tarpaulin. Uma ehlathini lilincane, ungasebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo yokukhosela: jikisa imivini ibe yindandatho, ubeke ungqimba lwenaliti owomile bese uyimboza ngebhokisi lezinkuni noma ngebhakede kusuka phezulu. Phezu kwebhokisi phonsa amagatsha esihlahla sonwele noma ungqimba obukhulu botshani.
Isendlalelo esingaphezulu kakhulu sendwangu ifilimu, i-ruberoid noma isilayidi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusalinde iqhwa. Ubusika base-Ural bungaletha iqhwa ngokweqile nangokusweleka. Kunoma ikuphi, ngesikhathi sokuqala kweziqalo ezinzima, ukushuba kwesembozo seqhwa endaweni yokukhosela yamagilebhisi kufanele kube okungenani ngama-40 cm. Izinga elinjalo leqhwa lizovumela izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo ligcinwe endaweni yokukhosela ebusika bonke. Uma kuneqhwa elincane, khona-ke kungcono ukusishisa ngokukhethekile esivinini.
Entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, indawo yokuhlala kufanele ivulwe ukuze kunikeze umoya opholile emvinini. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwesihlahla, amagilebhisi awesabi isithwathwa, kepha kufanele ambozwe yilanga kusuka ngomuthi ongashisi noma ngamagatsha ayi-spruce.
Ngokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap, amagilebhisi kumele ambozwe futhi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Imivini echichima ujusi ingafa uma isithwathwa siguqulwa sibe yiqhwa. Ishelter kufanele isuswe ngokuphelele kuphela ngemuva kokuphela kwesithwathwa esibuyayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlumela amasha emvinini anesikhathi sokukhula ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Lapho imivini iqiniswa eziqongweni zezihlahla, ezinye amahlumela amasha zingaqedwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokuthena okufushane kwekwindla, udinga ukushiya ama-buds ama-2 ngaphezulu - ukuthola umshuwalense.
Naphezu kobusika obunzima kanye nehlobo elifushane, ama-Urals namuhla ayindawo efanelekile yokutshala amagilebhisi. Ngemizamo yabathandi amajikijolo welanga esifundeni, kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esihle kakhulu.
