Ukukhula nokunakekela i-hibiscus yengadi

IHibiscus, esaziwa lapha ngaphansi kwegama lamaShayina, isishintshe isikhathi eside isimo seplanethi yendlu yaba isihloko sesinye sezitshalo ezihamba kahle kakhulu eziqhakaza umdwebo wensimu. Izithombo ze-Hibiscus namuhla zithengiswa cishe njengezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ze-hibiscus zithathelwa indawo yi-hybrid ezikhuthazayo ezikwaziyo ubusika emhlabathini ovulekile ngisho nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo. Ukukhula kwe-hibiscus engadi akuyona into elula, kepha yonke imizamo yokuyinakekela, nokukhetha indawo efanelekile, nendawo yokukhosela izokhokha ngombukiso oyingqayizivele wegramophone enkulu - izimbali ezinomqhele omuhle.

I-hibiscus yesi-China, noma i-Chinese rose. © floradania

Ukumelana neqhwa hhayi i-hibiscus kakhulu

IHibiscus ebangeni eliphakathi likhule ngokuthi:

zisetshenziselwe inhlabathi evulekile enendawo yokukhosela;
isitshalo sonyaka;
zisetshenziswa ngesimo sebhubhu noma ngokumba ubusika, okuthi lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo kuhlanzwe emakamelweni akhanyayo apholile.

Ezindimeni ezimbili zokugcina, ungakhula futhi hibiscus Chinese, noma IsiShayina sisukuma (I-Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), futhi hibiscus syrian (I-Hibiscus syriacus), futhimarsh hibiscus (IHibiscus moscheutos), notshani kathathu hibiscus, hibiscus northen (IHibiscus trionum).

Endaweni evulekile, yizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ebusika ezingenazinkinga - i-hibiscus hybrid nezinye izinhlobo hibiscus syrian, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ingadi ye-hibiscus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hibiscus yaseSyrian ayivame ukuhlala izihlahla ezinjengezihlahla, kanti zona ezi-hybrid zingamahlamvu otshani. Umehluko phakathi kwabo namuhla uyafiphala, ngoba izinhlobo zaseSyria ezinamandla ebusika nazo zi-hybridizable futhi zitholakala ngokukhetha. Ngakho-ke, kusemthethweni ukusho ukuthi ama-nzalo kuphela angahlala ubusika endaweni ephakathi enhlabathini, kepha umsuka negama lezinhlobo ezithile alibalulekanga kangako njengoba ifomu lokukhula liyi-shrubby noma utshani. Lapho uthenga, kuwukuhlakanipha ukugxila kuhlobo lokukhula. Izimpande ezinamandla zezimpande ze-hibiscus ehlanganisiwe zigcinwa ngaphansi kwesiphephelo esincane ngisho nasefrijini elinzima kakhulu, izingxenye ezingaphezulu komhlaba - kuphela ngezindlela ezinamathela nezishubile lapho zihlala khona.

I-Tri-hibiscus imvamisa kuthiwa yizinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa, kepha zingatshalwa kuphela uma zithengwa izitshalo ezindala esezivumelaniswe esifundeni sakho.

Yini okufanele ubheke lapho uthenga hibiscus engadini?

Ukuze ungenzi iphutha lokukhethwa kwe-hibiscus, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ukunikezwa kwezindawo zokufunda zasendaweni nezindawo zezingadi, thintana nabalimi abanolwazi, futhi ungathengi izitshalo emabhalweni (ikakhulukazi angaphandle): ukuze ikhono le-hibiscus lisinde ebusika, ukuvumelanisa nezimo zezitshalo zomama kubalulekile. Ukumane ungowokuzalwa nzalo ngeke kunikeze noma yisiphi isiqinisekiso. Ngakho-ke, khetha omethembayo, onabathengi abanedumela elihle. Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalesi sitshalo, zilungele ukukhula endaweni yangakini, zivame ukumboza yonke iphalethi, kwanele ukukhetha umbala ofanele futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ukuthola i-soloist entsha yezingoma zengadi. Lapho uthenga, chaza uhlobo lokukhula, izimo ezijwayelekile zesitshalo.

IHibiscus yokukhula enhlabathini evulekile ithengwa kahle ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile, hhayi ezitsheni. Izimpande kumele zibe namandla kakhulu futhi zithuthukiswe kahle, zikhulu futhi ziqine. Ngasikhathi sinye, qiniseka ukuthi izithombo zifinyelele eminyakeni engama-2-3 ubudala noma ngaphezulu: uma ikhula kakhulu i-hibiscus, ukumelana nesithwathwa okuningi kuyokhombisa.

