Izitebhisi eziya esitezi sesibili endlini yangasese ukuxhumana okungenakugwemeka phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene egumbi lokuhlala. Ziyinto edingekayo yokuhlala isikhathi eside, ukwakheka kwayo, imishini yayo kanye nokukhethwa kwemithombo yomthombo kufanele kubhekwe kusigaba sokuhlela sephrojekthi.
Ukuqanjwa kwezitebhisi kumele kuqala kuhambisane nezidingo zomnikazi wendlu yangasese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele kungabi muhle kuphela, kodwa futhi kube okusebenzayo, okuthembekile nokuphephile.
Ngenhlanhla, siphila ngekhulu leminyaka eliningi futhi imakethe yesimanje yokwakha inikeza izinketho eziningi zazo zonke izinhlobo zezimpawu zangaphakathi. Ingxenye yezitebhisi ayikho eyehlukile. Nazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitebhisi eziya kuflethi yesi-2. Zingahluka hhayi kuphela kwinto okwenziwe ngayo isakhiwo, kodwa futhi nezixazululo ezakhayo ezingakheke kakhulu nezinto zokuhlobisa.
Namuhla ezindlini zabantu, lezi zinto zivame ukwenziwa ngokhuni, ngensimbi noma ngokhonkolo. Abanye abanikazi bezindlu ezizimele basebenzisa ingilazi enomsindo, amapolomu noma itshe lokufakelwa ekwakhiweni kwezitebhisi. Kodwa noma phakathi kwesabelo esincanyana kangaka sezinto zokwakha, kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha kahle imodeli efanelekile ingaphakathi lakho.
Ngayinye yalezi zisetshenziswa inezinzuzo zayo kanye nobubi bayo, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ukuthi iyiphi engcono noma emibi.
Ukwenza indlu yangasese ifudumele futhi ithokomele, kungakuhle ukwenza izinyathelo zezitebhisi zasesitezi sesibili kwanoma uluphi uhlobo nokwakheka okwenziwe ngokhuni.
Ukukhethwa komthombo wezinto ezitebhisini endlini yangasese
Ukukhetha kwalokhu noma lokho okwenzelwe ukwakhiwa kwezitebhisi endlini kuthonywa yizinto eziningi:
- ubukhulu bezakhiwo nokuphakama kwephahla;
- isitayela esejwayelekile sokuhlobisa ingaphakathi;
- ukusebenza nokuphepha;
- amandla okwenza izitebhisi ezihlukene zemiklamo ehlukene;
- isikhathi sokwakha;
- izindleko zezimali;
- izinketho zomuntu siqu zabaninikhaya.
Ikhonkolo
Ukwakhiwa kukakhonkolo kuhle kakhulu kumagumbi amakhulu naphakeme. Futhi yize, ekuqaleni nje, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izinyathelo ezenziwe ngokhonkolo osindayo zingahle zibukeke zingenasisindo ngokuphelele, njengokungathi zintanta emoyeni, lokhu kunjalo. Futhi imfihlo yesitebhisi esinjalo ilele ekhephini lokuqinisa eliyinkimbinkimbi eliqiniswe ngamaphoyinti aphezulu naphansi wesakhiwo.
Akekho wabancintisana nabo ongaqhathaniswa nalokhu okubalulekile: noma yokhuni, noma insimbi, noma inhlanganisela. Amandla wokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezakhiwo zesitebhisi futhi usebenzise zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwenziwa ngezinyathelo (izinkuni, itshe, ingilazi, insimbi, uthayela nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa), kuhlanganiswe nokuthembela okwengeziwe, kwenze izakhiwo zikakhonkolo zithandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
Izinzuzo ezingenakufinyeleleka zezitebhisi zokhonkolo zifaka imibandela elandelayo:
- ukwethenjwa komklamo;
- impilo ende yenkonzo;
- ikhono lokuklama noma iyiphi imidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi nokulungiswa, kufaka nezinhlobo zesikulufa;
- ukulula kokusebenza;
- Ukuntuleka kokudlidliza lapho usebenzisa.
Ukungathandeki kwezitebhisi ezenziwe ngokhonkolo kufaka izindleko eziphezulu nezindleko ezengeziwe zabasebenzi. Ungenza izitebhisi ezinhle zikakhonkolo ngokwakho, kepha kulokhu udinga ulwazi namakhono athile.
Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezingcweti ezisezingeni eliphakathi azikwazi ukwenza idizayini ethembekile enezimpawu ezifiselekayo zobuhle. Ngakho-ke, ngokwakhiwa kwawo kungcono ukuxhumana nezinkampani ezikhethekile, lapho izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe zibandakanyeka ekwenziweni komsebenzi onjalo. Imvamisa, izindleko ezibonakalayo zokukhiqiza umklamo onjalo ziphakeme kaningana kunezindleko ze-analogues ezingabizi kakhulu zokhuni nezensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitebhisi zikakhonkolo azihlali zivumelana nezikhala ezincane zokuhlala.
Isihlahla
Imiklamo eyenziwe ngezinto zemvelo ihlala inesifiso esikhulu kubanikazi bezindlu ezizimele, ngoba izitebhisi zokhuni endlini ziye esitezi sesibili zihlala zibukeka kahle. Ngokuvamile zenziwa nge-oki, i-larch, i-beech, iphayini yaseSiberia noma umlotha.
Izinkuni zemvelo ziyinto yendalo yonke enezimpawu ezihlukile. Izinto ezingokwemvelo zokusetshenziswa zinesikhundla esiphambili ekwenzeni amamodeli ahlukahlukene wesitebhisi. Izinzuzo zalo zifaka phakathi izici ezinjengokuthi:
- ubunjalo bemvelo kanye nobungani bemvelo bokhuni;
- ukutholakala kanye nezindleko eziphansi;
- ukuqina kwesakhiwo ngokunakekelwa okufanele ngesikhathi;
- amandla okubekezelela imithwalo esindayo enesisindo esiphansi esifile;
- inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu cishe nanoma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa kwekhaya.
Kepha ngisho nesihlahla sinezinkinga ezithile ekufanele unake. Okokuqala, izinkuni ziyinto enobungozi yomlilo. Okwesibili, uma imithetho yokusebenza ingalandelwa, isihlahla siqala ukuwa.
Naphezu kwezinsolo ezithandwayo, izitebhisi zokhuni zivame ukuvela zibe ngandlela thile. Ngakho-ke, kuvela umbono ofanele ngokuphelele ukunaka izakhiwo ezenziwe ezinye izinto zesimanje.
Metal
Izitebhisi zensimbi eziya esitezi sesibili endlini yangasese kwesinye isikhathi zikumangaza kalula, ubuhle kanye nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene zokuqamba. Izitebhisi ngokwazo zakhiwa noma zibunjiwe. Zingaba ziqonde, zigobeke noma ziklwebheke - kumklami onolwazi lokhu kungumthombo wangempela wemibono ehlukahlukene yokuhlela ikamelo.
Izinzuzo ezisobala zezakhiwo zensimbi zifaka:
- amandla aphezulu nokuqina kwezakhiwo;
- ukulula kokusebenza;
- ukumelana kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokucindezelwa kwemishini;
- ukushibilika okuhlobene nokutholakala kwemikhiqizo yensimbi;
- ukwehluka nokwakhiwa okuhlukahlukene;
- kufanelekile kunoma yikuphi okungaphakathi.
Ukungathandeki kwamadivayisi wokuxhumana kwensimbi phakathi kwamakamelo kukhona okuvela kokukhala kakhulu nokudlidliza phakathi kokunyakaza kusuka esigabeni sokuqala kuya kwesokugcina.
Imvamisa kakhulu ezindlini ezizimele ungathola amamodeli ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa ngempumelelo ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kusakhiwo sezakhiwo ezisekelayo, izingxenye nezinto zokwakha ezibhekene nazo. Imvamisa isisekelo sezitebhisi ezihlanganisiwe luhlaka lwensimbi nezinyathelo ezenziwe ngokhuni, itshe lokufakelwa noma ingilazi. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kunikeza umuzwa wokukhanya nokuthembekile. Ukuqokwa okungavamile kwezakhiwo ezinjalo kugcizelela ubukhulu bekamelo.
Izinto eziphambili zezitebhisi
Imidwebo ehlukahlukene yesitebhisi ingaba nezingxenye eziningi, ezinye zazo eziyizinto eziyingxenye zesakhiwo. Ezinye izinto ezifakiwe ku-ensemble yesitebhisi zingaba ukuhlobisa okuhle ngokwemvelo.
Izinto eziphoqelekile zesitebhisi zifaka izinyathelo nezingxenye ezisisekelo zesakhiwo.
- Izinyathelo ziyingxenye enezingxenye eziqondile (ezinyathela) nezima mpo (ama-risers). Isikhuphuki siyisisekelo sokunyathela, okuhlinzeka ngokuphepha okwengeziwe uma usebenzisa izitebhisi. Kepha futhi kunamamodeli okuklama kwawo kunganikezeli ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
- Izinsimbi ezisekelwayo zezitebhisi zezinhlobo ezimbili. Kungaba umnsalo - isisekelo esisekela izinyathelo ezivela emaphethelweni noma kosour - isisekelo esisekela izinyathelo ukusuka phansi.
- Ukulayisha kuyinto ebaluleke ngokulinganayo yesakhiwo, evumela ukuthi isitebhisi siphephe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banganikeza umkhiqizo i-charm ethile nokuphelela. Namuhla, kunamamodeli amaningi emiklamo yawo lapho uthango lunganikezwa nhlobo.
- Ama-Balusters asekela mpo ngokushaywa. Ngaphezu kwenhloso yawo eyinhloko, lezi zinto zivame ukuba nenjongo yokuhlobisa futhi zisebenza njengomhlobiso wezitebhisi.
Izinhlobo zezitebhisi esitezi sesibili ngohlobo lokwakha
Amadivayisi wokuxhumana wanamuhla phakathi kwezitezi eziseduze ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Kungaba isikulufa, imashi noma izakhiwo ze-bolt-on. Isitebhisi ngasinye silungele ukwakheka okukhethekile kwekamelo.
Izakhiwo ezithandekayo
Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, amamodeli wesikulufa noma awomoya kuvame ukusetshenziswa emakamelweni amancane lapho singekho isikhala esanele somklamo oqondile oqondile. Izitebhisi ezijikelezayo ezisa esitezi sesibili zingenziwa nganoma iyiphi impahla yendabuko futhi zibe nobunjwa obuhlukile bezinyathelo nojantshi. Ikholomu eyinhloko esekela izakhiwo eyindilinga ngumbhobho wokuma lapho izinyathelo zifakwe khona ngohlangothi olubanzi. Olunye uhlangothi, ngokuvamile olubanzi lwezitebhisi zesakhiwo luhlangana nobuso bodonga noma amabhaluni. Izitebhisi ezijikelezayo zomoya zingafakwa zombili maphakathi negumbi futhi ngqo odongeni.
Uma kuncane ukuvulwa kwesitezi esiphezulu, kufanele kube sesitebhisini esitebhisi. Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa kwayo, ububanzi obujwayelekile bezinyathelo kufanele okungenani bube ngamasentimitha angama-20 - 25.
Ukuhamba ngezitebhisi endlini yangasese
Enye yezinhlaka zokuxhumana ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwamakamelo asondelene nokundiza kwezitebhisi. Imiklamo yabo iyasebenziseka futhi kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa, ngoba kubheka i-biomechanics yokunyakaza komuntu ngesikhathi sokwehla nokwenyuka. Amamodeli wangoMashi alungele amakamelo abanzi.
Indiza eyodwa yezitebhisi kumele iqukethe okungenani izinyathelo ezintathu futhi ingekho ngaphezu kwe-15, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjalo.
Izitebhisi ezi-maring eziya esitezi sesibili endlini yangasese zingaqondile noma zijikeleze. Amamodeli aqondile alula, aqine kakhulu futhi athambile. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ngesizathu esithile kusiza ngokwengeziwe ukusungula isakhiwo esinezimashi eziningana eziseduze neziza ezikhethekile. Izitebhisi ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ziphenduke. Izakhiwo ezinalo mklamo zithatha isikhala esincane kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukuphakama okufanayo kwezitebhisi. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sokufika, izinyathelo zokujikeleza zenziwa. Amamodeli anjalo abizwa ngokuthi ama-cross-live.
Izitebhisi eziguqukayo zihlukaniswe ikota -jika, isigamu sokujika nesiyingi. Izitebhisi zokumelana zekota ezivame ukufakwa kakhulu phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili ezisondelene nazo futhi ezinokubumba kwazo kube yimashi ngo-90 °. Ezakhiweni eziguqulwe kabili, izindiza zezitebhisi ziphenduka zibalelwa ku-180. Kumiklamo eyindilinga, imashi, indlela eshintsha ngokushintshana, yakha inguquko ephelele ye-360˚.
Ukuklanywa kwezitebhisi ezivalelwe esitezi sesibili kubonisa ukuthi kukhona izinyusi. Ngokuvamile, amamodeli anjalo afakwa ezindongeni, ahlela ama-closet, ama-pantries noma amakamelo okusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwawo. Yize izakhiwo ezivalekile zingahle zibonakale zincane, zithathwa njengeziphephile futhi zithembeke kakhulu. Azikho izikhulisi ezitebhisini ezivulekile, okwenza ukukhanya kwazo kube lula.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokufaka izinyathelo, ukundiza kwezitebhisi kuhlukaniswe ngamamodeli anama-braids nemikhiqizo enama-bowings. Ngaphandle kokungafani okubukwayo, zombili izinhlobo zalezi zingxenye zenza umsebenzi ofanayo - ziyizinto ezithwala umthwalo wesakhiwo.
Ekwakhiweni kwe-skew, kuhlongozwa ukufaka izitebhisi kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-saddles. Lapha ugongolo lokusekelwa lunesimo sesarha, kunyathelwa kubekwa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwamazinyo, kuthi izandisi zibekwe kolunye.
Izintambo zomnsalo zibizwa ngokuthi ugongolo lokusekela oluthambekele kulo lonke ubude bemashi. Izinyathelo ezakhiweni ezinjalo zifakwe kuma-grooves akhethekile asikiwe ngaphakathi kokusekelwa.
Ukwakhiwa kweBoltsevye
Izitebhisi zeBolt ezingaphakathi kwezindlu zanamuhla zivele muva nje. Isici sabo esihlukanisayo ukungabikho kwanoma yiziphi izinhlaka ezisekelayo: ukusetshenziswa kwethambo noma i-kosour akunikezwanga lapha. Izinyathelo zigxiliwe lapho izitebhisi ezisendlini zifakwe esitezi sesibili, zenziwa ngqo odongeni oluqinile noluthembekile ngosizo lwama-bolts. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha namandla esakhiwo, akunakwenzeka ukubeka izixhaso zezinyathela kufreyimu noma iziqephu ezomile.
Idizayini yesitebhisi kuma-slabs ingalulwa odongeni noma yenziwe icwecwe ngokwanele, ithathe isikhala esincane kakhulu. Ama-voids akhiwe phakathi kwezinyathela anika lesi sakhiwo umoya kanye nokungabi nesisindo. Kubukeka sengathi izinyathelo zikhuphuka kalula emoyeni. Eqinisweni, izitebhisi ze-bolt, lapho zakhiwe kahle, ziyisakhiwo esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi esihlala isikhathi eside.
Amamodeli ezitebhisi ezitebhisini kunzima kakhulu ukubala ngokwawo. Ngomklamo wabo ofanele nokufakwa kwawo, kungakuhle ukuxhumana nezinkampani ezikhethekile ezibandakanya imisebenzi enjalo.
Imvamisa, ekufakweni okulandelayo kwezitebhisi ophahleni, noma esiteji sokuqamba nokwakha izindonga, kuyadingeka ukubeka izakhiwo ezixhasa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Kepha ungasenza kanjani isitebhisi ukuya esitezi sesibili ngezitebhisi ze-cantilever, uma kungenzeki ukulungisa izingxenye eziqinile odongeni, ngokwesibonelo, ezimeni lapho udonga seluvele luphelile ukuqeda? Ezimweni ezinjalo, intambo yokugoba imvamisa ibekwa eceleni kwephahla lwendonga, oluzosebenza njengesekelo elisekelayo, futhi izimbotshana zensimbi zixhunywe ngqo kuyo.
Izithombe ezingenhla zezitebhisi ezisesitezi sesibili azikwazi ukumboza lonke uhla lwemibono yokuklama, ngoba igumbi ngalinye lilodwa futhi lidinga izixazululo zalo. Abaningi bethu siyaqonda: zingaki izakhiwo zokuhlala ezinezitezi ezimbili emhlabeni, kungaba nemibono eminingi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, lapha sizame ukunikeza ukwakhiwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese zanamuhla.
