Sour Oxalis

Uhlobo lwe-Oxalis (i-Oxalis L.) lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-800 zezitshalo zomndeni wama-acid, ezikhula eNingizimu Afrika, ENingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, kanti yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezingatholakali njalo eCentral Europe.

Igama lesiLatini lohlobo libonisa ukunambitheka okumuncu kwesitshalo (i-lat. I-Oxys - "omuncu").

I-Oxalis, i-oxalis (lat.Óxalis) - uhlobo lwotshani bonyaka, obuvame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kwesinye isikhathi izihlahlana zomndeni wakwa-Oxalidaceae.

Lezi izitshalo zonyaka nezaphakade, ezinye zazo ezakha ama-tubers. Amaqabunga awo angama-ternate noma i-pinnate, petiolate; izimbali ezijwayelekile, eziqukethe amacembe amahlanu. Isici esimangazayo salomuncu yimithambo yaso ebomvu epinki emaphayini kanye “namaqhuma” ezinhlamvu, okuthi lapho sesivuthiwe, zikwazi ukudubula ngembewu encane ebomvu. Imbewu ngokwayo ingakwazi "ukugxuma" ngokweqiniso ohlangothini, uma uphefumula ngokucophelela kubo. Iqiniso ngukuthi lapho umswakama uguquka, igobolondo lazo liyaqhuma, lishintshe ukwakheka okumangalisayo. Enye into ethokozisayo: ngokuqala kobusuku, esimweni sezulu esibi, ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, ngokucasulwa kwemishini, izimbali zazo zivala kancane, bese amaqabunga ewa futhi awa. Ukunyakaza ngaphansi kwethonya lalezo zinto kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ekucindezelweni kwangaphakathi (i-turgor) kumaseli amaqabunga kanye nophondo.

Izici

Izimbali: isitshalo kungenzeka noma siqhume, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane.

Ukuphakama: ukukhula okumuncu kushesha impela.

Ukukhanya: kukhanye okusakazekile. Ehlobo, kusuka emisebeni yasemini kufanele kube nomthunzi (kusuka emahoreni ayi-11 kuye kwangama-17).

Ukushisa: ngokulingana esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo (20-25 ° C). Esikhathini sesikhathi sekwindla nobusika, izinhlobo eziningi zinenkathi yokushisa, izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-12 liye ku-18 ° С.

Ukunisela: entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, okuchichimayo, njengoba ungqimba ongenhla womahluko ongaphansi komhlaba. Kusukela ekwindla, ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe, kuniselwa ngokulinganisela.

Umswakama womoya: isitshalo sithanda ukufafaza njalo, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika - ngaphandle kokufafaza.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu: kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti ngamanyolo anezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zezitshalo zangaphakathi. Ukondla kwenziwa ngemuva kwamaviki amabili ukuya amathathu.

Isikhathi sokuphumula: zihlukile ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zamahlamvu obusika bokulahla ubusika.

Ukufakelwa: njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo ingxube yomhlabathi okhanyayo.

Ukuzala: imbewu, amaqhubu, ukusika.

Izinhlobo lapho ingxenye yomoya ingafi ebusika igcinwa egumbini elipholile, elinokhanyayo kahle (16-18 ° C) futhi iniselwe ngokulinganayo, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kokomiswa kwengqimba ephezulu yesigcawu esingaphansi, ngenani elincane lamanzi.

Ezinhlotsheni lapho i-aree part ifa khona phakathi nenkathi ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswa izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokushisa (ngo-Okthoba noma ngoDisemba, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane). Amaqhubu ahlala emhlabathini, angagcinwa endaweni engaphansi kwegumbi elipholile nelikhanyiswe kahle (12-14 ° C). Isendlalelo kufanele sigcinwe esimweni esimanzi ngokulinganayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokomisa ukoma lodaka. Lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala, isitshalo sidluliselwa kancane kancane siye egumbini elifudumele. Izimbali zenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40.

Ukunakekelwa

I-oksijini ikhetha ukukhanya okugqamile. Okungcono ukubekwa kwayo ewindini nge-oriental oriental. Uma ubekwa emafasiteleni anokhomba waseningizimu, kuyadingeka ukuthi umthunzi noma udale ukukhanya okungahambi kahle kusuka emahoreni ayi-11 kuya kwangu-17 ngendwangu noma ngephepha (ngokwesibonelo, i-gauze, i-tulle). Uma zifakwa emafasiteleni nasemakhodini ngamatshe asendaweni entshonalanga, zibuye zikhanyise ukukhanya.

Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, kubalulekile futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okuhle.

Isitshalo esitholiwe kufanele sjwayele kancane kancane ekukhanyiseni okukhulu. Uma ngesikhathi sasebusika inani lezinsuku elangeni lalilincane, khona-ke entwasahlobo, ngokunyuka kokukhanya kwelanga, isitshalo kufanele futhi sijwayele kancane kancane ekukhanyiseni okukhulu.

Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, i-acidic ikhetha ukushisa komoya okulinganiselwe ku-20-25 ° C. Ebusika, i-acid emuncu iba nesikhathi sokuphumula, izitshalo ziqukethe kusuka ku-12-18 ° C ngokuya ngezinhlobo.
Ebusika, i-Ortgis acid idinga u-16-18 ° C.

