Imbali ye tropical Brunfelsia (Brunfelsia) ingeyomndeni wakwa-nightshade. Ezasekhaya amahlathi ashisayo aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Lesi sitshalo siyisihlahla somhlobiso esihlala sikhona esifinyelela ku-60 cm ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, singakhula ngesimo sesihlahla size sifike kumamitha ayi-3. Amaqabunga atshintshiwe, aphelele, anesikhumba, anama-petioles amafushane. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi noma onsomi. Lesi sitshalo sidonsela izimbali eziqhamukayo ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ngephunga laso eliqhakazile nephunga eliyingqayizivele, okuyinto, njengomthetho, sizibonakalisa ebusuku. Amahlathi aqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke. Ijusi lembali linobuthi kakhulu, ngakho-ke lapho usebenza nalo, kufanele ulandele imithetho yezokuphepha futhi usebenzise izinto zokuvikela.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ze-brunfelsia
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zalesi sihlahla esihle zaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuyisisekelo, wonke akhule endaweni evulekile emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele sokushisa.
Izinhlobo zezimbali zaseBrunfelsia:
WaseMelika (B. americana).
Malocotsvetnaya (B. pauciflora).
Izimbali ezi-single (B. uniflora).
Inqunyiwe (B. calycina).
Wase-Australia
Kutheleke kakhulu.
Izimbali ezinkulu
Izinhlobo zaseMelika IBrunfelsia shrub ine-phunga elimnandi nezimbali ezimhlophe, lapho ekugcineni kwezimbali zithola i-tint ephuzi. Abantu bavame ukubiza lesi sitshalo "Ubuhle Busuku" noma bamane bathi "Americaana".
Izinhlobo zezimbali eziphansi Imbali yeBrunfelsia isihlahla esincane esinezimbali unyaka wonke. Kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo, ihlukaniswa yi-profusion ekhethekile yokwakheka kwe-inflorescences.
I-Brunfelsia ene-single-flowered ungomunye wabamele abakhulu bohlobo. Inamaqabunga agqamile afinyelela ku-10 cm, apendwe luhlaza obumnyama. Izimbali zifinyelela kububanzi obungu-2,5 - 3 cm bese zikhula zibe munye. Umbala wazo uhluka kusuka ku-lilac kuya kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma cishe okumhlophe.
Ukubuka okwakheke njengensimbi kwe-brunfelsia shrub Inesimo esikhethekile se-corolla - ngesimo sendebe ejulile, okuphuma kuyo amacembe amancane we-wavy. Ububanzi bezimbali bufika ku-5 cm. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali okuningi sithatha kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi.
Ukubuka kwe-Australia nge-brunfelsia iyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke nenhle. Inezimbali ezinkulu ezifika ku-6 cm ubukhulu, ezimboza kahle indawo engaphezulu kwesihlahla.
Izinhlobo eziminyene ze-brunfelsia kuyivelakancane kakhulu ezindlini zezimbali. Isici esiyinhloko sesihlahla singamaqabunga amade futhi acekeceke. Izimbali ezinkulu zifinyelela ububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-14. Ama-inflorescences "amiswa" ngeziqu ezinde. Isikimu sombala wokuqhakaza sisukela ku-beige siye emhlophe.
Ukubuka okugeleza okukhulu kweBrunfelsia noma i-grandiflora ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ingaqhuma kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla. Izimbali ziyi-tubular futhi ziyakwazi ukushintsha umthunzi wombala kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-3-4.
Bheka izithombe zezinhlobo zesihlahla saseBrunfelsia esinikezwe esihlokweni esingezansi:
Ukunakekelwa kweBrunfelsia: ukuchelela, ukufaka umanyolo nokudlulisa
Izidingo zemvelo yezihlahla ezikhulayo zilula impela. IBrunfelsia ithanda amakamelo agqamile anelanga. Ehlobo, kumele ihlazwe ukukhanya kwelanga. Kungcono ukubeka lesi sitshalo emafasiteleni asentshonalanga nasempumalanga.
Izinga lokushisa ehlobo liyi-20-25 ° С, ebusika - 10-12 ° С. Imbali ayesabi ukushisa, kepha imbi kakhulu ekungeneni kwesithwathwa, ngoba yisiko lesitshalo esishisayo.
