Iphephabhuku ngalinye kwakudingeka libhekane nesimo okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe lapho isithasiselo sendlu ebushelelezi, ithengwa esitolo sezimbali, ingazange ifinyelele kulokho obekulindelwe. Izinkinga zivame kakhulu ezitshalweni ezingenamikhawulo, zabantu abadala, ezingafani nezimbali; kodwa amahlamvu ama-Spartan okuhlobisa awakwazi ukusindisa njalo. Imbangela yokufa noma yokulahleka kokuhlobisa ihlala ihlotshaniswa ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye nokunakekelwa okungafanele esiteji sokuqala (ngemuva kokuthenga). Ngemuva kwakho konke, izitshalo ezingaphakathi ezithengiwe zidinga ukuzivumelanisa nobushelelezi endlini entsha. Futhi uma wenza amaphutha ekunakekelweni kokuqala - amathuba okuphinda aqoqwe ngempumelelo kweqoqo kuzokwehla okuphindwe kayishumi.
Ukukhethwa kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa zasendlini esitolo.
Kunezinto eziningi ezithinta ikhono lesitshalo sokugcina ubuhle baso kuphela, ukuqhubeka nokuqhakaza noma ukungalahli amaqabunga endaweni entsha, kodwa ukuze usinde. Futhi iningi lazo alinawo amandla okulawula umtshali. Ezinye izikhungo zezimbali zivame ukuphatha izitshalo ngama-inhibitors okukhula, zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yamanyolo kanye nezivuseleli, futhi zivame ukuphatha izitshalo ngama-fungicides nama-phytohormones, zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile ezibavumela ukuba balondoloze ukubukeka kwabo okuhlobisa "nokwazisa". Kulokhu, izitolo eziningi zezimbali azihlukile kwezezimbali: kunezimfihlo eziningi zokulondolozwa kokusha kanye nobuhle bezitshalo eziyeka ukusebenza lapho nje izitshalo zingena ezandleni zomthengi. Kodwa noma ngabe sikhuluma ngezitolo zezimbali ezinedumela elihle nelinomthwalo wemfanelo onedumela elihle, izimo ezikuzo zisaqondile. Izitshalo ezikhona, empeleni, zisendaweni efana nezimbali zokugcina izimbali. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo futhi okuvame kakhulu, umswakama ophezulu nokugqoka okuphezulu njalo. Ezitolo ezinkulu, abesilisa abahle abalutholi ukunakekelwa oludingekayo, ezimakethe bahlushwa i-vagaries yesimo sezulu. Futhi njalo, lapho isitshalo siwela imvelo ejwayelekile yezindlu zangasese futhi izimo ezingenhla ziphela, isimo saso sangempela sembulwa. Futhi izinganekwane ukuthi izitshalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzigcina, kungaphezu kokushiyeka kwangempela kwezitshalo ezithengiwe.
Ukwesaba ukuthenga izitshalo akudingekile. Izitshalo eziningi zasendlini ezisetshenziselwa ingaphakathi azikhulelwanga ngokwazo, kodwa ziyathengwa. Futhi uma kusekhona izilwane ezifuywayo eziluhlaza emizini yethu, ukuzilonda akuyona into engenakwenzeka futhi inezinkinga. Okokuqala, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi awusindisi isitshalo, kodwa usisiza ukuthi sihambisane nezinguquko. Akufanele wesabe izinganekwane ngomhlaba ongagcineki wokuhamba, lapho kubonakala sengathi ayikho indawo efanelekile yezitshalo, futhi ukuthi ayiphathwa ngama-inhibitors noma ama-stimulants, noma ushintsho olukhombisa ngokwezimo. Ngisho nesitshalo esibuthakathaka noma esidotshwe ngokweqile esivumelanisa nezimo kufanele sisinde, futhi uma sikhona, cishe sizokufa. Ngakho-ke, imithetho yokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kwezitshalo akufanele yephulwe, futhi zonke izidingo zezimo kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqinile.
