Epiphyllum ungowomndeni we-cactus. Kuyi-epiphytic cactus. Le mbali ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ingatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika naseMexico. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi ama-epiphyllums awahlobene ncamashi nama-phyllocactus (iqabunga leqabunga) futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi anefomu lokukhula kwesihlahla somdubulo, isisekelo sawo sinezikhundla, futhi isiqu simise ngamaqabunga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-phyllocactus abizwa ngokuthi ama-nzalo, lapho kunenombolo enkulu eyakhiwe ngesisekelo sama-epiphyllums ngezinhlobo zohlobo oluhlobene. Izitshalo ezinjalo yi-heliocersus (Heliocereus), nopalxochia (Nopalxochia), selenicereus (Selcnicereus), kanye nezinye.
Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwalolu hlobo kwenziwa ngu-Adrian Haworth, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1812. Wanikeza lesi sitshalo igama, elakhiwa amagama esiGreki asho i-epi - "kusuka phezulu" ne-phyllum - "iqabunga". Ngakho-ke, u-Adrian, kunjengokungathi, wagcizelela ukuthi izimbali zakha kulesi sitshalo ngqo emaqabungeni. Kodwa-ke, lawa kwakungewona amaqabunga, kepha ngeziqu (modified).
Iziqu zalesi simbali ezinamaqabunga angenamacembe ale mbali zinama-notches, futhi izinsalela nazo zitholakala emaphethelweni azo. Lawa maqabunga akhiwa ezilinganisweni zamahlumela ngaphansi kwama-areoles futhi abukeka njengesikali esincane. Izimbali ezimise okomshini omnandi zinkulu futhi zineshubhu ende yezimbali.
Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zingaba nombala ohlukile, okuyi: ukhilimu, upinki, omhlophe, ophuzi, obomvu ngemithunzi ehlukene. Azikho izimbali eziluhlaza okotshani. Futhi lesi sitshalo sidume ngokubizwa nge- "cactus-orchid".
I-Epiphyllum ingathela izithelo ngisho nasekhaya, kepha ngenxa yalokhu idinga impova yokuwela. Izithelo zaso zikhulu impela, ziyafana ngosayizi ngeplamu. Isendlalelo saso sivame ukuba nemikhaba, futhi futhi sipendwe ngombala ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi (kuya ngokuthi yiphi imbali imbala uqobo). Lezi zithelo zingadliwa, inyama yazo inambitheka omnandi we-sitrobheli-uphayinaphu.
Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-epiphyllum
I-Epiphyllum serated (Epiphyllum crenatum)
Le mbali iyinhlangano ye-semi-epiphytic cactus. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela kumaphakathi wamasentimitha ayi-100. Ibuye ibe neziqu ezakhiwe ngamaqabunga futhi ziwugqinsi obukhulu kakhulu bamuva, ubude bayo bungama-0.7 m, nobubanzi bawo ngamasentimitha angama-4- 10. Azikho izinaliti kuma-areoles, kepha lolu hlobo lwama-epiphyllum blooms kuphela ebusuku.
I-Epiphyllum acidic (Epiphyllum oxypetalum)
Le mbali ingafinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Iziqu zaso ezinomthi obude bude kakhulu, futhi kusuka ngaphansi zinciphile. Iziqu eziphakeme impela (kufika ku-10 cm) zinamamaki amakhulu eceleni komphetho. Izimbali ezimhlophe zinephunga elimnandi kakhulu futhi ngobude zifinyelela kuma-cm angama-20. Futhi zineshubhu, ebusweni lapho kukhona khona izikali ezisakazekile. Kulesi simbali, izithelo zinombala obomvu. Kukhona futhi nzalo eminingi ehlukile ngombala wezimbali nosayizi.
Epiphyllum Lau (Epiphyllum laui Kimnach)
Le lithophytic kanye ne-epiphytic cactus ikhula ngokushesha. Amahlumela awo akamuva angamasentimitha angama-1 noma 2 cm ububanzi nangu-5 kuya ku-7 cm.Imbali inezinalithi ezi-1 kuya kweziyi-5 ezinaliti, ezinwele ezifinyelela ku-3-5 mm ubude Ukuvulwa kwezimbali kuvame ukwenzeka kusihlwa, bese ziphela emva kwezinsuku ezimbili.
