I-Actinidia ithola ukuthandwa ngokwengeziwe ezitolo zezingadi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa okulula kakhulu, futhi umphumela umnandi. Ukusuka esihlahleni ungaqoqa okungenani ama-20 kg wezithelo ezimnandi, kuya ngeminyaka. Yini le Ukuze ungabi yi-verbose, ake sithi enye yezinhlobo zalesi sitshalo yi-kiwi. Ngakho-ke yini okufanele inakekele isihlobo sesimangaliso ukuze sithole isivuno esikhulu?
Actinidia Kafushane
I-Actinidia ingumhlobiso womdondo wokuhlobisa nowokwelapha, unyaka ngamunye uletha isivuno esikhulu. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiChina. E-Primorsky Territory of the Far East, ungathola kaningi i-actinidia, ngesisekelo lapho izinhlobo eziningi ezinzima zobusika zakhiwe ezingakhula futhi zithele izithelo ezimweni zethu. Imvamisa, lesi sitshalo asitholakali ngesimo sesihlahla, kepha ngesimo sezithelo ezibandakanya i-kiwi.
Ngenxa yemvelo ye-actinidia ehlukahlukene, ivame ukutshala engadini ukuthola ingadi yima verandas, izindlu, arbor, pergolas, uthango, ama-trellises. Lesi sitshalo sihle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwama-buds amaningi (ekuqaleni kukaJuni). Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, izithelo ezinkulu ezinesisindo esingu-13-18 g ziyavela endaweni yazo.
Izithelo zingadliwa zintsha futhi zenziwe kubo ujamu, i-compote, i-marmalade, ama-marshmallows noma engezwe empahleni ebhakiwe. Izithelo ezomile nezomisiwe zinambitha okomisiwe.
Ukulungiselela ukufika
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-actinidia kudinga uchungechunge lokukhwabanisa, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kuncike khona. Ngenxa yokuba sengozini kohlelo lwezimpande, lezo zithombo zithengwa lapho kumbozwe khona.
I-Actinidia akufanele ishiywe ngokuphelele nohlelo lwezimpande olungenalutho ekushiseni noma komoya.
AmaSaplings kufanele athengwe aneminyaka emithathu ubudala noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube yizo zombili izinhlobonhlobo zabesilisa nabesifazane ngokwesilinganiso sika-1: 2, 5 ngokulandelana, ngoba i-actinidia iyisitshalo esijwayelekile futhi impova kungenzeka phakathi kwezitshalo zohlobo lwayo kuphela.
Ubulili besitshalo bunqunywa ngesakhiwo sezimbali ezimbali zokuqala. Isilo sowesilisa sinezimbali eziningi, kepha azinayo ipistil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zakha ama-inflorescence ama-budide ayi-6 noma ngaphezulu. Izitshalo zesilisa zibonakaliswa umbala omnyama oluhlaza ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamahlamvu, okuthi ngesikhathi sehlobo zithole umbala omhlophe nge-pubescence, bese zibomvu ngokubomvu.
Isitshalo sowesifazane sinezimbotshana zombili kanye nepistil, kepha ezokuqala azihlanganyeli ekungcoleni impova. Izimbali zithola impova ngenxa yomoya, izinyosi nezimbungulu. Ngokungafani nesitshalo sowesilisa, efihlekile azishadi. Ngokuqondene nombala wamahlamvu, izihlahla zesifazane ngasekwindla ziyashintsha ibe nsundu.
Ama-buds abekwe kuma-axils amaqabunga emagatsheni alo nyaka. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza yizinsuku eziyi-10, emva kwalokho ama-ovari akha endaweni yama-buds ezitshalweni zezinsikazi, okuvela kuzo izithelo zekhandlela eliwolintshi noma eliphuzi oluhlaza.
Ukukhetha indawo
I-Actinidia isitshalo esikhuphukayo, ngakho-ke imvamisa itshalwa odongeni lwendlu, uthango, imigwaqo nezinye izakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli lungiselelo livikela lesi sitshalo ebusika, futhi kuyaqabukela kube yiqhwa.
Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-actinidia akhetha i-penumbra "evulekile" yamahlathi acwecisiwe, ngakho-ke lapho kukhula izitshalo engadini, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhethe indawo enezimo ezifanayo futhi uvikele elangeni eliqondile.
I-Actinidia ayizithandi izindawo lapho amanzi agxadazela khona isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuwutyala ngaphansi komsele nakuwo iziqu zezihlahla.
Kufanelekile
Ukunakekela i-actinidia entwasahlobo kusho ukulingana okufanele. Isitshalo asinciphisi emhlabathini. Emvelweni wemvelo, ikhula enhlabathini enokuqukethwe okuncane kwe-phosphorus ne-nitrogen. Izinhlabathi ze-alkaline nobumba azifaneleki ngokuphelele. Okuncanyelwayo kukhona i-acidic, i-acidic kancane, kokungathathi hlangothi okubi kakhulu. Lokhu kuchaza ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo njengomanyolo. Kungcono ukutshala izitshalo entwasahlobo, kepha kungenzeka ekwindla amaviki angama-2-2 ngaphambi kwamaqandeni.
