Izwe lama-fern likhulu ngokungajwayelekile, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zikhule ngempumelelo njengezilimo zasendlini. Phakathi kokuqina kakhulu nokubonga yi-nephrolepis, ukunakekelwa nokukhula kwendlu ngisho ne-novice in floriculture can.
Uhlobo lwe-nephrolepsis, oluhlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingama-40 ezizimele, lufaka zombili i-ferns yomhlaba kanye nama-epiphytes wangempela. Iningi lezitshalo zivela esifundeni esishisayo nasendaweni esishisayo yama-hemispheres asentshonalanga nasempumalanga. Ukwakha imibandela yale mbali efulethini, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele okuthandwayo nemikhuba yayo yemvelo.
Ukukhanyisela i-nephrolepis
Ama-Fern ayizakhamuzi zomdabu ezisehlathini, eziwavikela ngokuthembekile elangeni elihangulayo. Lapho unakekela i-nephrolepis ekhaya, izitshalo ezivikelwe elangeni eliqondile zikhethelwa isitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, emafasiteleni asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga. Ngenkathi efudumele, imbali ngeke izizwe ingathandeki noma ngasohlangothini olusenyakatho. Ebusika kuphela, isitshalo singadinga ukukhanya okuncane.
Kepha ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu, ukukhanyisa i-nephrolepis ngokuqinisekile akulungile. Ukwedlula kwayo kuholela kuphuzi futhi komiswe amaqabunga, i-fern ibukeka icindezelwe, i-vayi ekhona yehlisa ukukhula, futhi akuvamile ukuba kuvela okusha.
Uma kungekho okunye okuhlukile ngewindi eliseningizimu, kungcono ukuletha imbiza nge-nephrolepis ekujuleni egumbini noma ubeke isikrini shading phakathi kwefern nengilazi.
Ukushisa kanye nomswakama we-nephrolepis
INephrolepis ayibekezeleli umoya owomile nezikhathi ezinde zokupholisa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka +12 ° C. Izitshalo eziningi emahlathini anomswakama nasendaweni ezishisa kakhulu azikwazanga ukopha kathathu efulethini ledolobha. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-ferns lukhuni kakhulu. Uma ngokwenziwe umswakama ophezulu owenziwe nge-artificial, izinga lokushisa le-nephrolepis lingaba + 16-25 ° C. Emoyeni oshisayo, lesi sitshalo sibukeka sicindezelekile, kodwa siyaphila uma ihlela ukufafaza njalo noma ukunisela umqhele.
Ebusika, lapho umsebenzi wokukhula wehla, izinga lokushisa liyokwehliswa futhi imbiza kufanele isuswe kude nama-radiator okushisa neminye imithombo yokushisa. Isitha esikhulu se-fern siyihlaka. Ukunakekela i-nephrolepis kwakungeyona ize, musa ukubeka lesi sitshalo ngaphansi kwe-transom evulekile noma emnyango we-balcony.
Njengasehlobo, ebusika, ishafa elifudumele elinamanzi athambile lihlelwe njalo ngama-ferns. Ngaphambi kokuthi "izinqubo zamanzi" inhlabathi imbozwe ifilimu noma ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo zokuswakama.
Ukunisela i-Nephrolepis
Lapho kukhula i-nephrolepis ekhaya, ukunakekelwa kwezimbali akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokunisela okuhlelekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-fern isitshalo esidinga umswakama womhlabathi oqhubekayo. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, umswakama okweqile kuyindlela eqinisekile ekuthuthukisweni kokubola, ukusakazwa kwezinambuzane, ukulahleka kokuhlobisa nokufa kwesitshalo.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwezinhlobo eziningi zale fern alungene lujule emhlabathini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye senza inhlama ebunjiwe ngaphansi kobuso bomhlaba. Ukuze ungafaki ukomisa lokho okuyingozi kusiko kanye nokuvikela inhlabathi ukungasebenzi komswakama, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunisela kwe-nephrolepis kusuka esikhwameni. Ukuhlanganisa umhlaba nge-sphagnum eyomile noma ubumba olunwetshisiwe kuzosiza ukugcina amanzi enhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlisi zomoya wasekhaya kuyasiza ekulweni nokomiswa komhlabathi nayo yonke imbali.