Ukushintshanisa izitshalo ezingaphakathi ezithengiwe ngokuya ngawo wonke amakhanoni, udinga ukunakekela izinto ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- Mayelana nokuhamba okuyikho kanye nokuhambisana nawo wonke amazinga wokuhlola nokukhethwa kwezitshalo.
- Mayelana nokuthathelwa kokuqala kokuhlukaniswa.
- Mayelana nokuqala kokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo okuhleliwe.
Ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo ezithengiwe zasendlini.
Ukuthenga nokuhambisa kusinyathelo sokuqala
Indlela efanele yokuthenga, enengqondo futhi ehlakaniphile iyisiqinisekiso esihle kakhulu sempumelelo. Vele, izitshalo zasendlini, okokuqala, zikhethwa ngenhliziyo. Kodwa empeleni, ukukhetha kufanele kube, okokuqala, kusebenza. Ubuhle nokungabekezeleleki kulungile lapho singakwazi ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngezimo ezidingekayo nokunakekelwa. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe ngokunembile ukuthi izokubekwa kuphi, ukuthi iyahambelana yini ngesitayela nosayizi, ukuthi iyahambelana yini eqoqweni, ukuthi kungaba nokukhanya okwanele yini nokuthi amazinga okushisa afanelekile yini. Ukusuka ezintweni zomhlaba wonke njengohlelo lombala kanye nomphumela ekubukweni kwesikhala kuya “ezintweni ezincane” njengokuma kwamaqabunga nohlobo lwesakhiwo - kubalulekile ukucubungula konke.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukulethwa kwesitshalo ekhaya kubhekwa njengengxenye yenqubo yokuthenga, kungenye lapho ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo kuqala. Izinga lomonakalo esitshalweni lizoxhomekeka ekutheni uyayikhohlwa yini imithetho yokufaka, noma ngabe usiphatha ngokunakekela isitshalo futhi uma unaka zonke izinto. Futhi ngokuqinisekile uyoba njalo. Ngisho nohambo lwemoto nomnyango lusengcindezi yesitshalo. Futhi umsebenzi womlimi ukusinciphisa. Ukuqapha, inhlangano enekhono kanye nokuntuleka kwejubane kungabasizi abahle kakhulu.
Ukuhlola kabusha kuyadingeka
Lapho uletha isitshalo ekhaya, musa ukujaha ukusibeka ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kokukhetha ukukhanya, i-angle enhle nokuhlola ukuthi ikamelo elinendoda entsha liyobukeka kanjani, kufanele uhlole ukuthi isitshalo sihlupheke kangakanani ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Kodwa ngisho nokuhlolwa kungcono hhayi kude.
Lapho uletha isiko elingaphakathi ekhaya lakho, ungagijimisi ukususa isembozo. Lapha, umgomo ofanayo "usebenza" njengokuphatheka kwempahla yasendlini: vumela izinga lokushisa "liphume" futhi livikele isitshalo umehluko. Vele ushiye isitshalo ekuhlanganisweni yaso imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-40 noma ngaphezulu kwengxenye ebanda kunazo zonke yendlu. Njengomphumela wokulindela okulula kokususa iphepha noma ifilimu, ngeke udale ukwethuka okwengeziwe. Uma isitshalo sesaba ukuphinde sihlele kabusha, siyokwazi “ukwehlisa umoya”, sibuyele kokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa ngokwako akwenziwa nhlobo ngokucophelela njengasekuthengeni isitshalo: udinga nje ukuhlola isilinganiso sokulimala ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ukufakwa kususwa ngokucophelela emgqonyeni, kuphatha ngobumnene ngangokunokwenzeka, bese kuhlolwa amahlumela, amaqabunga nezimbali. Uma uqaphela ukuthi enye ingxenye yesitshalo ilimele, iphukile noma ibunjiwe - kungcono ukususa iqabunga elinjalo noma ihlumela ngokushesha. Izingxenye ezilimele ngeke zibuyiselwe, futhi lesi sitshalo, futhi ngesimo sokuthuthumela, sizosebenzisa amandla nezinsizakusebenza kuzo. Qiniseka ukuthi ucubungula zonke izingcezu ophoqelelwa ukuba uzenze, njengamanye amanxeba - ngamaloli akhethekile noma namalahle omane awachotshoziwe.
