Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda ngezithombo ekhaya Izinsuku Zokutshala Ukulima nokunakekela izithombo

Isitshalo seqanda sezithombo ezikhulayo ekhaya

Isitshalo seqanda ihlotshaniswa ngokwemvelo nemifino e-oblong yombala onsomi onsomi. Kepha ukujabulisa abatshali bemifino, njengamanje, abafuyi bezitshalo bahlukanise izinhlobo eziningi kanye no-nzalo ezihluka ngesakhiwo (spherical, eside, ekhonjiwe-like amakhandlela, like-pearl, njll) nombala (burgundy, omnyama, omhlophe, onemigqa). Ziyahlukahluka ukunambitheka, ukukhiqiza, kepha ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa izithombo buyafana.

Ukuthola isitshalo esigcwele ngokuphelele - isihlahla esisodwa singakhiqiza izithelo ezingaba ngu-25 - udinga ukwazi izici zemvelo zalaba bantu abavela eNdiya. Njengoba usudale izimo ezidingekayo, uzokhulisa ngempumelelo izithombo ukuze uthole izithelo eziningi.

Lezi zitshalo zithinta kakhulu amahora okukhanya kwemini. Kufanele kube cishe amahora ayi-12 000. Ukuqothuka okungenani amahora ambalwa kuthinta kabi izithelo: ukwakheka kwama-ovaries esikhathini esifudumele (ngoJuni, Julayi) akusebenzi kahle. Lapho amahora okukhanya kwemini ancipha (Agasti, Septhemba), inani lama-ovary likhula, kepha kungabikho ukushisa okwanele kokuvuthwa kwezithelo.

Abafuyi bakha isizukulwane esisha sezinhlobonhlobo kanye nenzalo engazwisisi amahora wekhwezi.

Izinsuku zokutshala imbewu yama-isitshalo seqanda yezithombo

Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda kanjani izithombo? Isitshalo seqanda sinesikhathi eside sokukhula nokukhula kancane. Ngokubude besikhathi kusukela ekubonakaleni kwezithombo kuya ekukhuleni kobuchwepheshe bezithelo, zihlukaniswe zaba:

ekuseni (izinsuku ezingama-85-90);
phakathi (izinsuku ezingama-90-120);
sekwephuzile (izinsuku ezingama-120-150).

Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda kanjani izithombo:

Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma eyishumi yokuqala kaMashi.
Izithombo zizobe zikulungele ukufakelwa zingene endaweni evulekile maphakathi no-Meyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Ngokuya ngobude besikhathi sokukhula, isikhathi sokutshala sezithombo zesitshalo seqanda singashintshwa ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12:

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala, okuphakathi, noku sekwephuzile zingatshalwa ngasikhathi sinye, kepha isikhathi sokufakelwa endaweni evulekile siyohluka.
Izithombo zezinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe zilungele ukutshala zineminyaka engu-45-55 izinsuku, maphakathi nesizini - izinsuku ezingama-55-70, sekwephuzile - izinsuku ezingama-70-80.
Lapho ufaka umhlaba ovulekile, uqondiswe yizimo zezulu endaweni yakini.

Embizeni ophakathi nendawo nasenyakatho, ukuhlwanyela izithombo zezithombo kuqala ngomhlaka 15 Mashi. Izithombo zizolunga ngezinsuku ezingama-60-70. Nikeza ukukhetha kumabanga okuqala naphakathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha kuzodingeka izimo ezingezekile (izithombo zokugcina ukushisa, izibani zokufakelwa, njll).

Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-isitshalo seqanda yokutshala izithombo

Ungayikhetha kanjani imbewu

Kungcono ukuthenga imbewu ezindaweni ezikhethekile ezithengiswayo. Imininingwane elandelayo kumele ikhonjiswe kwiphakheji:

Igama le-hybrid noma ukuhlukahluka. Uncamela isizukulwane sokuqala (uphawu lwe-F1), amelana kakhulu nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, izifo kanye nezinambuzane.
Inani lembewu ephakeji.
Izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Ukuba khona kwemininingwane emayelana nomenzi (ikheli, imininingwane yokuxhumana) kuyisiqinisekiso sekhwalithi.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala (noma ngabe ukwelashwa sekuqediwe).

Ungasebenzisa imbewu eyenziwe ekhaya. Kufanele kube ngokuhlukahluka - nzalo ngeke inikeze isivuno osifunayo.

Ungayicubungula kanjani imbewu

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwembewu kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana.