Ukutshala i-Autumn kwenziwa kuphela izitshalo zeminyaka yesi-2-3.
Ukutshala, bhala izimbobo 60 * 60 cm, ubeka kuzo amasentimitha ayi-10-15 wamanzi (amatshe amatshe, ubumba olwandisiwe, itshe elichotshoziwe). Inhlabathi enothile yengezwa emgodini ngamunye ngokuxuba u-2-3 tbsp. i-ash ash, 10 kg ye-humus ne-0.15 kg ye-superphosphate.
Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukwenza udaka noma ubulongwe!
Lapho nje umhlaba usuzinzile, baqala ukutshala izitshalo, ngemuva kokuthela ngaphambili inqwaba yomhlaba emgodini ongenawo umanyolo, lapho kubekwa khona imbewu. Phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele kube nebanga le-1.5-2,5 m. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziyaphuziswa (cishe ngamabhakede angama-2-3 ngeyunithi ngalinye), zichoboze umhlabathi ngobunono ukuze intamo yezimpande ikhuphuke nomhlaba. I-top mulch Peat, sawdust, umquba, amagxolo kaphayini.
Tshala isekela liqonde
Ngemuva kokutshala, kudingekile ngokushesha ukufaka izisekeli ze-actinidia (ozimele, ama-trellises) - ukhonkolo wamamitha amabili noma ukhuni, phakathi kwalo lapho ucingo selulelwe emigqeni engu-3-4. Hlela uhlaka lokusekelwa ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga. Izitshalo zibekwa ohlangothini lwaseningizimu, zakha ukwesekwa ngendlela ye-crest noma fan.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Actinidia
Ukushiya kufaka ukuthambisa, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukugoqeka kanye nokuthena. Ukuthambisa izitshalo kufanele kufafazwe kahle ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ukwenza inqubo ekushiseni.
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-Actinidia ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside sekulandelayo. Ukuze isitshalo singalahli amahlamvu, siniselwa njalo ngesonto ngesibalo samabhakede amanzi ayi-6 kwiyunithi ngayinye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngemuva kokulahla amahlamvu, lesi sitshalo ngeke sikhule esisha futhi sizobanda ebusika.
Benza inqubo esondeleni yokugxisha ukhula, basuse ngasikhathi sinye, kepha hhayi ngokujulile, ukuze bangalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande.
I-Actinidia ibalulekile ukuthola umanyolo, ngoba lokhu kwandisa ukumelana kwayo nesithwathwa, kuvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane futhi kusize ukukhulisa isivuno. Umbuzo wokuthi ungondla kanjani i-actinidia entwasahlobo uxazululwa ngokushesha.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umanyolo we-phosphate, i-nitrogen ne-potassium usetshenziswa kwisilinganiso esingu-20: 20 g g nge-1 m². Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuboshwa, yenza "ukondla" kwesibili, ukwethula umanyolo ofanayo, kepha ngokwesilinganiso se-10-12 / 15-20 / 10-12 g nge-1 m². Ukondla kokugcina kwenziwa maphakathi no-Septhemba, lapho isivuno sizovunwa, kusetshenziswa ingxube ye-phosphorus ne-potassium, i-20 g ngayinye. Umanyolo kufanele usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo phezu kwenhlabathi, kuthi ngemuva kokumba ujule ngo-10-12 cm bese unisela ihlathi ngalinye ngokwenele.
Izihlahla
Ukuvimbela ukuqina komqhele, yenza ukuthenwa.
Inqubo yenziwa kuphela nge-actinidia esefike eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala.
Imikhono yenziwa kulo lonke ihlobo, emva kwalokho amagatsha abekwa kusekelwa i-actinidia endaweni efanele. Ukuncwina kwenziwa futhi, okuvimba ukukhula kwamagatsha.
Ukuvuselela kabusha izitshalo ezineminyaka engama-8-10 ubudala, amagatsha amadala wamathambo ayalungiswa, kusale isiphunzi esingama-30-40 cm kuphela emvinini.
I-trinming actinidia entwasahlobo nasekwindla ayenziwanga ngenxa yokugeleza okuqinile kwesiphuzo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo sizokufa.
Ngokuqala kwekwindla, imidumba emincane eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala iyasuswa kwizisekeli futhi imbozwe nge-peat, amahlamvu omile, amagatsha esihlahla sonwele, okungenani i-20 cm, ngemuva kokubeka ubuthi ngamagundane ukuze zingaboli izidleke. Abadala i-actinidia abadingi ukumbozwa.
Ukuzala
Uma uhlanganyela ekukhuleni isitshalo, kungekudala uzokuba nentshisekelo yokuthi ungakusabalalisa kanjani i-Actinidia. Inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha ilula, ngakho-ke umlimi engakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela akhulise insalela yabesilisa nabesifazane. Kulokhu, ubulili nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo kuthathwa njengezivela kumzali kuye kumntwana (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa indlela yembewu).