I-Epiphyllum angular (Epiphyllum anguliger)
Lesi sitshalo sinamahlahla futhi sikhulule isiqu saso. Ingxenye etholakala ngezansi iyindilinga, kepha futhi inonxantathu (esigabeni sesiphambano). Iziqu ze-Lanceolate lateral ziqoshwe eceleni komphetho, futhi ububanzi bazo buvela ku-4 kuye ku-8 cm, ubude - ukuya kumitha eyi-1. Kuma-areoles kukhona ama-bristles amhlophe ayi-1 noma 2. Izimbali ezinamakha zikhulu kakhulu (10 kuya ku-15 cm).
I-Hooker Epiphyllum (i-Epiphyllum hookeri)
Le cactus inezintambo eziqinile ze-arched (lezo ezi-drooping azivamile). Ububanzi balezi ziqu ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ama-areoles akhiwe ebangeni le-5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Izimbali ezimhlophe zikhulu impela.
Epiphyllum phyllanthus (Epiphyllum phyllanthus)
Lama cacti aneziqu obude bawo buvela ku-50 kuye ku-100 cm. Futhi ubude besiqu esakhiwe ngamaqabunga (sekondari) lisuka ku-25 liye ku-50 cm. Ama-Pubescent areoles atholakala. Izimbali zikhulu impela futhi ububanzi zisuka ku-4 kuye ku-18 cm.
Epiphyllum Thomas (Epiphyllum thomasianum)
Le cactus inesihlahla futhi ineziqu ezinde (ezingafika kumamitha amane), kanye neziqu ze-pubescent.
I-Epiphyllum: Ukukhula nokunakekela ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Ukuze lesi sitshalo siqhume kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo, sidinga isibalo esikhulu ngokwanele, kodwa kufanele sisetshenziswe. Kuhle ukuyibeka eduze kwamawindi akhiwe engxenyeni esentshonalanga noma empumalanga yegumbi. Uma itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yegumbi, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwe-epiffilum kuzoba kunqabile, futhi uma eningizimu izodinga ukufiphala kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwasemini. Ngenkathi efudumele, abatshali abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuthi bavuselele imbali emgwaqweni futhi udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyayo, ezovikelwa elangeni eliqondile.
Ukushisa
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, le mbali izizwa imnandi emazingeni okushisa angama-20 kuye kwangama-25. Ukusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari, lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokuphumula okuhlobene, ngakho-ke kufanele sibekwe endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-10 kuye kwangama-15 degrees).
Umswakama womoya
Akadingi umswakama ophezulu, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma igumbi lishisa kakhulu, kufanele ulilayishe njalo kusuka esibhamu sokufafaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amanzi agcinwe kahle futhi athambile kahle.
Ukunisela
I-Epifillum entwasahlobo nasehlobo kufanele iniselwe kakhulu, ngoba izwe lakubo lingamahlathi omanzi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba womile kancane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umhlaba ebhodweni kufanele uhlale unomswakama. I-epiphyllum iniselwa ngamanzi ahleliwe, athambile futhi apholile.
Ebusika, lapho imbali iqala ukuphumula, kufanele iniselwe kaningi. Ukunisela kuyaphela ngokuphelele uma isitshalo sithuthelwa egumbini elibandayo kakhulu ebusika. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sentwasahlobo, baqala ukuyinkcenkceshela kaningi, futhi ngenkathi kumiswa ukuqhakaza - kakhulu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, imbali kufanele inikezwe isikhathi esi-1 emavikini ama-2 bese isetshenziselwa lo manyolo we-cacti. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ama-buds, kuphekelwa nge-mullein exutshwe emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1: 4. Noma i-epiphyllum ibuna, ingaqhubeka nokondliwa nge-mullein kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo (amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga). Futhi ungakwethula ngenye indlela i-mullein nomanyolo ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Inhlabathi
Le mbali ithanda umhlaba ovundile. Ngakho-ke, ungenza umhlaba uzixube. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa umhlabathi we-fiber-turf kanye nenhlabathi eshidi namalahle ahlanganisiwe nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 4: 1: 1. Inhlabathi elungele i-cacti nayo kufanelekile. Futhi ungaxuba isihlabathi esimahala nengxube yeshidi (eyenziwe ngesivalo) ngesilinganiso esingu-4: 1. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi icishe ilingane ne-pH 5-6. Kunoma ikuphi ingxube yenhlabathi ye-epiphyllum akufanele ibe yilamula.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kuphela uma kunesidingo, futhi kungcono ukukwenza ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi imbiza yezimbali kumele isondele esitshalweni - lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kube nezimbali eziningi. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zakhona zibuthakathaka, ibhodwe kufanele likhethwe ngokungashayi emhlolweni, li-porous futhi libanzi impela. Ngemuva kokudlulisa imbali, kumele ibekwe endaweni enomthunzi ohlukanisiwe, futhi ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela.
Isikhathi sezimbali
Lapho imbali iqala ukukhula ngentshiseko (imvamisa emasontweni edlule ebusika), ihluma kuma-areoles aqhakazile. Musa ukuhlela kabusha ibhodwe ngalesi sikhathi ukuze lesi sitshalo singalahli ukuqunjelwa. Izimbali, njengomthetho, ziqala entwasahlobo, kuthi ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izimbali ziwe emva kwezinsuku eziyi-5. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-epiphyllum idinga ukuthambisa okuhle, ukuthambisa kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu. Uma uyinakekela kahle, khona-ke izophinda iqhume ekwindla.
Kusuka ku-1 areola, kungavela imbali eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ezitshalweni ezindala, ngokuhlelekile kudingeka zisuse iziqu ezindala. Kunconywe futhi ukuthi kususwe amahlumela onqenqema kwesinye isikhathi avele, ngoba ama-buds angavamile kakhulu kuwo.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Epiphyllum
ICactus epiphyllum ingasatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, ukusikwa kwesiqu, kanye nembewu. Ngakho-ke, i-cacti encane enenalithi ivela embewini, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ameva ayanyamalala, bese kuvela iziqu ezinamacembe aqine njengamaqabunga. Ukuze imbewu ihlume, idinga izinga lokushisa lama-20 kuya kwangama-25 degrees. Izimbali zokuqala zivele zenzeka eminyakeni emi-4 noma emi-5.
Izinhlobo ezisikiwe zisikwa kuphela kusuka amahlumela asicaba, futhi ubude bazo kufanele bube yi-10-15 cm. Ngemuva kwesisekelo sesiqu sikhonjwa (esingunxantathu) bese somiswa, "sibekwa" esitsheni esincane esingenalutho ukuze siqondiswe phansi sibheke phansi. Lapho, kufanele uhlale izinsuku ezi-2 noma ezi-3. Ngokutshala, uzodinga izimbiza ezinobubanzi obungu-7 cm, okumele ugcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yomhlaba yokwakhiwa okulandelayo: isihlabathi sixubene ne-turf nenhlabathi eyinqaba ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 4: 5. Ingqimba ephezulu ka-2 cm kufanele ibe nesihlabathi somfula esigeziwe. Ukusika okulungiselelwe kulinyelwe ekujuleni kwamasentimitha futhi akukho manzi kosuku olu-1, futhi kuhlanzwe endaweni enomhluzi ngalesi sikhathi.
Imininingwane ekusakazweni kwe-epiphyllum
Izifo ze-Epiphyllum kanye nezinambuzane
Isitshalo singatholwa yisifo esinjenge-mosaic ye-epiphyllums. Amabala amaningi amancane wombala okhanyayo avela esihlahleni (esiqwini), bese ihlumela liwa, bese amathiphu esomile emahlumela. Kunzima ukulwa naleli gciwane, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuqeda isitshalo esinezifo.
Futhi kwi-epiphyllum, inambuzane esikalini, i-mealybug kanye ne-aphid ingahlala. Futhi uma isemgwaqweni, khona-ke i-slug. Futhi imbali ingahle ibonakale ikhula endaweni ekhulayo ebambe ukhula, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka fungal, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa ye-fusarium.
