U-raspberry ungenye yamasiko athandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu. Ukungathobeki kwenhlabathi, ukulungiswa okulula kanye nesidingo esikhulu kudonsela ukunakekela kosomabhizinisi ekutshalweni kwabo. Ukukhula raspberries njengebhizinisi akusizi kuphela ngokuya ngokuthengisa amajikijolo, kodwa futhi nangokwemali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni kwezithombo ezingama-raspberry.
Ungaqala kanjani ibhizinisi le-raspberry - ukukhetha isiza nezinhlobonhlobo
I-raspberry isitshalo esithanda umswakama nelanga, futhi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho kukhethwa indawo yokukhula. Uhlobo lomhlabathi aludingi kangako, ngoba ama-raspberries akhula ngisho nasehlathini. Kepha ochwepheshe babheka inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yesihlabathi, enezelwe nge-mulch ene-pH yezinga le-pH engekho ngaphezulu kwe-5.8-6.2. Ubukhulu besakhiwo buncike ngosayizi obuhleliwe webhizinisi le-raspberry.
Isinyathelo sesibili ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: iminyaka emibili nokunakekelwa. Owokuqala uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili, owesibili - owokuqala, futhi isivuno sivuthwa amahlandla ama-2 - ehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala.
Lapho kubalwa imali yokuqala imali, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithombo ze-remont raspberries zibiza kakhulu kuneminyaka emibili.
Ama-raspberries aneminyaka emibili ubudala - amajikijolo amnandi futhi anamakha, kepha avame ukubanda ebusika.
Izinhlobo zokulungisa kabusha ziyamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi nezinambuzane. Okubi kohlobo lokulungisa kufaka ukunambitheka okuphansi futhi iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esibi isitshalo sekwindla asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Izinhlobo ezithembisa kakhulu zasehlobo zebhizinisi le-raspberry yilezi:
- Lashka;
- I-Octavia
- I-Zyugan.
Lashka - Uhlobo lokuqala lwasePoland. Amajikijolo amnandi, aqine, ayindilinga kuze kube ngu-4 cm ubude futhi anesisindo esingu-5-10 g, abekezelela kahle izinto zokuhamba. Izitshalo ezilwa nesithwathwa (kufika ku-30mayelanaC) nokukhiqiza okuphezulu (kuze kufike kumathani angama-20 ngehektha).
Ubunzima: emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, izinso zilimele futhi isivikelo ezifweni siyadingeka ngenkathi yokukhula.
I-Octavia Kubhekwa njengokuhlukahluka okuthembisayo kakhulu ngezithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu eziyindilinga (isisindo esingu-6-8 g). Amajikijolo aminyene, ngakho-ke agcinwa ezihlahleni ngisho nangemva kwezikhathi zesikhathi semvula. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu (kuze kufike kumathani angama-24 ngehektha). Izitshalo ziyamelana nezifo, kepha kunzima ukuzalanisa.
I-Zyugan - ahlukahlukene alethwe eSwitzerland. Amajikijolo ane ukunambitheka okuhle (okumnandi futhi okunosawoti), akakubekezelela kahle ukuthutha, kugcinwe kuze kufike izinsuku eziyi-7 emazingeni okushisa ka -5 - +3mayelanaC. Isisindo samajikijolo yi-4-12 g, amahlumela cishe awadingi i-trellis, akhuthazelele ukuntuleka komswakama, athela izithelo ngonyaka wokuqala ngokunakekelwa okuhle. Okuwukuphela kwento esidonsayo ebukhali.
Izinhlobo ezi-3 zokulungisa nazo zilungele ibhizinisi:
- Ishelf - uvuthwe ekwindla, amajikijolo anesisindo esingu-4-8 g ngephunga elihle nokunambitheka, isivuno sifinyelela kumathani ayi-10 ngehektha ngalinye, siphindaphindeka kahle nezimpande, i-trellis ayidingeki;
- UJoan G - omkhulu (kuze kufike ku-6 g), amajikijolo alukhuni, amnyama, athela amathani ayi-16 - 19 ngehektha ngalinye;
- I-Himbo Top - lo berry ufinyelela isisindo esingu-10 g, umnyama ngombala, umnandi, uqine, lesi sitshalo sidinga i-garter, emelana nezifo, izithombo zinezimpande kahle.
Uhlelo lwebhizinisi lokukhula raspberry
Uhlelo lwebhizinisi kumele lube nezingxenye ezilandelayo:
- izinhloso eziphambili zebhizinisi;
- inhlangano yenqubo yokukhiqiza;
- izimo ngesikhathi sokuqala ibhizinisi (indawo nezinye izici zesiza, isidingo sabasebenzi);
- ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo nabaqhudelana;
- izinkomba zezimali;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezimakethe ezingaba khona zokuthengisa;
- uhlelo lokukhuthaza ukuthengisa;
- ukukhangisa.
Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu isigaba esithi "Ukusebenza kwezezimali" kanye nesigaba "Inhlangano yenqubo yokukhiqiza".