Lapho unakekela i-nephrolepis, noma ngabe iyanisela noma ifafaza, udinga ukuthatha amanzi athambile, ahleliwe noma ahlungiwe. Ukushisa kwalo kufanele kube phezulu kancane kunokushisa kwegumbi.
Ebusika, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ukunqwabelana komswakama ebhodweni nepani ngaphansi kwalo. Uma inhlabathi engaphansi kwe-nephrolepis isafakelwe i-asidi, kungcono ukwenza ukufakelwa okungahleliwe esikhundleni somhlabathi owonakele.
Inhlabathi yeNephrolepis nokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-fern
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukufakelwa okwenziwa entwasahlobo futhi kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-fern ngokuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes. Ukuze lo mbono udluliselwe ebhodweni omusha usheshe ukhulise futhi ukhule, bathola inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yama-ferns noma balungiselele le ngxube ngokwayo.
Lesi sitshalo sizizwa sikhululekile endaweni encane enempilo noma engathathi hlangothi, esidlula ngokuphelele amanzi, umoya futhi singaphazamisi ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande. Uma inhlabathi lapho unakekela i-nephrolepis futhi uyitshala ekhaya kwenziwa ngezandla zakho, engeza kuyo ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo:
- umhlaba ovundile wegadi;
- ukuhlunga okuhleliwe;
- isihlabathi somfula esigezwe kahle;
- inhlabathi enobumbeko.
I-sphagnum esisikiwe namalahle ahlanganisiwe angaba yinto ewusizo. Lezi zengezo azihlanganisi kuphela i-substrate, kodwa futhi zivikela lesi sitshalo ekuqothulweni kwegciwane nokubola.
Uma i-acidity yenhlabathi ye-nephrolepis idlula i-pH 5.0-6.0, amayunithi, kuyadingeka ukwethula ufulawa we-dolomite.
Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ama-ferns aduthwa kabili ngenyanga esebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zokuhlobisa neziyinqumayo. Ebusika, imvamisa yokugqoka okuphezulu incishiswa ibe kanye ngenyanga.
Ubunzima ekunakekeleni i-nephrolepis
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko esibonisa ukuthi izinkinga zi-aphuzi, zomile futhi ziwele ku-tata, i-cirrus elongated wai. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Yibuphi ubunzima obukhulu ekunakekeleni i-nephrolepis elindele umtshali?
Imvamisa, umthandi wezitshalo zasendlini kufanele abhekane nenqubo yemvelo yokuvuselela ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo. Ukushintsha ama-wyamas aphelelwe yisikhathi, kuvela intsha. Ngasikhathi sinye, umqhele awuzivezi; ubukeka ukhuthazekile, uphilile futhi uphilile. Kulokhu, susa i-vayi ngomusa futhi uhlanze inhlabathi ngaphansi imbali.
Enye into ukulahleka kokuhlobisa ngenxa yokunakekelwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-nephrolepis. Kushiya amaqabunga:
- ukomiswa okuhleleka komzimba wobumba;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile, okwenze kwabonakala ukubola kwezimpande;
- Indawo engafanele imbali lapho khona isitshalo ihlushwa khona ngokweqile kokukhanya noma okusalungiswa.
Ukubuyiselwa emuva kokukhula kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa namazinga okushisa aphansi, ukuntuleka komsoco noma i-meta yamahhala ebhodweni. Amacala amabili okugcina, ubunzima ekunakekeleni i-nephrolepis zixazululwa ngokufakelwa noma ngokusungula irejimeni yokudla.
Iphutha elivamile lomtshali ukwenqaba ukufaka inzalo noma ukungasebenzi inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo. Izingcezane zesicabucabu kuphela, ezicasulayo ngomoya owomile ngokweqile, noma izinambuzane ezikalwa engadini, ezihlala emafutheni amnyama ashubile wefern. Kepha inani lezinambuzane zenhlabathi likhulu kakhulu. INephrolepis isongelwa ngama-bacterial putrefactive ne-pathogenic fungi, mealybugs, thrips. Ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngama-insecticides nama-fungicides kuzosiza ukubhekana nakho. Uma kukhona i-nematode emhlabathini, khona-ke imbali izofa nakanjani.
