Imifino iyinkathi empilweni yesitshalo, ebonakala ngomsebenzi wayo omkhulu kunayo yonke. Musa ukudida lo mqondo nenkathi yokukhula. Elesibili lisho isikhathi esiphakathi kokutshala isivuno nokuvuthwa nokuvuna.
Ama-botanists ahlukanisa izinkathi eziningana ezitshalweni:
- Imifino;
- Ukuthula;
- Ukulungiselela ubusika;
- Ilungiselela isikhathi sokukhula.
Imifino ihlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezimweni zezulu, imvamisa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi isitshalo siyaphila, sikhule, sande. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nokwanda kwamahora okukhanya kosuku okwenza ukuba ukhule ngamandla.
Imifino incike kusiko elikhulayo lendawo, izimo zezulu. Uma ukubanda okubandayo kungavumeli izitshalo ukuba zikhule isikhathi eside, khona-ke eningizimu isikhathi sezitshalo zinde, okukhuphula umkhiqizo wazo. Lokhu kuthinta amathuba wokutshala izilimo zezithelo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abanye izitshalo zasengadini zingakhiqiza isivuno esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ezinye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azikwazi ukuthela izithelo ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi.
Injani inkathi yokukhula
Ukuqala kwenkathi kubonakaliswa ukukhula okusebenzayo. Ama-Buds avela ezitshalweni, futhi inqubo yokugeleza kwe-sap iqala ezihlahleni. Ihlumela likhula kusuka ezinso, kwakhiwa iqabunga kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-buds wezimbali akha ama-axils amaqabunga.
Ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezahlukahlukene, isikhathi sokwakheka kwama-efiji sizokwehluka. Ezithelweni zamatshe, kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2,5 kuye kwezintathu, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, izihlahla zama-apula, le nqubo yinde. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ihlumela elivelayo lizovela kuphela emva konyaka. Ukuqhakaza akukhona ngasikhathi sinye futhi kuthatha izinsuku eziningana. Lokhu kuyadingeka kulesi sitshalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathuba okuzala.
Izitshalo zisebenzisa umsoco onqwabelene ngonyaka owedlule. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukukhula kuncipha, izithelo zivuthwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-perennials aqala ukuqongelela ukunikezwa kwezakhi zomzimba ezizodinga unyaka olandelayo.
Ukuphela kwesikhathi sokukhula kuyamangaza, izihlahla kanye nezihlahla ziqala ukulungiselela ubusika, zidonsa amaqabunga.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sisebusika. Igcina amandla ayo ngenxa yalokho okuqoqwe ngesikhathi sokukhula. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, lokhu kunikezwa kuvame ukuphelelwa amandla.
Uma amathanga kwenzeka ebusika, isitshalo singavuka sisebenze. Lokhu kungabonakala edolobheni laphongesimo sezulu esishisayo esingajwayelekile ngoDisemba noma uJanuwari, utshani bungaphenduka luhlaza otshanini. Amandla amakhulu wezihlahla nezihlahla ziya kulokhu kukhula, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzondla ekwindla, ukuze izakhi zomzimba zanele kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo ilahlekelwa umswakama ebusika. Uma ubusika bebunomoya, bungafa. Ukugwema lezi zinkinga, kufanele ukuthi ziniselwe ekwindla ukuze kube nomswakama owanele.
Izibonelo zezimila zezilimo engadini ngayinye
Ezithelweni ezahlukahlukene zezithelo nezithelo zombhila, inkathi yokukhula yehluke kakhulu kangangokuba kuthinta isikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Lokhu kungabonakala ezibonelweni ezimbalwa:
- Utamatisi
- Ukhukhamba
- I-Gooseberry;
- I-Currant;
- Isihlahla se-apula.
Kumatamatisi namakhukhamba, isikhathi sokukhula sincike ezinhlobonhlobo. Utamatisi wokuvuthwa ukhula ngentshiseko futhi ukhula kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezingama-75. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinhlotsheni ezifika sekwephuzile zamatamatisi, le nkathi ingafinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-130. Isimo esifanayo sinamakhukhamba - ukhukhamba wakuqala uphila izinsuku ezingama-95-100, futhi kamuva zihluka kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-115.
Ama-Gooseberry aqala ukuhluma kwawo kusenesikhathi, ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu waba nezimbali. Lokhu kwenzeka maphakathi noMeyi.. Isimo esifanayo sinjalo nangabahlanguli. Ama-buds akhe avele aqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 efihlekile sezivele zibonakala, yize kungekho makhasi kuze kube manje.
Ezihlahleni zama-apula, imifino iqala lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukuba ngama-5 degrees ngaphezu kwe-zero. Emabangeni ayi-10, ihlumela livuleke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithelo zimaqhakaza eziqhakaza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili kunezimbali ezinamaqabunga. Ekushiseni okungama-degree angama-15- 20 ngaphezulu kwe-zero, amahlumela avuthwa. Izimbali uqobo zihlala izinsuku eziyi-10.
Ukulawulwa kwezimila zezitshalo
Ezihlahleni, izihlahlana nezinye izitshalo zezithelo kunikeze isivuno esihle, kuyadingeka ukulawula izimila zazo. Le nkathi ingahle isheshiswe noma yehliswe ijubane, kuya ngokuthi isiphi isitshalo nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela edingekayo.
Ukuze utamatisi namakhukhamba athole isivuno esihle, kungcono ukwehlisa ijubane umsebenzi wawo kuqala. Ezithelweni zezimpande, kunalokho, kungcono ukubambezisa izimbaliukuze ungonakalisi ukunambitheka kwemifino. Ukufaka umanyolo, ukufaka umanyolo nokunisela ngezindlela ezinhle kakhulu kuthinta imifino yezitshalo.
I-nitrogen, umanyolo we-organic kufaneleke kakhulu ukufakwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo ukunikeza umsoco odingekayo esihlahleni noma esihlahleni. Lokhu kuzokhuphula kakhulu izithelo bese kuqinisekisa isivuno esihle. Ekwindla, kungcono ukungondli isitshalo nge-nitrogen, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Izikhathi zasehlobo ezishisayo zingathikameza ukukhula kwezilimo zezimbali, ngakho-ke zidinga ukuniselwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukufakwa ngokweqile komswakama nakho kungadala inkathazo enkulu, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Iyini inkathi yezitshalo ezitshalweni? Kuyinto ukufaka izithako ezilinganayo. Isitshalo kufanele siziqongelele ubusika, hhayi ukusichitha ekukhuleni okungenamsebenzi. Ukhula noma ezinye izitshalo ezikhula eduze kwesihlahla zingasiza ukususa umswakama ovela ezimpandeni zesihlahla noma esihlahleni.
Izinyathelo ezilula kakhulu ze-agrotechnical zizosiza ukukhulisa izinzuzo zezitshalo zezitshalo futhi zandise impilo yazo.