Musa ukujaha ngemuva kokukhipha amanzi ngokushesha. Eqinisweni, kungcono ukungayisebenzisi izinsuku ezingama-2-3 kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zivumelaniswa kancane nezimo zokukhanya nokushisa. Okuwukuphela kwento esetshenziswayo eyomile kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuvumbulula nokuhlola, hlola ukuthi inhlabathi imanzi kangakanani ungqimba oluphakathi. Uma kuphela ijazi eliphakeme selomile, linda okungenani usuku olungu-1 ngaphambi kokunisela. Futhi uma inhlabathi imanzi, bese uhlehlisa ukuchelela izinsuku eziningana.
Ukunakekela izitshalo zokuhlobisa zasendlini ezingathengiwe.
Isikhathi sokuvumelanisa okuthambile ezimweni "eziphakathi"
Amaviki ambalwa okuqala ngemuva kokuthenga, izitshalo eziluthayo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuhlukaniswa. Futhi igama elinjalo lilungile impela. Isitshalo esisendlini asidingi umlutha nje othambile, kodwa futhi nokubekwa kude kwezinye izilimo zasendlini. Yize kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi izifo nezinambuzane azinakuqashelwa, futhi amaphutha akhanyayo lapho kuhlolwa angaphenduka inhlekelele eqoqweni lonke. Izitshalo zesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa nokushintshwa kwezimo zibekwa ngokwahlukana, kude nezinye izitshalo, zibheka ngokucophelela izimpawu zezinkinga emaqabungeni, amahlumela, efihlekile. Kodwa ukuthola ukuthi isiko lithinteka yizilokazane noma izifo kungenye uhlangothi lwalesi sikhathi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, into ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo ukuvumelanisa okuthambile futhi okubushelelezi ezimeni ezintsha nezingajwayelekile zesitshalo.
Ukuze isitshalo siphile esikhathini sokulutha ngaphandle kobuhlungu, sidinga ukuhlinzeka ngezimo eziphakathi - zombili ekukhanyiseni nasekushiseni. Musa ukubeka ngokushesha izitshalo endaweni ehlala ikhona futhi emazingeni okushisa abo ajwayelekile. Kungcono ukubeka izitshalo zasendlini ukuze zipholile noma zilingane endaweni enamakamelo - izinga lokushisa alikho ngaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius noma kubanda uma isitshalo simelana nokubanda. Izitshalo kufanele zibekwe kude nezinto zokufudumeza futhi ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zivikele kokubhaliwe, ukunyakaza komoya okusebenzayo: imvelo yazo ngesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo kufanele ibe ezinzile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukukhanyiswa kukhethwe futhi phakathi kwezinketho "ezithambile" kakhulu. Hlola okuthandayo kwezitshalo bese ukhetha ubuncane bokukhanya obudingekayo. Uma isiko likhetha ukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu, kuvezwa endaweni ekhanyayo ngokukhanya okungafani. Uma izizwa kahle yomibili ekukhanyeni nasethunzini elilinganayo, idalulwa emthunzini oyingxenye, futhi amasiko abekezelela umthunzi awafakwa ekukhanyisweni, kepha afakwe emjondolo. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akwamukeleki kunoma yiliphi isiko elisanda kuthuthela ekhaya lakho.
Ipharamitha yesithathu okufanele uyinake umswakama. Uma ungazange uthenge umuntu ohlala ehlane, kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhulise umswakama womoya ukuze ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nobumnene ngangokunokwenzeka. Umoya omile, futhi nomoya omile ngokwedlulele ungaba isici esibucayi ekulahlekelweni kwamahlamvu, ukomisa ukuphuma emaphethelweni amaqabunga nokusakazeka kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane esitshalweni esisengozini. Iningi lezitshalo zihlala zisezimweni ezicishe zifane nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ngaphambi kokuthenga kwakho, futhi umswakama owandayo uzosiza ukuwajwayela kahle imvelo endaweni entsha. Ukufafaza okuvame ukufakwa noma ukufakwa kwezihlanzo zobungcweti nezimboni kuzokwakha indawo enhle yesikhathi senguquko. Izitshalo ezihlanzeke kakhulu zingabekwa "ngaphansi kwehod" ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Ngemuva kokutshala isitshalo isikhathi sokujwayela, zama ukusikhathaza kancane. Musa ukuhlelela kabusha isiko futhi ungaphenduki amabhodwe, ungagezi amaqabunga, ungafiki ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa amakhono bese uzama ukugwema ukuthintana nhlobo. Gcina umkhondo womswakama wenhlabathi futhi ulondoloze umswakama okhanyayo kepha ongaguquki (kungcono ukhethe isu elifanayo njengokukhanya - ubungako obuncane bomswakama obamukelekayo wesitshalo esithile). Ungesabi ukuthi izitshalo zingase zibe yinhle kancane, ngokubukeka kwazo okucindezelekile noma ezinye izinkomba zokuxineka: uma unikeza isitshalo isikhathi sokujwayela indlu entsha, izobhekana nezinkinga ezinjalo. Kuyafaneleka ukubabheka njengezimpawu ezisobala zempilo yokugula lapho, noma sekuphothuliwe ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kunezimpawu ezicacile zokuphazamiseka nomonakalo.
Isikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezimo ezimweni eziphakathi kufanele sigcine kuze kuqale kabusha kwezimpawu zokukhula nentuthuko. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe yizinsuku ezingama-3-5, isilinganiso esifanele singamaviki angama-2-3.
Izitshalo zokuhlobisa ingaphakathi lekameloUkuqala kokunakekelwa okugcwele
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa, izitshalo zibekwa ezimeni lapho uzozikhulisa khona ngokuzayo; zibekwa endaweni ehlala njalo futhi zisetshenziswa ngokuphelele ekuhlobiseni ingaphakathi. Kepha impumelelo enkulu nokuthi isitshalo esithengiwe sizokujabulisa kangakanani ngokuya ngekhwalithi yokunakekelwa. Ama-Slips ezitshalo atholakele ayingozi kakhulu kuneembewu ezikhulile noma ezisikiwe. Eqinisweni, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngeke kuphele izinyanga ezizayo.
Ezilwanyweni ngemuva kokujwayela kokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuqapha njalo, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, uphawula ngokucophelela noma yiziphi izinkinga. Ukunisela, izinkomba zomswakama womoya kufanele kufane ncamashi nokukhethayo komuntu ngamunye kwezitshalo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezilimo ezithengiwe akwenziwa izinyanga eziyi-1-2 ngemuva kokuthengwa (okuhlukile kwenzelwa izitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali eziningi, lapho ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa zedluliselwa esimisweni sazo esifanele. Izitshalo eziningi zijwayele ukugqoka kahle okuphezulu, ngakho-ke, ukungeniswa kwazo ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kuzothuthukisa kuphela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Okuyingozi kakhulu ukufakelwa. Uma ufuna ukushintsha imbiza ngezizathu ezinhle, vele ubeke isitsha endaweni entsha noma ugcobhoze imbiza ngenye indlela, bese udlulisela isitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma lapho ukukhula okusebenzayo kuqala futhi kuphela ngendlela isitshalo esithandayo (uma isitshalo sesaba ukulimala, khona-ke udlulise ngokucophelela ngokusho kwayo yonke imithetho). Ukudluliselwa kuyisici esibuhlungu kakhulu. Noma ngabe ukhethe isitshalo ngokungakhathali futhi kunezimpawu zokuntuleka kwenhlabathi, kungcono ukusibambezela (ukufakelwa) amaviki angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa. Kunoma yikuphi, ungazidlulisi izitshalo kuze kube kuphela kokuvalelwa. Futhi ungalokothi, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo (ngaphandle kokungcola okunamandla kwenhlabathi) ungazami ukuqeda ngokuphelele inhlabathi futhi ngisho nangaphezulu - geza izimpande. Izitshalo nazo azitshintshiwe ngesikhathi sokuphela, ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa kanye nokuqhakaza: kuzitshalo eziningi, ukufakelwa kungenziwa kuphela lapho ukukhula okuphezulu nesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwenzeka, imvamisa ngonyaka olandelayo (uma isitsha sinabanzi kanti isitshalo singazange sigcwalise isigcawu, khona-ke ingahlehliswa noma iminyaka engu-2-3, ithathe indawo ye-prosharok ephezulu kuphela). Izimo lapho kunesidingo sokudlulisa ngokushesha isitshalo lapho kuphuthelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa (okubunjiweyo, okunenhlabathi emanzi, okukhonjwe ngokuphelele yisigaxa sobumba, ikhwalithi engemihle yesakhiwo esingaphansi). Uma unaka ukuhlolwa nokukhethwa, uqinisekise ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile nokunembayo, uzolawula izinga lokomiswa kwesihlukwana phakathi kwezinqubo, futhi ungafaki ukuchelela "njengawo wonke umuntu", konke kuzoba ngokuhlelekile.
Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lamahemuhemu nokuqagela, izingxenyeni ezikhethekile "ezingenamhlaba" zakwamanye amazwe, ezithola izitshalo ezikhethiwe zaseDashi (hhayi hhayi kuphela), zizoba ingxube enhle kakhulu yenhlabathi yesitshalo sakho. Umqondo wokuhamba kwenhlabathi yezitshalo eziningi awukho: izitshalo zitshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni noma ukusikeka ngohlobo olufanayo lwesigcawu oyithengayo. Ngaphandle kuyizitshalo ezinkulu nezihlahla zesundu, kwesinye isikhathi ezidluliselwa kungxubevange yezithuthi zokukhanya, kepha zixwayiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokufakwa kwazo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Futhi kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo, imvelo ye-peat, i-coconut fiber nokunye ukuxubana okungenasisekelo kuyaziwa futhi kukhululekile. Kubo, ingxube yenhlabathi engajwayelekile ingumthombo omkhulu wokucindezela. Ukuntuleka kwendawo yezakhi enhlabathini lapho izitshalo zithengiswa khona kuyinganekwane efanayo nokungakwazi kwabo ukuthola amanzi. Kungukuthi nge-substrate enjalo, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokunisela kuyacaca kakhulu futhi kuyingozi: Ukunisela okuningi kakhulu kucishe kuholele ekuqinisekisweni kwe-acid and isikhunta, akwanele noma kungalingani - ekwephuleni kokuqina kwezimpawu zenhlabathi. Futhi izakhi zomzimba aziphindwaphindwa ngokudalwa kwezinto eziphilayo, kepha sibonga umanyolo osebenza isikhathi eside - kuyafana nanoma yimuphi umtshali ongawusebenzisa ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa. Ukugqoka okungaphezulu okungalungile enhlabathini enjalo nakho kuzizwa kunamandla esimweni sokuntuleka kukamanyolo, nangokweqile kwabo.
Kuyelulekwa ukuthi uqale ukunisela ezitshalweni ezitholakele kungaphelanga izinyanga ezimbalwa uzithengile. Kuvunyelwe kuphela ezitshalweni ezingaphinde ziqhakaze ngaphandle kwawo noma zidinga ukwakheka komqhele njalo. Ukususa ama-buds, ukumisa ukuqhakaza izimbali ukuze kuvumelane nezimo ezingcono akukufanele: ukuphazanyiswa okuphuthumayo kwesigaba sokuthuthuka kuzokhulisa ukucindezela kwesitshalo.