Ukunisela i-Brunfelsia kulula. Ukunisela njalo ehlobo, ngokulinganisela ebusika. Akudingi ukufafazwa. Lesi sitshalo esithanda umswakama esidinga ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi masonto onke ngamanzi afudumele, ahleliwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha umswakama wethambo lobumba ngenkathi yezimbali nokukhula okusebenzayo. Esikhathini esibandayo, kungcono ukunciphisa inani lokunisela ngezikhathi eziyi-1.5-2. Umswakama owedlulele kanye nokushisa okuphansi kungaholela ekuwohlisweni kohlelo lwempande.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele, lesi sitshalo sidinga inhlabathi evulekile futhi elula. Ingxube yeshidi ne-turf land, i-peat nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-2: 2: 1: 1 siphelele. Ukusabela kufanele kube acidic (pH 5.5-6.8). Njengesitsha sokutshala, kungcono ukunikela ngokuthanda izimbiza ezinkulu nezinkulu. Lesi yisitshalo esikhulu impela, esidinga indawo yokukhula. Isimo esiyinhloko lapho utshala imbali ungqimba lwamamozi olunobukhulu okungenani be-2 cm ukukhipha umswakama ngokweqile.
Ukunakekela iBrunfelsia ekhaya kufaka into ebaluleke njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekuthuthukisweni okugcwele kwesihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza, zondliwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali. Izingxube zomanyolo ezenziwe ngomumo zingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile.
Dlulisela kuze kube iminyaka emi-4 ngonyaka, bese kuthi njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3. Inqubo yokuvuselela ingaphezulu yenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula.
Ungakususa kanjani iBrunfelsia: izindlela zokuzala
Ukusakazeka kwe-Shrub kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:
- Ama-cutic apical asebenzisa izikhuhli zokukhula.
- Cishe imbewu.
Ukwemboza imbali ye-brunfelsia ngendlela yezimbali kuyindlela elula yokusabalalisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sinqume inqubo yokuqina kwesihlahla. Inqubo yenziwa kangcono ngommese obukhali noma secateurs engadini. Ngokuhluma, amahlumela abantu abadala abanempilo kufanelekile, ama-Internode awo abalwa ngenani lezingcezu ezingaphezu kwezintathu ngokwesibonelo. Ama-cuttings afanele afakwe endaweni yesisombululo esikhanyisayo sehora eli-1, abese atshalwa engxube yenhlabathi entsha. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukunisela isithombo bese usimboza nge-polyethylene eminyene noma phansi sinqunywe ebhodleleni lepulasitiki. Izimpande zokuqala kufanele zikhule zingakapheli izinyanga ezingama-5-6. Kuze kufike kuleli phuzu kuzoba ngcono uma lesi sitshalo sisekushiseni okuluhlaza okuncane.
Akukho lutho olunzima mayelana nokubamba imbali kweBrunfelsia enezinhlamvu. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, izinto zokutshala zisakazeka enhlabathini ethambile ye-peat, bese kudalwa indawo abamba ukushisa kuyo ekhaya. Ungakwenza usebenzisa izinto ezichazwe kwindlela yangaphambilini. Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngenye indlela zonke ezinye izinsuku. Izimpawu zokukhula kwezimpawu zizovela ezinyangeni ezingama-4-6 ezizayo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukufakelwa kumabhodwe amancane kuyadingeka.
Izinambuzane nezifo zeBrunfelsia
Izithombe ngezansi kanye nokuchazwa kwezifo zezimbali zaseBrunfelsia zinikezwe ngezansi. Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezihlahleni yilezi:
Isihlangu.
Ama-aphid.
I-Mealybug.
I-Whitefly
Isikhala sesicabucabu.
Lapho kukhona izibonakaliso zokuqala zokubonakala kwalezi zinambuzane, kuyadingeka ukwenza inkambo yokwelashwa nge-disinfectants ekhethekile. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kakhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi uphathe ukwelashwa ngamanzi anensipho, bese ususa izinambuzane ngama-insecticides noma i-actellica (18-20 yehla nge-1 litre lamanzi).
Isitshalo esikhethwe njengamakhekhe i-Brunfelsia, ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele, singathola izifo eziningi:
Ukubola kwezimpande.
I-Chlorosis yamaqabunga.
Ukujikeleza kabusha kohlelo lwezimpande kwenzeka ngenxa yokumanzisa ngokweqile kwesithambo sobumba noma ukungabikho kwamanzi kahle. Lapho kuvela ukugula okunjalo, kufanelekile ukufaka ingxube yenhlabathi kanye nembali, ususe izinqubo ezibolile futhi unikeze igebe lomoya ebhodweni. Kuzoba kuhle ukuthi kunciphiswe ukuchelela ngesikhathi sokuvuselela kabusha.
Lapho kukhona isifo sesibili kusuka kuhla olungenhla, uphawu oluphambili luwumbala kanye nokuwa kwamapuleti amaqabunga. Ukugula kuqubuka ngokuphulwa kokukhishwa kwe-chlorophyll esitshalweni. Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka nokusakazeka kwe-chlorosis, umuntu kufanele akhethe kahle isakhi sezakhi zomsoco, asondle njalo imbali ngamanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi amaminerali futhi aqaphele i-acidity enhlabathini.