I-hibiscus yaseChinese, noma i-Chinese rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis). © Andrew Butko

Ukukhetha indawo enhle yensimu hibiscus

Izimo ezikhulayo ziyefana kuwo wonke ama-hibiscus. Lesi kuphela isitshalo esinezidingo ezifanayo zokukhanyisa nenhlabathi yokukhula emhlabathini, kanye neshubhu kanye ne-hibiscus pot.

IHibiscus ingeyizitshalo ezithanda kakhulu ingadi. Futhi ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, ukukhanyisa okuhle kubo kuyindawo ebalulekile. Okwe-hibiscus, izindawo ezinelanga futhi ezifudumele kakhulu zifanelekile, zivikelekile emoyeni nakuhlaka, okuyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-Orchard hibiscus kuyo yonke inkathi yezimbali ayibekezeleli izimvume ukusuka endaweni kuya kwenye futhi ayithandi ngisho nokujika.

Kepha inhlabathi kulula kakhulu ukuyicosha. IHibiscus ikhula kahle kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi evulekile, esezingeni eliphakeme yengadi, uma kuphela ubungozi bomswakama babuncane. Inhlabathi ethosiwe enezinga elihle lezinto eziphilayo, ithuthukisiwe ngaphambi kokutshala nokunempilo, izingxube zomhlaba wonke zokufaka ishubhu - yikho konke abakudingayo.

I-hibiscus yaseSyria (iHibiscus syriacus). © I-Wildfeuer

IHibiscus ternary, i-hibiscus enyakatho (iHibiscus trionum). © Mejxu

I-Swamp Hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos). © uSusan

Ukutshala i-hibiscus yengadi

Isu elihle kakhulu lokukhulisa lesi sitshalo ukutshala i-hibiscus enhlabathini ngentwasahlobo. Izitshalo ezincane kangaka zinesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nobusika ngokuphelele nendawo yokukhosela elula, akudingi ukunakekelwa okuningi. Kungakho kungazelele ukuthi izithombo ze-hibiscus zethulwe ngenani elikhulu kunazo zonke ezikhungweni zezingadi nasemakethe entwasahlobo, kanye nezihlahla zezithelo. I-hibiscus enjalo ingambozwa ngendlela efanayo nezitshalo zabantu abadala - ekwindla, i-spud enamaqabunga omile namagatsha e-spruce.

Kepha uma uthenge i-hibiscus ekwindla, ungapheli amandla. Indawo yokukhosela ethembekile izosiza amabhishi amancane ukuba asinde ezimeni zomgwaqo ophakathi. Mane nje mulch umhlabathi ungqimba obukhulu be-mulch yesitshalo, umboze ngamaqabunga bese ubopha nge-burlap kanye ne-spruce ibe yizendlalelo ezi-3 noma uhlele indawo yokukhosela eyomile emgomeni wokulima ama-roses, i-wisteria noma i-clematis - kanti i-hibiscus izosinda ngempumelelo ebusika bokuqala.

Ingadi hibiscus itshalwe enhlabathini evulekile emigodini enkulu yokutshala, ngaphansi kwayo kungcono ukubeka ukubeka okuncane. Inhlabathi esusiwe iyathuthuka ngengxenye yokudla kwamathambo noma i-superphosphate, umquba, kanti i-humus ibekwa phansi komgodi. IHibiscus itshalwa ngenkathi igcina izinga layo lokujwayelekile lokungena.

I-Campus hibiscus itshalwa njalo entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula okusebenzayo. Ama-hibiscus amaningi adinga amathangi amakhulu kakhulu anomthamo wamalitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu.

I-Hibiscus Syrian ehlukahlukene 'Blue Satin'. © Ukutshala Isihlahla

Ingadi Hibiscus Ukunakekelwa

IHibiscus ithanda umswakama ozinzile, kepha futhi iyabekezelela isomiso. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kokugcina kuthinta izimbali. Azisongeli isitshalo uqobo, kodwa empeleni zibonakaliswa ekudonselweni kwengxenye yamahlumela. Ukuze uphumelele kulinywe, udinga ukuhlinzeka ngenkxaso ye-hibiscus. Ngenhlanhla, kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda lapho kunesidingo esikhulu sokunisela isitshalo. IHibiscus uqobo libonisa ukuntuleka komswakama ngokulahla amaqabunga. Kepha kungcono ukungalindi ukuqothuka kwabo, nasesibonakalisweni sokuqala sesomiso, umane unisele izihlahla ngendlela efanayo nezikhula phambili. Ama-higation wokunisela udinga i-systemic, njalo, alondoloze umswakama okhanyayo, nsuku zonke - ehlobo. Noma iyiphi i-hibiscus ayikwenqaba ukufafaza.

