Ubhatata yisitshalo semifino, ngaphandle kwawo akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange impilo yomuntu waseRussia. Izilimo zezimpande zalesi sitshalo ziqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi (isitashi, amaprotheni ...), yingakho zibizwa nangokuthi "isinkwa sesibili". Ekutshaleni ingadi, leli siko liyintandokazi, njengomthetho, iningi lengadi labelwe yona. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, awukho umzamo odingekayo - amazambane akhula yedwa futhi empeleni awadingi ukuthathwa. Lokhu kukude kangako. Lesi siko, njengabanye abaningi, sidinga ukunakwa ezigabeni ezithile zentuthuko. Yikuphi - le ndatshana izotshela.
Funda: ukukhipha amazambane okokuqala ngqa!
Ukutshala amazambane: sinquma isikhathi
Amazambane atshalwa lapho inhlabathi isefudumele kahle. Le nkathi ngamanani ahlukahlukene yenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile.
- Izifunda zaseningizimu yeRussia (ngokwesibonelo, iKrasnodar Territory). Amazambane angatshalwa lapha eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMashi. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni zokuqala. Ukutshala kwaphakathi nesizini kwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhashana - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
- Imicu ephakathi yeRussia (ngokwesibonelo, isifunda saseMoscow). Izinsuku zokutshala amazambane kule ndawo zisekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
- I-Ural neSiberia. Ukushisa kufinyelela kulezi zifunda okokugcina, ngakho-ke, ukutshala amazambane kwenzeka kuphela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Amazambane adinga ukutshalwa ngohlaka olunqunyelwe ngokuqinile. Uma ufika ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi utshala amazambane enhlabathini engashisi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zizokhula kabi - ukuhluma kancane. Udinga futhi unake umswakama womhlabathi. Uma izinga liphakeme impela, isivuno sezimpande singabola futhi sigule isikhathi eside..
Ungatshala kanjani amazambane: uhlelo, isikhathi sokutshala
Iphethini yokufakelwa. Amazambane atshalwe ngemigqa. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngu-70 cm, no-50 cm - inkomba okufanele ibe phakathi kwezihlahla. Uma izitshalo zezimpande zisondelene, khona-ke amazambane ngeke abe nendawo eyanele yokuthuthuka, futhi azokhula abe mancane kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokufika. Amazambane angatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Akukho okukodwa okulungile. Abalimi bavame ukutshala ekuseni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenziwa kusihlwa.
Izigaba eziphambili zokunakekelwa kwamazambane: ukugqoka phezulu, i-hilling, ukuthambisa
Amazambane adliwa ngezigaba ezintathu:
Esokuqala senzeka cishe maphakathi noMeyi (lapho izihlahla zikhula zingama-15 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi). Izithasiselo zeNitrogen, ngokwesibonelo, i-urea, zisetshenziswa njengamanyolo. Ama-granules afakwa emanzini (isipuni esisodwa nge-10 amalitha) futhi aniselwa ngesisombululo sokutshala esiphumela. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kukuvumela ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kweziqongo, yingakho kusetshenziswa esiteji sokuqala.
Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umanyolo we-potash: i-potassium sulfate (1 tbsp. L.) Kanye nomlotha wezinkuni (3 tbsp. L.). Lezi zingxenye kufanele zifakwe emgqonyeni wamalitha ayi-10 bese ziniselwa. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukusheshisa izinga lokuqhakaza kwamazambane.
Ukugqoka kokugcina, kwesithathu ephezulu kuvame ukwenziwa ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwezilimo zezimpande (ngemuva kokuqhakaza). Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa i-superphosphate (2 tbsp.) Kusetshenziswa ingilazi yokudonsa inkukhu. Zonke izithako ziyahlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese zisetshenziselwa ukunisela. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa samazambane, isigamu selitha lesisombululo esilungiselelwe sithululelwa.
Esokuqala senzeka cishe maphakathi noMeyi (lapho izihlahla zikhula zingama-15 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi). Izithasiselo zeNitrogen, ngokwesibonelo, i-urea, zisetshenziswa njengamanyolo. Ama-granules afakwa emanzini (isipuni esisodwa nge-10 amalitha) futhi aniselwa ngesisombululo sokutshala esiphumela. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kukuvumela ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kweziqongo, yingakho kusetshenziswa esiteji sokuqala.
Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umanyolo we-potash: i-potassium sulfate (1 tbsp. L.) Kanye nomlotha wezinkuni (3 tbsp. L.). Lezi zingxenye kufanele zifakwe emgqonyeni wamalitha ayi-10 bese ziniselwa. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kuyadingeka ukusheshisa izinga lokuqhakaza kwamazambane.
Ukugqoka kokugcina, kwesithathu ephezulu kuvame ukwenziwa ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwezilimo zezimpande (ngemuva kokuqhakaza). Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa i-superphosphate (2 tbsp.) Kusetshenziswa ingilazi yokudonsa inkukhu. Zonke izithako ziyahlanjululwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese zisetshenziselwa ukunisela. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa samazambane, isigamu selitha lesisombululo esilungiselelwe sithululelwa.
Ukutshala amazambane mhlawumbe isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuliseni lesi sitshalo. Umnyombo wenqubo ukucheba umhlaba esihlahleni samazambane. IHill inconywa kabili ngesizini. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenzeka lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ku-5-10 cm. Ekuphakameni. Le nqubo ingenziwa kokubili kusihlwa nasekuseni. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi babonile ukuthi kungcono ukukhipha amazambane ngemuva kwemvula. Isigaba sesibili senzeka ngesikhathi kwakhiwa amahlumela. Lesi sikhathi ngokuvamile siba sekupheleni kukaMeyi (kuya ngesifunda). I-Hilling ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule isivuno ngamaphesenti okungenani angama-30. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba isiqu sesihlahla, ngenxa yokwengeza komhlaba, sivumele izinqubo ezintsha ezakha kamuva nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingeziwe.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthambisa amazambane. Ngaphandle kwawo, lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukusikhulisa. Ikakhulu, izifunda eziseningizimu yeRussia (ngokwesibonelo, eCrimea) zinzima kakhulu. Lapha, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, amazambane adinga ukuniselwa okungenani kanye ngesonto. Uma sikhuluma ngezifunda eziphakathi nendawo ezisenyakatho neRussian Federation, khona-ke lapha izilimo zokuntuleka kwezimpande, njengomthetho, kwezulu lasemkhathini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele ushiye ngokuphelele ukunisela. Noma kunjalo, phakathi nenkathi, izitshalo zizodinga amanzi kathathu: lapho kuvela amahlumela, ukuqhakaza nezimbali kuqala.
Ungabhekana kanjani naleli bhungane lamazambane leColorado
Kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane ziphazamisa ukuthola isivuno esihle samazambane. Isitha esikhulu ibhungane lamazambane leColorado. Lesi sinambuzane sihlala emhlabathini futhi sithinta izitshalo zezimpande ezivela ngaphakathi. Uma kungekho zinyathelo ezithathwayo, khona-ke, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, kungabhubhisa amahektha ayi-2 okutshala isikhathi esithile. Kunezindlela eziningi ezisetshenziswa abalimi ukubhekana nalesi sinambuzane:
- Amakhemikhali. Igama lisho ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akhethekile. Phakathi kokujwayelekile: "I-Decis", "Fastak", "Ratibor", "Arrivo", "Bankol". Zonke lezi zidakamizwa zikhombisa imiphumela emihle. Noma kunjalo, akufanelekile ukuzisebenzisa kaningi, naphezu kwakho konke iziqinisekiso zabakhiqizi.
- Izindlela zabantu. Azisebenzi, kepha ziphephe nge-100%. Amaqabunga e-Lingonberry (omisiwe) asabalele phakathi kwabalimi. Bafafazwa ngabo (amaqabunga kumele abe phansi) ngaphezulu kwesihlahla samazambane. Kukholelwa ukuthi le ndlela inomphumela wokuvimbela. Kuliqiniso, kuyasebenza ngokulwa nabantu abasha (izibungu).
Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kokugcina kwamazambane kufanele kwenziwe okungenani izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungathola ubuthi kalula.
Akunzima nhlobo ukukhulisa amazambane endlini yakho yezwe noma esakhiweni sakho. Into esemqoka ukwazi ukuthi ngasiphi isikhathi ukufeza i-hilling futhi ungakhohlwa ukunisela izihlahla zezitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile.