Kwi-Deppey acidity, ngesikhathi sokulala (ngo-December-Januwari), ukuthambisa kuyamiswa bese lesi sitshalo sigcinwa endaweni epholile, eyomile (12-14 ° C). Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela okuqala aqale ukubonakala, atshalwa abe yingxube entsha yobumba, ukuchelela kuqale kabusha bese kudluliselwa kancane kancane kwigumbi elifudumele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40, ukuqhakaza kuyaqala.

Kwi-rose acid, isikhathi sokuphumula senziwa ngo-Okthoba-Novemba - izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya ku-40 zigcinwa egumbini elipholile, elikhanyayo elinokushisa kwe-12-14 ° C kuze kube kuvela amahlumela amasha, ngemuva kwalokho adluliselwe egumbini eliqhakazile lokushisa kwekamelo.

Ukunisela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ngobuningi, njengobubanzi obuphezulu bomahluko ongaphansi komhlaba. Kusukela ekwindla, ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe.

I-Ortgis omuncu ayivamile ukuniselwa ebusika, ivikele inhlabathi ukuthi ingomi ngokuphelele. Ama-nodule we-Deppei's acid angagcinwa endaweni engaphansi kwegumbi elipholile, ngakho-ke angakwazi ukuniselwa izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ngaphambi kokuhlala.

Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukufafaza njalo, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika - ngaphandle kokufafaza.

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, i-acid ipha umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zangaphakathi. Ukondla kwenziwa ngemuva kwamaviki amabili ukuya amathathu.

Kudluliselwa unyaka nonyaka entwasahlobo kube yingxube yomhlabathi okhanyayo, oqukethe ingxenye 1 yomhlaba we-turf, ingxenye eyi-1 yeqabunga, izingxenye ezi-2 ze-peat, ingxenye eyi-humus nengxenye eyi-1 yesihlabathi. Ingxube yenhlabathi yokufakelwa kwezitshalo nayo ingaqukatha izingxenye ezimbili zamaqabunga, izingxenye ezi-2 zefudu, ingxenye eyi-1 yomhlaba wengelwayo ngokufakwa kwengxenye eyodwa kwesihlabathi. Ingxube yezitshalo ezinqumayo kufanelekile.

Ukukhula okuhle kwesitshalo kunomthelela ekudonselweni kobumba olwandisiwe noma kugrabile ocolekile ongezansi kwesitsha lapho omuncu.

Ukuzala

Isitshalo sisakazeka kalula ngembewu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ama-rosette amaqabunga kuphela namahlumela angaphansi komhlaba akhiwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, futhi ngonyaka wesibili, ukwakheka kwamakhethini kuyaqala, ama-rosette amasha akhula kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga amahlumela angenhla.

Kusatshalaliswe ngempumelelo ngamaqhubu.. NgoFebhuwari-Mashi, izihlwayi zeDeppei omuncu zitshalwa izingcezu ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10 embizeni eyodwa, zilala phezulu ngenhla yomhlaba ongamasentimitha. Ukwakheka komhlaba: i-turf (izingxenye ezi-2), iqabunga (ingxenye eyi-1), isihlabathi (1 ingxenye). Ngaphambi kokubunjelwa kwezimpande ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa apholile (cishe ama-5-10 ° C), hhayi oniselwa kakhulu. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, izinga lokushisa selikhulisiwe.

Ngokuyinhloko, ama-nodle ama-sorrel angatshalwa ezimbizeni nasemibhedeni yezimbali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Amaqhuqhuva ama-Deppea acidic angatshalwa maphakathi - ukuphela kuka-Okthoba futhi athole izitshalo ezinamahlamvu ngonyaka omusha. Watshala izingcezu eziningana ezimbizeni eziyisentimitha ezi-7, enhlanganisweni yomquba, inhlabathi eshidi nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezimpande, amabhodwe asethelwe endaweni epholile (5-10 ° C), kuthi lapho umila, adluliselwe ekushiseni.

Lapho ubala isikhathi sezimbali, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umjikelezo ophelele wokuthuthuka kusuka esikhathini sokutshala kwe-nodule kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-40. Ngakho-ke, uDeppei omuncu, ovame ukuvuthwa njengesihlahla sendlu, ngemuva kokufakelwa entwasahlobo ungaqhakaza lonke ihlobo kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile.

Inani lama-oksidi omuncu asatshalaliswa hhayi ngamaqhubu kuphela, kepha nangokusika (ngokwesibonelo, i-Ortgis acid ne-hedizariidae), egxile esihlabathini ekushiseni kwama-25 ° C ngezinsuku ezingama-18-20. Izitshalo zitshalwe kwinhlanganisela ye-turf, iqabunga, inhlabathi ye-humus nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1: 1).

Umthunzi kusuka elangeni eliqondile.

Ubunzima obungahle bube khona

Ngokuchelela isikhathi eside ngokweqile, izimpande namaqabunga zingabola, lesi sitshalo sigula nge-grey bola noma nge-fusarium.