IHibiscus ithanda imalching, esiza ukugcina umswakama futhi idlale indima yokuzivikela ekushiseni okwedlulele. Izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu zinotshani kanye ne-peat nge-humus.

IHibiscus iyazwela ekugqokeni okuphezulu nokwakheka kwayo. Isitshalo asikubekezeleli ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ne-iron, kepha ukweqiwa kwalokho okugcina kungaba yinto edabukisayo kukho. Kungcono ukuthi i-hibiscus isebenzise izingxube ezikhethekile zomquba kanye nama-micronutrients ezitshalo eziqhakazayo eziqukethe inani elikhulu le-phosphorus. Nge-hibiscus enhlabathini evulekile, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-2-3 kuyenziwa - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasendaweni yokuqhakaza (ungangeza amanye amasonto angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuqalwa kwezimbali). Kukhona okunye okungafani - okokugqoka kwesibili nokwesithathu kuyashintshwa ukunisela okwenziwa njalo ngenyanga noma ngaphezulu ngamanyolo wezitshalo ezibunjiweyo, kepha lokhu kuyindlela enobungozi. Izitshalo ezitshala izitshalo zondliwa njalo emavikini amabili zisebenzisa umanyolo wezitshalo eziqhakazayo noma izingxube ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu phosphorus.

Njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3 kungcono ukuthi lesi sitshalo senze ukwakheka okuhle komqhele, ngenkathi izihlahla kufanele kube minyaka yonke. Izimbali ze-hibiscus eziqhakaza emahlumela konyaka wamanje nezimbali eziningi, ukukhula okuncane kufanele kukhuthazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo siyakubekezelela ukuthengwa ngaphandle kokulimala. Benza inqubo yokunciphisa kancane izeluleko zamahlumela ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula okusebenzayo, entwasahlobo yokuqala (ngemuva kokususa indawo yokukhosela). Futhi i-hibiscus yeshubhu ethanda ukushisa, e-Syria kanye ne-hybrid, ayesabi ukuthenwa iziqubu futhi ingatshalwa ngesimo esiqinile, ixoshwe kwi-bole. I-Campus hibiscus ilungiswa ngendlela efanayo ngonyaka, kepha uma ifiswa, zingakhiwa kaningi. Isikhathi esikahle sokugunda izinwele zabo ukuqala kwentwasahlobo noma ukwindla.

I-hibiscus ephuzi esiqwini. © Johnna Roose

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ubusika

Isu lokudambisa ubusika kwengadi hibiscus lincike ebulukhuni babo basebusika:

I-herbaceous nesihlahla saseSyria hibiscus azidingi indawo yokuhlala eqinile, njengoba iminyaka ingafukama nhlobo ngobumba obuncane kuphela noma cha.
Izindawo zaseM Malozimostoyky ezindala zaseSyria ezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezingekho esifundeni sakho esivandeni zingabusika kuphela lapho zivuthwe kakhulu futhi zinendawo yokukhosela eqinile, kepha kungcono ukuzikhulisa njengezitshalo zonyaka noma zithwale ngaphakathi ebusika.
Yenza okufanayo, futhi uma ungaqiniseki ngokumelana nesithwathwa nemvelaphi yesitshalo (noma sithole inhlobo enhle kakhulu, kepha ekuqaleni inhlobonhlobo yokuhlanya). Kungcono ukugaya i-hibiscus ngenhlama enkulu yobumba, uyihambise esitsheni bese uyigcina egumbini elibandayo, kodwa hhayi iqhwa futhi elikhanyayo.
Ukugoqa ne-hibiscus yangaphakathi kuyiswa endlini nesikhathi esifushane sokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nje lapho kunosongo lweqhwa lobusuku. Zikhula kahle kakhulu ngenkathi ebandayo njengezitshalo zasendlini noma ezibekwe egumbini elingenazithando zeqhwa elinokufinyelela ukukhanya.

