U-Eshsholtsiya (Eschscholzia), obizwa nangokuthi i-California poppy, ungummeleli womndeni we-poppy. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi. Endle, lesi sitshalo sitholakala eNtshonalanga Melika. Kukhona inganekwane eyodwa yasendulo ngekhulu le-16. abavukuzi begolide abavela eSpain bahamba ngomkhumbi baya ogwini lwaseMelika ngethemba lokuthola izimayini zegolide. Bengahambi ngomkhumbi ngamamayela angama-35 ukuya ogwini, babona ukukhanya kwegolide baphuthuma ogwini lwaseCalifornia, benethemba lokuthi liyokhazimula igolide. Kepha babelindelwe ukudumazeka, ngoba kwakuyinkambu ye-escholzia eyayigolide. Kusukela lapho, lesi sitshalo sinegama elisha lokudlala esinikezwe lona ngabaseSpain, "Copa de Ora", elihumusha ngokuthi "isitsha segolide". Le mbali iqanjwe ngemuva kwesazi sezilwane saseRussia, isazi sezitshalo, usosayensi wezemvelo nodokotela uJohann Friedrich von Eshscholts, ngenxa yokuphelela kwakhe eRussia. I-Eschscholzia yinhle ngendlela emangalisayo futhi iyaphawuleka ngokungabinayo, yingakho minyaka yonke ikhula inani elikhulayo labalimi. Ukuqhakaza kwakhe kulula kakhulu futhi kukude, kuqala ezinsukwini zokuqala zehlobo, futhi kugcina cishe ekuqaleni kobusika. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imbali evulekile iyaphela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, isheshe ithathelwe indawo ngamahlamvu nezimbali eziningana.
Izici ze-Eschholzia
I-Eschscholzia isitshalo se-herbaceous bushy perennial, ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-0.4. Kuhlakulela njengesimbali sonyaka. Impande induku. Kunenombolo enkulu yeziqu ezondile. Amapuleti eqabunga le-Openwork ahlakazekile, apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi anemibala emide. Izimbali ezizwakala zindebe eyodwa ubukhulu zingamasentimitha ayi-8. Izimbali zingaphindeka kabili noma zilula, kuyilapho zifana ngokubonakala kuma-poppies. Umbala wabo ungaba ophuzi, obomvu, omhlophe, o-orenji, futhi bangapenda ngemibala ehlukahlukene yale mibala. Izimbali ezinjalo zinesici esisodwa, iqiniso ngukuthi ngosuku olunamafu, lina, olunomoya noma olubandayo, futhi nasebusuku bavala. Izithelo ziyibhokisi, inani lazo elihlukahluka ukusuka kwamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-9.
Khula escholia kusuka enhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela
Imvamisa, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha enhlabathini evulekile. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuhlwanyela i-Eshsholtsia ebusika. Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinyangeni zasebusika imbewu ingahle ibhekane nemvelo, futhi entwasahlobo izithombo ezinamandla zizovela, zizodinga ukunqunywa kuphela. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ezitshalweni ezihlwanyelwe ekwindla, izimbali ziqala ngaphambi kwalabo okuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo. Uma kwenzeka unquma ukutshala entwasahlobo, ekwindla, imbewu kumele ibekwe eshalofini eliphansi kakhulu lesiqandisi, lapho izohlala khona kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Ngakho-ke, bayohlanjululwa futhi balondolozwe ngokuphelele.
Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu, kufanele ukhethe indawo ekhanyiswe kahle enomhlabathi onesihlabathi owomile. Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ama-grooo ajule kakhulu kuwo, lapho imbewu encane ihlwanyelwa khona, ngaphambili exhunywe esihlabathini. Kufanele zilungiswe kahle, bese kuthi phezulu kwesakhiwo simbozwe ungqimba lwe-peat, lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukubonakala kokuqhuma komhlaba ongaphezulu komhlaba, okuzoba yisithiyo esikhulu sokushaywa kwamathenda. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekwindla, lapho-ke leyo ndawo kufanele ibanjiswe ngamahlamvu awile, futhi ungqimba kufanele lube mnene impela.
Izithombo
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthi baphendukele kulinywe escholia ngezithombo. Ngale ndlela yokukhulisa lesi sitshalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inohlelo olude olujwayeze nenduku, okulula kakhulu ukululimaza ngesikhathi sokuntywila, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amaphilisi we-peat ekuhlwanyeleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaphilisi kufanele abekwe esitsheni sepulasitiki lapho kungena khona amanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi kudwetshwe amaphilisi, uketshezi osele kumele uthulule kusuka esitsheni. Imbewu eyi-1 kuphela efanele ihlwanyelwe kwithebhulethi e-1, kusetshenziswa isivalo esimanzi salokhu. Imbewu ephezulu ifafazwa ngesendlalelo esincane somhlabathi wezithombo. Amathebulethi adinga kuphela ukuthambisa kancane kusuka ebhodleleni lokufafaza. Isitsha kufanele simbozwe ngefilimu noma ingilazi esobala Izithombo zokuqala zingabonakala ngemuva kwesigamu senyanga, ngemuva kwalokho kukhishwe indawo yokukhosela, bese isitsha ngokwaso sibekwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi epholile (akukho ngaphezu kwama-degrees angama-20). Ukunakekela izithombo ngalesi sikhathi kulula kakhulu: zidinga ukuniselwa ngesikhathi futhi zifakwe umanyolo ngomanyolo wamaminerali wezithombo ezinesiqingatha senyanga ngemuva kokuhluma kwezitshalo. Ukugcinwa kwezithombo kufanele kuqale izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokudluliselwa enhlabathini evulekile, ngoba lokhu kudluliselwa kanye ngosuku kube egumbini elipholile, lapho kufanele kuhlala khona amahora amaningi. Uma i-eshsoltsia ilukhuni, khona-ke ngemuva kokutshala engadini izokwazi ukudlulisa ngomoya ophansi ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa komoya liye kumamitha ayi-5.
Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwe-eschscholzia
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ngokutshala i-eschscholtsia, umuntu kufanele akhethe indawo enenhlabathi eyomile yesihlabathi, ekhishwa kahle, okufanele ibe yi-acidic kancane noma engathathi hlangothi. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inhlabathi i-acidic, khona-ke lokhu kungalungiswa ngokumba ngokujula kwe-bayonet yefosholo futhi ngasikhathi sinye kwenziwe i-2 tbsp. i-ash ash noma i-0,5 kg kafulawa we-dolomite nge-1 m2. Ukutshala izithombo kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba usongo lokuqandelwa yiqhwa seludlulile ngokuphelele, kuya ngesifunda, kwenziwa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi.
Izici Zokufika
Okokuqala, akufanele kulungiselelwe imigodi enkulu yokubamba esizeni, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwabo kufanele libe malunga ne-0,3 m, ngoba amabhasi akwa-Escola ayaqhuma impela. Isitshalo kufanele sicwiliswe emgodini ngethebhulethi ye-peat, khona-ke imbozwe ngenhlabathi, eyenziwe kahle. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuniselwa. Ukuqhakaza kwa-escholia okunjalo kugcinwa sekuphele izinsuku ezingama-30 kuye kwatshalwa izithombo.
Izici Zokunakekela
Ngemuva kokuthi i-eschscholzium itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokuvula komhlaba ingaphezulu kokuhlelekile, futhi nomanyolo kumele futhi usetshenziswe ngesikhathi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma kunesikhathi eside esomile. Uma lina lina ngokuhlelekile ehlobo, khona-ke lezi zimbali ngeke zidinge ukuthambisa. Uma ufuna i-eschscholitzia ukuqhakaza isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ngokunethezeka, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali kufanele sondliwe ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali, okufanele ufake phakathi i-phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen ne-trace element, noma ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa komlotha ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 10. Ungazondli lezi zimbali ngezinto eziphilayo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwabo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-eschscholzia asakaza ngokuphelele ngokuzitshala, uma lokhu kungafakwanga ezinhlelweni zakho, lapho-ke udinga nje ukususa izimbali eziqale ukubuna. Lapho isihlahla sesiphelile ngokuphelele, kufanele unqume zonke iziqu zazo ezindala, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana abancane bavele endaweni yabo, ezoqala ukuqhakaza ngezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-15 kuphela.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Khumbula ukuthi awunazo izinkinga ngokutshala lesi sitshalo, udinga ukusinakekela kahle, futhi uhlinzeke nezimo ezifanele zokukhula kwaso. Isibonelo, uma wephula imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo nokunakekelwa, ama-aphid webhontshisi angahlala emithini. Ukuze ususe, kuyadingeka ukucubungula izimo ezithintekile ze-Commander. Uma isikhathi sasehlobo sishisa kakhulu futhi sinomile, khona-ke izimbuzane zesigcawu zingakwazi ukuhlala ku-esholzia. Ukuqeda lezi zinambuzane, sebenzisa insecticide ye-Actellic. Uma isitshalo siniselwa kakhulu, ukubola kungavela ezimpandeni nasezingxenyeni zomhlaba. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukunciphisa kakhulu ukunisela nokusika zonke izindawo ezithintekile. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi imbali ithinteke kakhulu ngenxa yokubola, kuzodingeka ukumba nokubhubhisa sonke isihlahla. Uma isitshalo singenwa i-Powdery hlobo, khona-ke kufanele siphathwe ngesibabule.
Izakhiwo ze-Eshsholtius
Isikhathi eside, izingxenye zezindiza zesitshalo esinjalo zazisetshenziswa amaNdiya aseMelika njengomuthi wokubulala izinyo, kanti impova eqoqwa izimbali zayo yayingumkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wokuhlobisa. Kwenziwe i-decoction kusuka kwizimbali ze-eschscholzia, ezisize ngokuphelele nge-pediculosis. Kuze kube manje, e-United States, amalungiselelo alesi sitshalo esinjalo asetshenziswa ezinganeni njengesiyolo sokuhlikihla kanye ne-analgesic, kanti eFrance sikhule ngezinga lezimboni futhi sisetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe embonini yezemithi. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zinenzuzo eyodwa ebonakalayo - ukungabikho kwemiphumela emibi engathandeki, okuqabukela kakhulu izidakamizwa zochungechunge lwe-benzodiazepine.