Uma kwenzeka ukukhanya kwelanga okukhulu kwemini, ukushiswa kwamaqabunga kungenzeka.

Ukulimala: i-mealybug, i-spider mite, izinambuzane ezikala, ama-whiteflies, ama-aphid.

Izinhlobo

I-Oxalis ayimpofu (i-Oxalis inops Ecklon et Zeyh.). Isigama: Okucindezelwe omuncu (i-Oxalis depressa Ecklon et Zeyh.). Le asidi enzima engabekezeleleki ivela eNingizimu Afrika. Isitshalo se-perennial, simelana nokuqandelwa yiqhwa impela. Ukusuka emaqhugwaneni amancane, amaqabunga e-ternate akhula emithini, bese kuba nezimbali ezinkulu eziphinki ezimnyama ezinombala ophuzi. Iqhakaza ngo-Agasti nango-Okthoba, itshalwe kangcono endaweni enelanga. Kusakazeka kalula ngamaqhubu amancane. Ikhule kakhulu emhlabathini ovulekile.

I-Koussica Bouvy (i-Oxalis Bowiei Herb. = I-Oxalis Bowieana Lodd.) I-sorrel ethambile ne-thermophilic acid eluhlaza okotshani obukhanyayo, onamaqabunga anesikhumba atholakala amahlumela angama-20-25 cm ubude. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi. Ama-petals apinki omnyama. Kufanelekile ukulinyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile nakwezimbali zezimbali zasendlini.

I-Volcanic acid (i-Oxalis vulcanicola Klee). Izwe lakubo liyamithambeka yezintaba-mlilo zaseCentral America, lapho likhula khona cishe ngamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Kutshalwe emabhodweni noma kubhasikidi wokulengiswa, kwakha inqwaba yezimbali ezincane eziphuzi. Amahlumela awo anamaqabunga aluhlaza, aqabile kancane akhula ngendlela yejekethi eminyene. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuphakama okuphelele kwesihlahla kungama-15 cm kuphela, sikhula ngokuqinile ngobubanzi futhi sithatha indawo enkulu. Ogqumeni begquma, i-sorrel ithatha yonke indawo yamahhala, izungeze amatshe, yakha ukhaphethi oluhlaza oqhubekayo engadini yezimbali, bese kubhasikidi olengayo noma esitsheni iziqu zalo zidonsa kahle izinhlangothi zemikhumbi kusuka ngaphandle.

Enye yama-acid ajwayelekile, alungele ukutshala konke emhlabathini ovulekile nakwezimbali zasendlini.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlobisa, isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zeZinfandel - ngezimbali eziphuzi ezinemibala emihlanu.

I-Giant sour (i-Oxalis gigantea Barneoud) . Ezasekhaya - eChile. Okungenhla kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2. Ukuphunyuka okuqondile namagatsha aqeshwayo. Amaqabunga e-ooblem amathathu asontathu ubude. Izimbali eziphuzi 2cm ubude. Kufanelekile ukulinyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile nakwezimbali zezimbali zasendlini.

Ama-Leaf Oxalis ayisishiyagalolunye (i-Oxalis enneaphylla Cav.). Isitshalo sangemuva esidala esingama-5-10 cm ubude, sakha ama-clumps anesilinganiso esingamasentimitha ayi-15. Kuvela ekuhlolweni kwesithwathwa sikhula siba ngamaqabunga aluhlaza angamabala aluhlaza angamabala angama-9- 20, kanti ngoMeyi-Juni - izimbali ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana. Lesi sitshalo sidinga inhlabathi ene-acid, egcwele humus, amanzi amnandi, indawo enelanga nendawo yokuhlala yasebusika.

Izinhlobonhlobo zeLady Elizabeth - ezinezimbali ezintekenteke ezimfusa-ezimibalabala ezakhiwe zisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo enotshani ophuzi.

I-'Minutifolia' ikhophi elincane le-acidization yamaqabunga ayisishiyagalolunye, eqhakaza ngoMeyi noJuni.

Oxalis deppei Lodd. Ezasekhaya - Mexico. Umuthi ongapheli 25-25 cm ubude, wenza nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezidliwayo ngaphansi komhlaba. Amaqabunga anobuhlakani obumbeke ngenhliziyo, abhalwe nge-apex, ubude obuyi-3-4 cm, luhlaza ngaphezulu, ngephethini e-brown-brown, luhlaza ngezansi. Izimbali ziqoqwa izambulela ezingama-5-10, kuze kube ngu-2 cm ubude, zibomvu klebhu ngesisekelo esiphuzi. Iqhakaza ngo-Agasti nango-Okthoba. Ebusika kulahlekelwa amaqabunga.
Enye yezitshalo ezaziwa kakhulu nge-acidic, ehlobisa kakhulu ukuhlobisa izimbali zasendlini.

© Aka

I-Oxalis isitshalo esihle kakhulu esinezimbali ezinhle. Ilungele ukukhula emakamelweni amahle, apholile. I-oksijini inenzuzo ebalulekile: amaqhubu angatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi abekelwe isikhathi ukuqhuma ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezihleliwe.