Ukucutshungulwa kwamazambane efanele ngaphambi kokutshala

Ubhatata yisinkwa sesibili, ngesimo esisodwa noma kwesinye sitholakala ezitsheni eziningi, kanti nama-gourmet wona ayihlonipha kakhulu futhi engeza amazambane amasha asikiwe ku-cubes amancane abe amasaladi. Kepha ukuze uthole isivuno samazambane esisezingeni eliphakeme ngempela, kuyadingeka ukukhetha kahle ama-tubers, uwalungiselele ukutshala, uwahlunge ngokufanele, bese utshala bese uqala ukunakekela amazambane. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokucubungula okufanele amazambane ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ilungiselelwe ukutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane.

Linganisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ngaphambi kokutshala

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokulungiselela nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezithombo zokutshala ukuzilinganisa bese uzihlola ngasikhathi sinye ukubola noma omunye umonakalo. Ngakho-ke, uma ishubhu amazambane laqala ukubola, khona-ke le ngxenye idinga ukusikwa futhi ishiswe, bese kufafazwa umnyombo ongenalutho, kahle ngomusi, kodwa nangomlotha wokhuni. Ezinye ziphathwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka, esibomvana se-potasium permanganate, singalashwa ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux liquid noma i-sulphate yethusi, kuvumelekile ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-Epin noma i-Zircon, bese kuvumela leyo ngxenye ukuthi isome ukwakha i-crust. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke ingxenye yamazambane ingabola enhlabathini, ikakhulukazi uma lina imvula ehlobo.

Okulandelayo ukulinganisa - nezilimo eziyizigaxa zivame ukuhlukaniswa lezo ezinamakhilogremu angaphezu kwekhulu, okuthe uma ukutshala kungcono ukusika phakathi, sezenze zonke izinqubo ezingenhla, khona-ke kukhona lezo ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-60 kuye kwangama-90, zingatshalwa ziphelele kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingaphansi kwamagremu angamashumi amane, atshalwe kahle endaweni ehlukile, futhi uma isivuno sibuthakathaka lapho, angaya kokuphakelwa kwemfuyo noma kwezinye izinhlobo zokulungiswa.

Lapho usika amazambane amakhulu, khumbula ukuthi kungcono ukungasikeli ngaphesheya, okungukuthi, ngokuhambisana, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-tuber izoba nesilinganiso esifanayo nesibalo. Ukubeka i-tuber ehlukaniswe enhlabathini, udinga ukuyigawula.

Funda futhi impahla yethu: amazambane: hlukanisa i-tuber kahle.

Ukutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ngaphambi kokutshala

Isigaba sesibili sokucutshungulwa ngaphambi kokutshala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zezithelo zezimbali zabo. Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngakho, badinga nje ukubeka phansi ungqimba olulodwa, kuthi lapho umgqomo owodwa uthola umbala omnyama oluhlaza, bese uguqula zonke izithonjana zibe omunye umgqomo wokubona kahle umhlaba. Ama-tubers anjalo aqongelela i-solanine eningi, ayinakudliwa, kepha ihluma ngokushesha futhi amahlumela, njengomthetho, anobungane futhi aqinile.

Ukuhluma nokutshala izingadi zamazambane.

Ukuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ngaphambi kokutshala

Isigaba esilandelayo ukuhluma kwamazambane. Ngomsizi omuhle, amazambane embewu alala e-bunker futhi angakhi amahlumela kuze kube manje lapho umnikazi wemba amazambane engakaqali ukuyikhulisa, futhi kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola okuphezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi yonke imfihlo ihlala ekutheni amazambane ahloselwe ukuhlwanyelwa, okungukuthi, imbewu igcinwa emgqonyeni ohlukile noma ngisho nasekamelweni elihlukile emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwamazinga amane ngaphezulu kwe-zero. Kulesi simo sokushisa, ama-tubers "alala" futhi izinqubo zokukhula azenzeki kuwo.

