Cishe bonke abalimi bakhulisa upelepele obabayo nobabayo ezinhlelweni zabo. Isiko elithanda ukushisa lithandwa kakhulu. Izici ezinambitheka, ukwakhiwa okukhulu kwamavithamini namaminerali kwenze imifino yathandwa kakhulu. Abalimi abaningi bakhulisa izithombo zabo zemifino. Abanye bayithenga emakethe ukuze bangene emibhedeni noma eluhlaza okotshani.
Njengoba isiko liyi-thermophilic, lidinga isimo sokucophelela. Udinga izimo ezithile zokuthuthuka okuhle. Ungazikhulisa kanjani izithombo zepepper futhi lapho zingatshalwa kabusha zingene emhlabathini ovulekile?
Uhlelo lwezimpande pepper kanye nezimpawu zalo
Imifino ye-Thermophilic kubhekisa ezitshalweni eziseduze. Izwe lakubo yiMexico naseGuatemala, ngakho-ke udinga imfudumalo, ukukhanya kwelanga. Isitshalo sidinga inhlabathi ekhanyayo, ethambile, nenhlabathi evundile. Ukuthuthuka okuhle, izinga lokushisa lomoya kusuka ku-+22 kuya ku-+28 lilungele imifinomayelanaC, uma ikhishwa ngezansi +15HhawuC, upelepele umiswe ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni. Ochwepheshe bancoma ukukhetha izinhlobo zepelepele ukuthi zibhekele isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zezulu lapho zizokhula khona.
Uhlelo lwezimpande upelepisi lubuthakathaka kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-nightshade. Inekhono lokuphinda izalwe kabusha, izimpande ziba buthaka futhi ziqhekeka kalula lapho zitshalwa. Pepper akufanele itshalwe ijule kakhulu, ngoba intamo yezimpande, lapho ijule, ivimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo, kuzolimaza.
Abaningi bazama ukutshala izithombo zika-pepper bodwa, kepha hhayi bonke abazuza umphumela ophumelelayo. Ungayikhulisa kanjani izithombo yepelepele ngokwakho, ungene emanzini noma ungayishadi, futhi uyitshala nini emibhedeni? Yini okufanele unake lapho ukhula futhi transplant pepper?
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Kuyadingeka ukukhetha imbewu yemifino ngoFebhuwari futhi ihlwanyele ngemuva kokukhethwa. Ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi kuzonikeza ithuba lokukhula kahle, ukuqinisa izithombo. Cwilisa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala nangemva kokuqandula faka esitsheni esinengxube yenhlabathi. Kufanele kukhethwe njengamatamatisi.
Imbewu ye-Pepper ayisebenzi kakhulu, ayikhuli kahle, kepha ingasizwa kulokhu. Ngale njongo, kusenziwa isisombululo esivela emalungiselelweni ahlukahlukene avuselelayo ohlobo lweZircon futhi sicwiliswe kulo imizuzu engama-20, emva kwalokho ingahlwanyelwa ezingilazini ezilungiselelwe. Ngemuva kwezithombo, izithombo kufanele zinakekelwe kahle. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- izinkomishi ezihlukene;
- ngesilinganiso esikhulu.
Esitsheni esinjalo, zingamila kuze kuqhamuke amaqabunga ayi-2 eqiniso, lokhu kwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kokuhluma. Izithombo zidinga ukuthambisa njalo njengoba umhlabathi womile. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele kuthululelwe ngokweqile, ngoba inani elikhulu lomswakama lizoholela kuzithombo zezifo. Ngokunisela, kusetshenziswa amanzi axazululiwe, futhi ukufaka umanyolo ngohlobo lwe-calcium nitrate kungangezelelwa kukho.
Ama-pepper adinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle, izithombo ezingcono kakhulu beka ohlangothini olunelanga. Lapho kungekho ukukhanya okwanele, ungasebenzisa izibani ze-LED. Ngezinsuku ezinamafu noma ezifushane zemini, bavame ukusebenzisa izibani zokwenziwa. Ngokukhanya okungekuhle, izithombo zikapelepele zizokwelula ziye phezulu.
Dive izithombo
Uma ugxila izithombo, kuzokuba namandla futhi kuvune isivuno esicebile esikhathini esizayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ungaqala ukhetho ngokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kaningi. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuyithola futhi uyihambise ibe yizinkomishi ezihlukile. Umhlabathi omanzi uvumela ukuthulula izithombo ngokushesha ngaphandle komonakalo ohlelweni lwezimpande. Kuzindebe kufanele kube izimbobo ezincane phansiukuze umswakama ungahlali futhi uhlelo lwezimpande lungaphefumula.