Ukulungiswa kwe-hibiscus ye-herbaceous kuhlukile kulungiswa kwezitshalo ezinamahlahla nezihlahla ezifana nesihlahla: zisikwa ziye ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-10-15 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi bese kufafazwa ngamahlamvu kuwo wonke ukuphakama noma okuhlanganisiwe ngenhlabathi eyomile. Lokhu kuzokwanela ubusika.

Isici esihlukile sesihlahla nesihlahla se-hibiscus yikhono lokukwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa ngokwedlule. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokukhula okuqondile, i-hibiscus izoba yi-hardy ngokuphelele ebusika ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, futhi izihlahla ezindala ngeke zihlupheke nakumaqhwa anamandla kakhulu. Kodwa ukugcina izitshalo ekuvuthweni kuwumsebenzi onzima futhi odinga ukuqaphela njalo. IHibiscus izwela kakhulu onyakeni wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, kodwa akufanelekile ukuthatha izingozi futhi ubashiye ngaphandle kokukhosela kuze kube yilapho ingane eneminyaka engu-4-5 ibuya.

Inothi. Ama-Hibiscuses, ikakhulukazi lawo ma-hybrid, akhipha amaqabunga amaqabunga futhi akhombisa izimpawu zokukhula sekwephuze kakhulu, imvamisa kuphela ngoMeyi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi alinda ihlobo. Ukungabikho kwamaqabunga akufanele kuthathwe njengesibonakaliso sokuthi isitshalo asikaze siphile ebusika: ungakhathazeki kuze kube nguJuni bese kuphela iziphetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isitshalo sisincane, kamuva sivuka.

Ekhabeni eliphakathi, i-hibiscus ebusika kufanele imbozwe okungenani kancane - spud enamaqabunga omile ukuze kulondolozwe okungenani izingxenye ezingezansi zezihlumela. Ama-hibiscus amasha, nawo wonke amahlahla ofuna ukuwavimbela okokuqothula amahlumela angaphezulu komhlaba, bopha ngokucophelela ebusika:

Cwilisa inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo ngezinto zesitshalo, bese ukhipha iziqu ngamacembe omile aphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Songa i-hibiscus ngamagatsha e-spruce, uwubopha ngamawele (futhi mhlawumbe uqinisa nge-burlap), udale izingqimba ezimbalwa zokuphephela. Musa ukusebenzisa izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe: zizokhulisa ubungozi bokuguga, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhetha ibhulashi elula.

Iningi lama-hibiscus aseSyria ahlala isikhathi eside angakhula enhlabathini evulekile ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima ngaphandle kokucasha ebusika ziphile ngempumelelo, kulondolozwa kuphela isiqu namahlumela okuvuselela. Kepha abesabi ukufa ngezingxenye zezinto zasemkhathini: ukuqhakaza kwama-hibiscus amahlumela amasha, kubuyiselwe kahle futhi amahlamvu akhula futhi. Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo, izihlahla ziyaqhakaza azikaze zibe zimbi kakhulu kunezitshalo ezigcina zonke izingxenye zingaphezulu kobusika, yize zingafinyeleli ebusheni nasebuhleni be-hibiscus embozwe. Kepha uma unethuba (nesifiso) sokumboza ngokuphelele i-hibiscus endala kakhulu ebusika futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugcine izingxenye zesitshalo okungenani ingxenye ethile ngonyaka olandelayo - yisebenzise nakanjani.

Ungagijimeli ngesikhafu nendawo yokukhosela: i-hibiscus ayesabi amafrimu amancane, ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo kufanele sivunyelwe ukuzikhandla ngokwaso ngaphambi kokugoqa. UNovemba uthathwa njengesikhathi esifanele sokubeka indawo yokuhlala i-hibiscus, kepha kungcono ukugxila emazingeni okushisa: asibekela isitshalo lapho amafrimu azinza ebekwe ku--5-10 degrees. Kungcono ukwakha indawo yokukhosela ngezikhathi ezithile, emigijimweni eminingana - okokuqala ukufakwa kumalambu, bese kuba yi-hill, bese kuphela - amagatsha e-spruce. Futhi ama-huts aqhamuka kuwo angadalwa ngezingcingo ezi-1-2.

Izifo kanye izinambuzane of engadini hibiscus

IHibiscus, ngaphandle kwesimo sayo esiyingqayizivele, ibhekana nezinsongo ezijwayelekile futhi kuyaqabukela igule. Izinkinga ekukhuleni kwayo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa hhayi nezifo, kepha ukondliwa okungafanele nokunakekelwa okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ukuwa kwamaqabunga, osebenza kakhulu phansi komqhele, kwenzeka ngenxa yokucwilisa inhlabathi, kanti ukungabikho kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kungenxa yokuqhela kwe-nitrogen. Ukutheleleka nge-fungus akuyona eyethusayo i-hibiscus, kepha ukuncipha kwenhlabathi, ukubhala amanzi, okusalungiswa okusebenzayo, nokungabikho kwe-mulch kuyisici esibucayi.

Izinambuzane zisongela i-hibiscus engadini kuphela endaweni yezitshalo ezinegciwane. Ama-aphid, ama-thrips, ama-whiteflies athanda kakhulu i-hibiscus ye-tubular and potted, kanti i-spider mite itholakala kaningi. Kungcono ukulwa nanoma yiziphi izinambuzane ngokushesha ngama-insecticides. Kuliqiniso, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokulungiswa kokunakekelwa okubangele ukuba sengozini - ikakhulukazi, izinyathelo zokuthoba umoya.

Amagxolo e-hibiscus, abekelwe ebusika ngesihlahla sonwele saseSpruce ngaphandle kokugqekeza, angaheha izinduku, ikakhulukazi amagundane ase-vole. Ukugwema ukuvakasha okungathandeki kanye nomonakalo esitshalweni, setha izicupho noma ubeke amalungiselelo athile enduku azungeze izikhala. Uma usebenzise i-burlap ngaphandle kwe-lapnik, khona-ke lezo zinyathelo ngeke zidingeke.

Ukuzala kweHibiscus

Ungathola isitshalo esisha nokusikwa, nokuhlelwa, nokuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla, ngisho nembewu. Ukuphumelela ekuzaliseni i-hibiscus kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni okulungile kotshwala bukamama: akufanele uzame ukuletha izitshalo ezivela ku-hibiscus yangaphakathi engadini. Uma ufuna ukuthola isithako esiyamelana nesithwathwa, qiniseka ukuthi isitshalo somama asibekezeleli kuphela ubusika kahle endaweni yakho ngaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala, kodwa futhi sivumelanise nezimo kakhulu kangangokuba akudingi indawo yokuhlala ephelele namagatsha e-spruce. Ukuzalanisa, sebenzisa i-hibiscus yabantu abadala, evunyelwe kahle.

Indlela elula yokusakaza i-hibiscus ngezindlela zokusika ezingasikwa ehlobo lonke. Ngokuzala, kusetshenziswa ukukhula okuncane. Sika izingcezu ngama-2 kuya ku-3 ama-internode bese uphatha izigaba ngokushesha ngezidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukukhula kanye nokubamba kwezimpawu. Izicucu zeHibiscus zigxilwe kahle ekushiseni, emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-22-25 degrees kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enesihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke inqubo ithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpawu, ukusikeka kufanele kudluliselwe ezitsheni ngazinye ezinomhlabathi ovundile futhi kukhule ngokunisela kuphela ngamanzi afudumele.Khula okungenani iminyaka engu-2 (futhi mhlawumbe engu-2-3) ye-cutways ye-hibiscus njengezitsha zesitsha, ebusika obandayo egumbini futhi isikhathi eside njengokukhula engadini. Futhi kuphela lapho uzithwale zingene enhlabathini evulekile.

I-hibiscus ye-perennial ikhula kusuka ezinhlanyweni kuphela ngokusebenzisa izithombo, ngenkathi ukuhlwanyela kufanele kube kusekuqaleni kakhulu - kusuka kuJanuwari kuya engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi. Zidinga ukufakwa esikhulisweni sokukhula, ukuxubeka kwenhlabathi okungaxhunyiwe, amazinga okushisa aphakeme angaba ngu-25-25 degrees Celsius nendawo yokuhlala ngengilazi noma ifilimu. Izithombo akufanele zithintwe kuze kukhiqizwe amaqabunga aphelele angama-2-3, emva kwalokho adinga ukutshelwa ezimbizeni ezincane zomuntu. Iminyaka yokuqala engama-2-3, i-hibiscus ingcono ukukhula njengezitshalo zesitsha, futhi ziqhakaza kuphela ngonyaka wesine. I-Syria kanye ne-ternary hibiscus lapho ikhule njengeyonyaka etshalwe ngqo enhlabathini ngoMeyi. Bayoqhakaza ngokuwa.

Imivimbo yamuva ihlukaniswa futhi ihlukaniswe kuphela ku-hibiscus enotshani. Inqubo yenziwa ezihlahleni ezindala kuneminyaka engama-5-6 entwasahlobo.