I-Eschscholzia ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Uma kwenzeka unquma ukuqoqa imbewu ye-eschscholia ukuze uyihlwanyele ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, awukwazi ukukwenza lokhu, ngoba lezi zimbali zizala kahle kakhulu ngokuzitshala. Konke okudingeka kwenziwe ukunciphisa izithombo entwasahlobo bese ulinda ukuqhakaza okuthe thuthu. Imbewu iyadingeka uma uqala nje ukuzala isitshalo esihle noma unquma ukusinika othile. Ukuvimbela imbewu ukuthi ingachitheki emhlabathini, izikhwama ezenziwe ngotshani kufanele zigqokwa ezimbalini ezimbala. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukulinda cishe amasonto ama-4, ngoba imbewu kufanele ivuthwe kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho amabhokisi anqunywa futhi kakade ekhaya imbewu ikhishwa kubo ephepheni lephephandaba. Kufanele zome ngokuphelele bese zibekwa esikhwameni sephepha, esibekwe eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi, lapho imbewu ezogcinwa khona kuze kube isikhathi sentwasahlobo. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke imbewu izohlala isebenza iminyaka emithathu.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo ezihlala zise-eschscholia zikhona, kuphakathi nendawo lezi zimbali zitshalwa kuphela njengezonyaka noma zonyaka owodwa. Kulokhu, ekwindla, kuzodingeka ukuthi usike izinsalela zezitshalo futhi ugaye indawo. Entwasahlobo, izithombo eziqinile ngokuqinisekile zizovela esizeni. Kufanele zinwetshwe futhi zidliwe, futhi emva kwamaviki amane izitshalo ezinjalo ziyokujabulisa futhi ngezimbali zazo ezinhle nezixakile.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-eschscholzia ngezithombe namagama
Abalimi abaphakathi nobude bahlakulela, njengomthetho, kuphela umhubhe, iCalifornia, futhi akufani kakhulu, indawo yokugcina izivakashi.
I-Eschscholzia lobbi
Isihlahla ukuphakama asifinyelele ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Ububanzi bezimbali eziphuzi zifinyelela ku-20 mm.
I-Eshsholtsiya sod (Eschscholzia caespitosa)
Ukuphakama kwalolu hlobo futhi akudluli amasentimitha ayi-15. I-rosette yamaqabunga iqukethe amapuleti amaqabunga amancanyana abolile, ebusweni bawo kukhona inhlanganisela ye-wax, futhi ipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ngaphezulu kwendawo okuphumayo kune-inflorescence eminyene equkethe izimbali ezakhiwe inkomishi ezinombala ophuzi ophuzi, ububanzi bawo cishe buyi-30 mm. Izimbali ziqala ngoJuni, futhi ziphela ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika.
I-Eschscholzia calicileica (Eschscholzia calicileica)
Le nhlobo ifana ngaphandle ne-poppy yasendle, ibizwa nangokuthi "California poppy". Lesi sihlahla sokhula esinamagatsha anamanzi aluhlaza singabumbala, ukuphakama kwaso asidluli kumamitha ayi-0.4. Sinezikhulu amahlumela acwebezelayo aluhlaza abekwe esihlahleni. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumpunga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ububanzi bezimbali ezenzelwe inkomishi eyodwa zingamasentimitha ayi-9; zingapendwa ngombala omhlophe, owolintshi, ophuzi, ukhilimu noma umbala we-carmine. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyakhanya kakhulu, kubhekwa kusukela ngoJuni kuze kube kuqala isithwathwa sokuqala. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:
- Izinkambu ze-Strawberry. Izimbali zipendiwe emaphethelweni ngombala obomvu ojulile, ophakathi nendawo oguqukayo ube ophuzi.
- I-Peach sorbet. Izimbali ezintekenteke zinohlobo lukakhilimu.
- Izimbali ezilula zinombala omnyama we-carmine.
- I-Apple iqhakaze. Izimbali ezanele ze-gustomakhrovye zinombala ofana nezimbali ze-apula.
- I-Chiffon. Le yingxube yembewu, efaka izitshalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nosayizi, kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa ukuhlobisa imingcele noma utshani. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kungahluka kusuka ku-0.35 kuya ku-0.4 m. Izimbali ze-Terry zinemiphetho ehlanganisiwe. Zingapendwe ngopinki ojulile, obomvu, ophuzi noma omhlophe, kuyilapho imibala eminingana ihlanganiswa imbali eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi, futhi ziphela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa.
- I-Ballerina Mix. Le ngxube iqukethe izinhlobo ezilula nezitry. Umbala wezimbali ungaba ophuzi, owolintshi noma opinki. Ububanzi bawo amasentimitha ayi-5-8. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,25 kuya ku-0.4 m. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga angahlukanisiwe amahlandla amathathu kukhona ukugoqwa kwentambo.
- UMikado. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.3 kuya ku-0.4 m. Ububanzi bezimbali ezilula ngamasentimitha angama-6-7. Umbala wabo uphuzi ophuzi, kanti phakathi kukhona ibala elikhulu lewolintshi.