Inhlabathi endebeni kufanele ithelwe kahle ngamanzi, bese wenza ikhefu ngaphansi kwempande yesithombo bese ubeka ngokucophelela. Lapho ufaka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Akunconyelwe ukususa impande ngokujulile, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zizokhula kabi. Kungcono ukutshala izithombo ekujuleni okufanayo lapho ikhule khona phambilini. Kungcono ukukhetha izinkomishi ezinomthamo okungenani ama-0.5 l, ukuze izimpande zikhule kahle.
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthatha isikhathi ukudonsa upelepele. Kuhle ukulinda kuze kuqhamuke amaqabunga ayi-2 abese egxuma izithombo. Ukutshala izithombo kumabhulokhi we-peat unikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu, lapho utshalwe kabusha, izimpande zihlala zisesimweni esihle.
Ngemuva kokukhetha, izithombo zepepper kufanele zibekwe kuleyo windowsill, lapho kunokukhanya okuningi, ukuze izitshalo zithokomele futhi zifudumele. Izithombo azisabeli kahle ekuqondiseni ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-2-4, izithombo zingabuna, kepha uma inqubo yokutshelwa yenziwa kahle, khona-ke izosuka ngokushesha. Uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande luzoqina futhi maduze nje luzoqhubeka kakhulu. Isithombo ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile noma ku-greenhouse kudinga ukondliwa. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, zombili izinto zenza ukukhula futhi kuqinise impande. Kufanele afeze ngezigaba eziningana:
- okokuqala kuvela amaqabunga agcwele;
- ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokumba;
- Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala ku-greenhouse noma emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukudlulisela izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Lapho isithombo sinamaqabunga ama-3-4, izithombo zikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Isikhathi sokutshala sincike ezimweni zezulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngenyanga kaMeyi, lapho kungabikho khona amathuba efrimu yasebusuku.
Awukwazi ukutshala upelepele emhlabathini obandayo, kungcono ukulinda kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lifike ku-15mayelanaC. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, upelepele kumele uniselwe bese qala embhedeni olungiselelwe. Kungcono ukwenza ubungako obufanele bomgodi ukuze upelepele kalula kanye nenhlama yomhlaba kubekwe kuwo, ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho kulelinye nalelo galelo banikela cishe ngezipuni ezi-1 zomanyolo we-potassium. Ngemuva kwalokho igcwaliswa ngokuphelele ngamanzi, ivunyelwe ukuthambisa futhi itshale izithombo. Njengoba sekushiwo, ayinakujula ngokujulile, kuyathandeka ukuyishiya isezingeni elifanayo njengoba ikhule ngaphambili. Inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo kufanele ihlanganiswe, iniselwe futhi uma izithombo eziphakeme ziboshwe.
Ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10, izithombo kufanele zikhule ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzabonakala lapho iqabunga lokuqala livela kuyo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngemuva kwalokhu kufanele futhi bondliwe ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kwenziwa kangcono njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Ukondla kungenziwa kusuka e-urea, umanyolo we potassium kanye ne-superphosphate. Ingxube ifakwa ebhakedeni elilodwa lamanzi kanti ingilazi eyi-1 ithululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Izihlahla zepepper azikubekezeleli ukomiswa komhlabathi, ngakho-ke izitshalo zidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Isiza sendawo etholakala ohlangothini oluseningizimu futhi esivikelwe emimoyeni enamandla siyoba yinsimu enhle. Ama-Pepper ayawuthanda umhlabathi oxegayo, ngakho adinga ukhula njalo. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwezimpande luzofaka isandla ekwakheni imifino, ivumelane ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha.
Ngokubuka izimo zezulu zezindawo ezithile zaseRussia, abalimi abaningi bakhulisa upelepele ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela imifino emakhazeni nasemaphidini. Upelepele onothando lokushisa akakubekezeleli ngokweqile amazinga okushisa. Ku-greenhouse, izinga lokushisa elilungile lizonakekelwa ebusuku.
Ukubona zonke izigaba kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu kuya ekutshaleni izithombo, ukunakekela kahle umbhede wensimu, ungaqoqa isivuno esihle sepelepele elimnandi noma elibabayo. Ukunambitheka kwayo kuzoba ngcono kakhulu kunalokho okuthengiwe emakethe noma esitolo.