Imibandela yokumila yamazambane amazambane

Imvamisa, ama-tubers avunwa emigqonyeni lapho kugcinwa khona amazambane ukukhiqiza amahlumela, okungukuthi, ukumila, cishe izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini. Lesi sikhathi kwesinye isikhathi sanele ukwakha amahlumela agcwele ngokuphelele, afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha. Amahlumela angaba mancane, lokhu kuzokubambezela izithombo kancane, kepha uma zikhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni ngesikhathi sokutshala, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwezithombo kuzolibaziseka isikhathi eside, lokhu akumele kuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukushesha ukubeka amashubhu ukuthola izithombo.

Izimo zokuqothula amazambane tuber

Ukuze ama-tubers aqhume ngokushesha, kufanele abekwe endaweni ekhanyiswe yilanga futhi agcinwe isonto phansi embozwe nge-burlap ngamadigri ayi-19-21 ngenhla kwe-zero. Lapho nje kuvela amahlumela, amazambane kumele adluliselwe ngokucophelela endaweni epholile lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphakathi kwama-degree angu-11-14 ngaphezu kwe-zero. Kukulezi zimo lapho umuntu kufanele alinde ukuvela kwamahlumela.

Kuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlumela amazambane ezikhungweni ezijwayelekile zokhuni - lokhu kwenziwa lapho ingekho indawo yokufafaza amazambane ngesendlalelo noma. Izimo lokushisa ziyafana, ukubheka kuphela ubude bezithombo kuleli cala kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma amazambane abiza izithombo aqhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi?

Kwenzeka ukuthi umlimi avule ukhiye, namazambane embewu aqhamukile, futhi ngaphambi kokutshala kusesenesikhathi esiningi, yini okufanele ngiyenze? Kunezinketho ezintathu - kungaba ukweqa zonke izihlumela bese ulinda izithombo ngemuva kokutshala (kuphela ngosuku lwamuva), noma unqume zonke izihlumela ukuze izingxenye zazo zibe lisentimitha elilodwa, bese ufafaza izeluleko zezilayisi ngensipho yezinkuni, noma uthenge imbewu entsha ngoba unethemba lokuthola isivuno sekhwalithi esinama-tubers anjalo kuzoba ngaphansi kunaleso esivamile. Ungatshala amazambane ahlume "njengoba enjalo" bese ulindela ukuthi kwenzekani.

Icubungula nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane ngaphambi kokutshala

Lapho ama-tubers ekhethiwe, alinganiswa, adinga ukusikwa, okugxilwe ku-rot kususwa, aphenduka aluhlaza elangeni futhi anikeze amahlumela cishe amasentimitha ubude, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala isigaba sokugcina, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu sokuhlwanyela - ukwelapha ama-tubers ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.

Icubungula nezilimo eziyizigaxa kusuka ku-wireworm ne-Colorado amazambane beetle

I-wireworm ne-Colorado potato beetle zibangela ukulimala okungenakulungiswa ku-potato, lezi zinambuzane ezimbili zingasibhubhisa ngokuphelele isivuno, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwama-tubers ngokumelene ne-wireworm ne-Colorado amazambane beetle kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngokulwa nalezi zinambuzane, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinambuzane ezivunyelwe esikhathini samanje bese ulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo, ngaphandle kokweqa imithamo futhi usebenza ngezingubo zokuzivikela - ingubo yokugqoka, ingubo yokuphefumula kanye namagilavu ​​enjoloba avikela isikhathi eside.

Ngokubhekelwa amabhungane ama-wireworm kanye namabhungane amazambane aseColorado, ama-tubers amazambane angalashwa ngezidakamizwa ezifana neTabu nePrestige; le mithi iyakwazi ukuvikela ama-tubers kanye nezithombo kusuka kuma-wireworms kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula.

Ngokuqondene nebhungane lamazambane leColorado, umuthi kaTabu uvame ukuvikela izitshalo inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zamazambane ngaphezulu komhlaba. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukuhluma ngangokunokwenzeka futhi sikwazi ukumelana nokuzimela kwebhhungane lamazambane leColorado.

Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ungalapha kabusha amazambane lesi sidakamizwa, usilayishe ngokuhambisana nemiyalo esephaketheni. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzicubungule zombili izitshalo ngokwazo nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwazo. Khumbula ukuthi ikhambi lokwelapha nezilimo eziyizigaxa nokwelapha izitshalo ligcinwa ngosuku kuphela. Imvamisa, abalimi bezala eyodwa igramu yesidakamizwa ebhakedeni lamanzi, le mali yanele ukuhlakulela izingxenye eziyikhulu zomhlaba ngezitshalo ezitshaliwe.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane zingalashwa ngamalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kokutshala, okungukuthi, zinempahla yokubulala izinambuzane nokunye okubangelwa yisikhunta, ngokwesibonelo, ubukhazikhazi bunalomphumela. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvame ukuxutshwa 1 kuya ku-20 kufafazwe ngamazambane kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kusuka kwibhodlela lokufafaza. Isixazululo esivela kwiphakeji elilodwa sanele ukucubungula amakhilogremu ayishumi amazambane noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, musa ukutshala amazambane ngokushesha, kudingeka zivunyelwe ukuthi zome amahora ambalwa, bese zingatshalwa emhlabathini.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iPrestige ivikela ama-tubers nengxenye yezitshalo zesitshalo samazambane kusuka ku-thrips, izimbungulu ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi, i-wireworms, izimpukane zamaqabunga, kanye ne-sawflies, futhi zilwa nezifo ezinjengokugoba, ukubola kanye ne-powdery hlobo.

Kulabo abangemukeli ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, singakucebisa ukuthi uzame ukutshala amazambane, isinaphi kanye nanoma yiziphi izinsalela emingceleni yendawo. Lokhu kungonga amazambane kuzo zombili izinambuzane.

Ukwelashwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa okuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela blight sekwephuzile

I-Phytophthora yisishayo sezilimo eziseduze, ngakho-ke nezilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zivikelwe kuzo lapho zitshala. Ama-fungicides ahlukahlukene kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-phytophthora, kepha futhi asebenzisa izinto eziphephile - njenge-Epin, iPoteytin, iBioglobin nokunye. Izinto ezinjalo zibizwa nangokuthi ama-adaptogenic agents, okungukuthi, ukuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba wamazambane asezingeni lama-tubers.

U-Epin uvame ukuphathwa ngamazambane cishe amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini. Ama-ampoules we-millilita eyanele ukucubungula cishe ama-tubers angama-50. I-Poteytin yezidakamizwa - zivunyelwe ukucubungula nezilimo eziyizigaxa amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokutshala. I-Bioglobin - ayicubunguli nezilimo eziyizigaxa, imvamisa ifakwe kuyo imizuzu engaba ngu-30. Kuvunyelwe futhi ukuvusa amazambane abalele ne-bioglobin futhi uwafake ngokujulile ngokuwathela ihora elilodwa.

Ukwelashwa ngeFitosporin. Ungesabi igama, i-Fitosporin ingumkhiqizo webhayoloji, isebenza kakhulu ekulweni nezifo zokukhunta futhi ingavimba nokukhula kokutheleleka ngegciwane. I-Phytosporin ingavikela ama-tubers amazambane ngemuva kokungena emhlabathini kusuka kugqabha, ukubola, nengxenye ye-aree kusuka ku-powdery hlobo kanye nokulimala sekwephuzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi iFitosporin, zifaka isandla ekwandeni kwesitshalo ekucindezelekeni.

Kuvunyelwe ukufafaza ama-tubers nge-phytosporin ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela abonakale enza kusebenze ukuhluma kwawo, nangaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, cishe amahora ayi-1.5-2,5. Ungangena ukucwilisa ama-tubers kusisombululo se-Fitosporin. Imvamisa iFitosporin ithengiswa ezikhwameni, ngakho-ke isigamu sepakethe sivame ukuncibilika kwilitha lamanzi bese kuthi ama-30-5 tubers afafazwe ngaleli nani.

Nawa wonke amasu okufanele ukwazi nokuwenza ngaphambi kokutshala ama-tubers amazambane emhlabathini, azokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esiphakeme kunazo zonke zalesi sitshalo.