Indlela ye-arc layering
Ekupheleni kokugeleza kwentwasahlobo yokuqhuma kanye nokuqhakaza kwamahlamvu amancane, kukhethwa ihlumela ende futhi ekhule kahle kunazo zonke, igxunyekwe phansi yi-apex futhi inamathele emhlabathini, ifafaza indawo yokuphina ngensimbi yenhlabathi engu-10-15 cm. Igquma kufanele liniselwe futhi lifakwe nge-sawdust noma nge-humus.
Ekwindla noma entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, izihlahla ezisikiwe kanye nesihlahla sikamama zihlukaniswa, ingane idluliselwe endaweni engapheli.
Izimbumbulu
Imvamisa, abalimi bathakazela ukuthi bangayikhulisa kanjani i-actinidia nge-cutways entwasahlobo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili.
Ukusika kwamahlumela aluhlaza
Ngokuqala kukaJuni, khetha amagatsha amaningana aqinile anonyaka owodwa ubudala, anqunywe ekuseni bese efakwa embizeni yamanzi ukuvimbela ukuqothuka. Ihlamvu ngalinye lihlukaniswe izingcezu ezi-10 cm cm futhi litshalwe enhlabathini (buthaka buthakathaka noma bungathathi hlangothi), lapho i-humus nesihlabathi somfula ngaphambili kufakwa kwisilinganiso se-1: 2, kanye nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali ongenayo i-chlorine (100 g yanele i-1 m²) .
Ukutshala kwenziwa nge-angle engu-60 °, kubhekwa ibanga elingama-5 cm phakathi kwezinqumo nokusika ku-10 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Kulokhu, ihlumela eliphakathi kwegatsha kufanele lakhiwe ezingeni lomhlabathi. Emaceleni okusikiwe, inhlabathi iyanyathelwa, iniselwe, bese kubekwa phezulu i-gauze engaphezulu, ekhishwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, ukusika kufihlwe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, futhi entwasahlobo, aze amaqabunga aqhakaze, adluliselwe endaweni yokukhula engapheli.
Indlela yokusika okunemibala
Ngokwale ndlela, ukukhiqizwa kwe-actinidia kwenziwa kanjena. Ama-cuttings anezimpawu anqunywa ekwindla sekwephuzile, ahlanganiswe futhi agcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, abekwe ngokuthe nkqo ebhokisini eligcwele isihlabathi ngamanani aphezulu ku-1-5 ºC. Ukutshala kwenziwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa nokunisela njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Banakekela ukusikwa okuluhlaza.
Indlela yembewu
Ngemuva kokufaka izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuphelele, bese ugeza, imbewu etholwayo yomiswa ephepheni emthunzini. Bese kuthi, eshumini sokuqala sikaDisemba, afakwe amanzi izinsuku ezine, agcwaliswe ngamanzi ayi-2 cm, ahlanganiswe futhi ahlwanyelwe ukujula kwe-0.5 cm ezitsheni ezigcwele ingxube yenhlabathi ye-turf nesihlabathi somfula.
Amahlumela kufanele afafazwe futhi ambozwe elangeni eliqondile. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-3-4, izilwane ezincane zidluliselwa ku-greenhouse. Izimbali zenzeka ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni engama-3-5, emva kwalokho isitshalo sitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo emhlabathini.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izitshalo zilwa nezifo futhi akuvamile ukuba zihlaselwe yizinambuzane. Uma imithetho yokunakekela ilandelwa ngesikhathi sokutshala kwe-actinidia, izihlahla ziba sengcupheni yokuhlaselwa.
Kulezi zifo, lesi sitshalo singathinteka yi-phylostictosis, ukubola kwezithelo, i-Powdery isikhutha, okuluhlaza okotshani noma okumpunga, izifo ezibangelwa ukonakala okubangelwa amabala. Lapho kuvela izinkinga, izingxenye zesifo ezinesifo ziyasuswa. Njengezinhloso zokuvimbela, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-Bordeaux liquid (1%) ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu. Inqubo iphindwa ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2. Ukulwa ne-Powdery isikhutha, ukucutshungulwa kabili (okunqunyelwe kwezinsuku eziyi-10) kasawoti wokubhaka (0.5% r-r) kuyenziwa.
Kwizinambuzane, amabhungane angena ngamaqabunga kanye nezibungu zawo, esidla amaqunube, amahlamvu nezithelo, kanye nokufakelwa kwamachwane, imikhaza ejwayelekile, namabhungane abopha amagxolo, asilimaza kakhulu lesi sitshalo. Usizo luvela ngokuhlwitha kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla kanye nesitshalo sonke esine-Bordeaux fluid, esibulala izinambuzane nezinsizakalo zazo zobusika noma ubusika.
Ngokudabukisayo, izinambuzane zifaka ... amakati. Ngemuva kokuba iqhwa liphelile, izilwane zihlehlisa izimpande, zizilimaze bese zidla amahlumela amancane. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho izitshalo sezitshaliwe, kufanele zivikelwe ngocingo olungena ngocingo, ziludonsa ngo-10 cm emhlabathini futhi zenze uhlobo oluthile lwesembozo ukuze amakati angangeni esihlahleni.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-actinidia kuzosiza ukukhulisa isihlahlana esinempilo, esizobonga kakhulu ngesitshalo esikhulu sezithelo ezimnandi.