"Ukusebenza kwezezimali":
- umthamo wokutshala imali kokuqala;
- umthamo wezindleko zamanje;
- izintengo
- Imali ehleliwe evela ekuthengisweni kwama-raspberries;
- inzuzo yebhizinisi le-raspberry;
- isikhathi sokukhokha sokutshala imali kokuqala.
Inani lokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala lincike kusilinganiso esihlelwe kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-raspberry ezikhethiwe - lapho kukhula khona isakhiwo futhi kubiza kakhulu izithombo, ukutshala okuningi.
Izindleko eziqhubekayo zincike kwizinga lamaholo abasebenzi, isidingo sebanga elikhethiwe lokugqoka okuphezulu nokuvikelwa ezifweni. Amanani kufanele avuselele ukufunwa, ngakho-ke, asethwa kuphela ngemuva kokuhlaziywa ngokuphelele kwesidingo esikhona kanye namanani wokuncintisana.
Imali etholakala ebhizinisini kuma-raspberries ayixhomeki kuphela kwesidingo kanye nentengo ephakathi, kepha futhi nekhwalithi yemisebenzi yokuthengisa, isimo sezulu ngesizini ethile, nezimakethe zokuthengisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-raspberry angathengiswa hhayi kuphela kubantu, kepha futhi nakumabhizinisi akhiqiza (wokucubungula) kanye nezitolo ezibandakanya ukuthengwa ngobuningi.
Impendulo yombuzo: ingakanani imali engatholwa kuma-raspberries nayo ixhomeke ekutheni kuzothengiswa kuphela amajikijolo. Ngempela, ukuze kwandiswe imali engenayo, izithombo ezithengiswayo zingatshalwa ngokungeziwe.
Ukusuka kwizibalo, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ngezinhlobo zasehlobo, ukulinywa okusajingijolo njengenzuzo yebhizinisi kufinyelela kuma-35-36%, kanti nokutshala imali kuqala eminyakeni emi-4. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zokulungisa ke lapho bezikhulisa, inzuzo isiza ku-65%, ukutshalwa kwemali kokuqala kukhokha eminyakeni engu-3.3. Izinga lenzuzo lenyuka uma uthengisa izinqubo nokusika.
Ibhizinisi okusajingijolo - inhlangano yenqubo yokukhiqiza
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ezithengiwe, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela izimpande zazo. Akufanele babe nobukhulu obunjenge-pea obukhombisa isifo esibucayi impela - umdlavuza wezimpande webhakteriya. "I-peas" emaphethelweni ezimpande ingasikwa, ukusikeka kuphathwe ngesixazululo se-sulfate yethusi.
Batshala ama-raspberries ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ngaphambi kwama-frost okuqala ekwindla. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa li-1.5 m, phakathi kwezithombo - 50 cm, ukujula kokutshala - cm 10. Ngemuva kokutshala, inhlabathi kumele iniselwe futhi imbozwe ungqimba lwe-mulch, bese usika amahlumela aze afike ezingeni eliphansi. Uma kudingeka ama-trellises ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe, khona-ke wonke amamitha ayi-5, angu-1.5-1.8 m ubude adonswa enhlabathini bese kudonswa ucingo, lapho izitshalo zizohlanganiswa khona ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, isihlahla se-raspberry sibukeka ngokufana nalokhu:
Umsebenzi omkhulu kule nkathi ukunciphisa nokulahla ukhula.
Uma ukukhiqizwa kukhulu ngokwanele, khona-ke akusikiselwanga ukuthi kukhawulwe kuhlobo olulodwa le-raspberry. Kungcono ukuthenga okuningana nokutshala ezindaweni ezihlukile ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi kuzo evumelana nezimo ezithile.
Uma uhlela ukuthengisa izithombo, khona-ke zingatshalwa kusuka ezimpandeni noma ezinqunyweni. Ngendlela yokuqala, kubiwa imisele kuze kufike ku-50 cm ukujula, izimpande zibekwe kuzo, ziniselwe futhi zinwebe.
Ngendlela yesibili, kudingeka okusikiwe kuze kufike ku-12 cm ubude .. Basikwa ekwindla, bembozwe ungqimba lwe-Peat cm cm obukhulu futhi babekwa endaweni eluhlaza eluhlaza okotshani noma engashisiwe. Entwasahlobo, ukusika kungatshalwa emibhedeni noma ezitsheni ezincane.
Ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu, izisebenzi eziqashiwe zizodingeka esikhathini sokuvuna: phela, ama-raspberry akhethwa kuphela ngesandla.
AbaseRussia bathanda ama-raspberries, kepha akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba lokukukhulisa, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu. Ezitolo ezinkulu, vele ungathenga amajikijolo afriziwe noma acutshunguliwe, kepha akubona bonke abayithandayo. Ngakho-ke, okusajingijolo okukhula njengebhizinisi kuyathembisa impela, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlangene ukutshala ezinye izilimo.