Okokuqala, badinga ukufudunyezwa. Songa imbewu ku-cheesecloth bese uyicwilisa emanzini ngokushisa kwe-45-50 ° C imizuzu engama-3-5. Gcina emanzini ashisayo isikhathi eside akufanele.
Ngemuva kwalokho sibulala amagciwane imbewu ukuze ivikeleke ezifweni. Lungisa isixazululo esingu-1% se-potassium permanganate, wehlise imbewu esikhwameni se-gauze imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwe-15, hlambulula ngaphansi kwamanzi ampompo. Esikhundleni se-potassium permanganate, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-biofungicides (amagamair, alirin, phytosporin). Yipheke ngokuya ngemiyalo efakiwe. Kulokhu, imbewu ayidingi ukugeza, kodwa yomiswa isesimweni sokugeleza.
Imbewu ikhula kancane - idinga inani elanele lezakhamzimba. Kuzodingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe nge-stimulator yokukhula (i-zircon, ekahle, i-epin, njll) kanye nomanyolo we-micronutrient (cytovit, microvit). Ukwehlisa isibalo sokwelashwa, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nalesi sigaba kungahlanganiswa ngokulungiselela ingxube yethangi. Lungiselela isixazululo somuthi ngamunye (ukukhuthaza ukukhula kanye ne-biofungicide) ngokwehlukana, ulandele imiyalo, bese ugalela esitsheni sinye uxube. Ngemuva kokushisa, gcina imbewu kule ngxube cishe amahora ayi-10. Musa ukuhlanza imbewu - udinga nje ukuyomisa ibe sesimweni sokugeleza kwayo.
I-Hardening yisigaba sokugcina sokucubungula. Imbewu kumele yomiswe. Izinsuku ezingama-5-6 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, gcina lezi zimo zokushisa ezilandelayo: ngesikhathi sasemini, gcina imbewu kumazinga okushisa we-18- 22 ° C (sill efasiteleni elipholile), ebusuku - 2-3 ° C (isigaba semifino esiqandisini kufanelekile).
Ukusheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo, kumila imbewu ngentando. Ngemuva kokuqina, zibeke ngendwangu emanzi esitsheni esicaba, imboze ngendwangu emanzi, ugcine endaweni emnyama efudumele. Lapho zibopha, zibeke ngokucophelela izinyo elilodwa noma amabili ezingilazini, bese ufafaza ngokucophelela ungqimba oluncane lwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi (into esemqoka ukungaphuli izihlumela zamathenda).

Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda zezithombo ekhaya

Ungatshala kanjani isitshalo seqanda ngezithombo ngaphandle kokukhetha izithombe

Ungawulungisa kanjani inhlabathi yokutshala isitshalo seqanda

Inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo idinga ukusabela okukhanyayo, kwamanzi nokuphefumula, okuvikela umswakama, nokungathathi hlangothi.

Ingxube yenhlabathi ifanelekile: izingxenye ezi-2 ze-humus, izingxenye ezi-2 zezwe lomhlaba wesodo noma ingxenye eyi-Peat engathathi hlangothi (1 peat of peat), 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi noma ingxenye eyodwa yesihlahla esikhulu se-saw. Enye inhlanganisela kungenzeka: Izingxenye ezi-2 ze-peat ephezulu noma i-1 ingxenye ye-humus, izingxenye ezi-2 zeqabunga noma umhlaba wesod, engeza ingxenye engu-0.5-1 yesihlabathi.

Noma iyiphi ingxube kufanele ihlanjululwe (ifudumele, ikhalori, iqhwa noma ibenuke). Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukufaka imikhiqizo ye-biological (planriz, trichodermin, njll). Zibhubhisa ngasikhathi sinye izidalwa ezingama-pathogenic futhi zifaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwe-microflora enempilo.

Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukufaka umanyolo. Ebhakethini eli-1 lokuxubana kwenhlabathi, engeza: 30-40 g we-nitrophosphate ne-1 inkomishi yomlotha wezinkuni. Ungasebenzisa ukugqokwa okuphezulu okuphezulu: 30-40 g wama-superphosphate granules, 15-20 g we-urea ne-potassium sulfate, 1 inkomishi yomlotha wezinkuni. Hlanganisa zonke izakhi kahle.

Ungakutshala kanjani isitshalo seqanda kwizithombo ngaphandle kokukhetha

Gcwalisa amathangi okutshala ngenhlabathi elungiselelwe. Kungaba ngamabhokisi ajwayelekile noma akhethekile ezithombo, iziqukathi ezihlukile (izinkomishi zepulasitiki, amabhodwe we-peat, amakhasethi). Nyakazisa inhlabathi kancane - imbewu ingaqhakaza futhi ingaqhumi emswakama ngokweqile.

Faka imbewu engu-1-2 kwikhasethi noma enkomishini eyodwa, ujule ngo-0.5-1 cm emhlabathini.
Lapho ukhula ebhokisini elijwayelekile, ungasebenzisa igridi enezidleke ngokuya ngephethini le-8 * 8 noma 6 * 6.

Mboza izitshalo ngefilimu okufanele isuswe lapho kuvela izithombo. Imbewu yezinhlobo zakuqala neziphakathi nendawo iyaqhuma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10, sekwephuze - ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14.

Ungawuhlwanyela kanjani izithombo yamaqanda isitshalo seqanda nokukhetha ividiyo:

Uma udinga ukukhula inani elikhulu lezithombo, futhi singekho isikhala esanele efasiteleni, ungaphendukela ekuhlwanyeleni njalo kwe-isitshalo seqanda ngezithombo:

Udinga ukutshala emabhokisini e-seedling amakhulu.
Imisele engashonile ebangeni elingama-4-5 cm imakwe ohlangothini lombusi.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emiseleni ebangeni elingama-05-1 cm.
Fafaza kancane ngomhlaba, u-moisten ngebhodlela lokufafaza, umboze ngefilimu.
Lapho kuvela izithombo, ifilimu iyasuswa.

Ungazikhulisa kanjani izithombo ze-eggplant: zinakekele kahle

Ukushisa komoya

Indima ebalulekile idlalwa umbuso ofanele wokushisa.

Kusukela esikhathini sokuhlwanyelwa ukubonakala kwezithombo, gcina izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-22-28 ° C.

Esontweni lokuqala ngemuva kokuqubuka, gcina okushisa kosuku losuku ku-14-16 ° C, ubusuku - 8-10 ° C. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze amahlumela angatambanuli. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe ngu-18-20 ° C phakathi nosuku, no-15-17 ° C ebusuku. Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okufika kuma-26-27 ° C kuvunyelwe.

Isibani

Ukukhanyisa kudinga okugqamile, okufakazayo. Emavikini okuqala ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ngaphezu kwalokho zikhanyisela cishe amahora ayi-10 ngosuku. Isimo sezulu esinamafu, yandisa isikhathi ngamahora angu-1-2.

Ungaphuzisa kanjani

Amanzi kancane nsuku zonke. Amanzi kufanele afudumele (20-22 ° C), ancibilikiswe (imvula, ancibilike noma athulule amanzi, ame okungenani usuku). Faka isicelo semikhiqizo ye-antifungal yemvelo kabili ngenyanga ngokunisela. Kubantu, ayinangozi ngokuphelele, futhi izithombo zivikelekile ezifweni. Ukugwema ukubola kwezimpande, gxilisa inhlabathi ngesihlabathi esomile.

Transshipment

Transshipment of isitshalo seqanda izithombo isithombe

Lapho izithombo zikhuphuka namaseli wamakhasethi esondela kuhlelo lwezimpande, faka izithombo zezitshalo ezingamaqanda zibe ngamabhodwe amakhulu ngo-1-2 cm wokujula kwentamo yezimpande.

Ungondla kanjani

Izithombo kufanele zondliwe. Faka okokugqoka kokuqala esiteji lapho kusungulwa amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2-3, owesibili - ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5-2. Thela isisombululo sezakhi zomzimba ngaphansi kwempande. Kunezinketho ezi-2 (inani nge-10 l lamanzi): chaza i-30-35 g ye-nitrophosphate noma ingxube equkethe ama-30 g we-superphosphate no-5-10 g we-urea. Izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokufakelwa komhlaba ovulekile, ukondla ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezimbiwa.

Ukukhetha izithombo zeqanda

Khetha izitshalo zamaqanda zezithombe zezithombo

Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kweqanda okwenzelwe izithombo kwenziwa emabhokisini esihlahla ngaphandle kokubheka ibanga elanele phakathi kwezithombo, kubalulekile ukuthi ukha izithombo zeqanda. Dive izithombo esiteji sokubonakala kwamaqabunga ayi-2-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, iminyaka yezithombo icishe ibe izinyanga ezi-1-1,5.

Ngaphambi kokukhetha, nisela izithombo kahle ukuze amahlumela kube lula ukuzikhipha.
Umthamo wethangi elisha kufanele okungenani ube lilitha elilodwa - izithombo zidinga ukukhula kahle ezimweni zekamelo cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5.
Bumba ngesitshalo ngesinaphi ngemfoloko noma ngesipuni, ubambe amaqabunga ukuze ungaphuli isiqu esibuthakathaka.
Uma impande enkulu yinde kakhulu, ifushanise ngo-¼, uhlelo lwempande luzolulama ngokushesha.
Yenza izimbobo zangaphambi kwezindebe ukwenza kube lula ukujula izitshalo ngezimpande.
Ungavumeli impande ukuthi igobe phezulu - ukukhula kwezitshalo kulokhu kungavinjelwa kakhulu.
Esitsheni esitsha, tshala ujule kancane kunezithombo ezikhule ngaphambili, ngeminwe yakho, cindezela inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu.
Ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3, hlinzeka ngemibandela yokuzivumelanisa: gcina izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphakathi kuka-18-20 ° C, vikela elangeni eliqondile.

Ungangena shí izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda sibheka ividiyo:

Ungazilungiselela kanjani izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda zokutshala emhlabathini

Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa enhlabathini evulekile, fundisa izithombo ezimweni zokukhula okuzayo. Yehlisa imvamisa yokunisela, yehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya (okokuqala gcina izithombo zipholile amahora angama-2-3, bese ukhulisa lesi sikhathi).

Ngabe izithombo ezinhle ze-isitshalo seqanda kufanele zibonakale kanjani?

Izithombo zezithombo zeqanda ezikulungele ukutshala isithombe

Uhlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle, isiqu esiqondile, ukuphakama kwezitshalo - 16-25 cm, amaqabunga ama-7-9 wombala oluhlaza okotshani, ama-buds ayi-1-3.