I-Astra imbali eshaya ngenani elikhulu lemibala nesimo esingajwayelekile. Lezi zimbali ezinamabala abukekayo zibukeka kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela ungabona umbhede wezimbali, ingadi yezimbali noma indawo engadini yekotishi, lapho kungekho ama-asters.
Kuzo ezibonakalayo sizokutshela ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-aster, ikakhulukazi, eyodwa enjenge-pion, nezinye izinhlobo zembali kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, futhi uzobona nezithombe zezinye amasampula alesi sitshalo.
Incazelo ye-aster nesithombe
I-Astra iyathandeka ngendlela emangalisayo kuboniswa ngezimbali ezinde nemibala eminingi. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaningi babiza le mbali ngokuthi "ekwindla", ngoba iveza bonke ubuhle bayo ekwindla. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-asters ziyaqhakaza ngenyanga kaMeyi futhi zijabulisa ngezimbali zazo kuze kube inyanga kaNovemba. Izici ezibalulekile zale mbali yilezi:
- i-aster isho izitshalo ezi-dicotyledonous;
- Kuwunyaka nonyaka;
- amahlamvu aminyene;
- ukuphakama kwezimbali - kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-200 cm;
- izimbali zilula, zibuye kabili kabili;
- ezimweni zemvelo ihlala ezintabeni, emaqeleni nasezifundeni zamahlathi;
- imibala ye-aster ingahluka kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokusomi onsomi.
Ingqikithi ikhona cishe izinhlobo ezingama-600 nezinhlobo ezingama-800 yalesi sitshalo. I-Asters nayo inohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe. Incwadana yabo incane, inamazinyo amakhulu nesimo esibanzi se-oval. Iziqu zesitshalo ziqondile futhi ziphopho. Ama-inflorescences angamabhasikidi ngendlela yezihlangu noma ama-panicles. Maphakathi, izimbali zivame ukuba zincane futhi zibe nothayela ophuzi, futhi emaphethelweni angumhlanga futhi angaba nemibala ehlukene. Ububanzi bebhasikidi bungahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-15 cm.
Izinhlobo ze-asters
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo, amafomu kanye nezinhlobo ze-asters. Ngakho-ke, kukhona:
- spherical;
- elula;
- inaliti;
- ama-pompoms;
- pion-ezimise;
- chrysanthemum-efana;
- pinkish;
- okhanyayo nabanye.
Isibonelo, ama-Versailles ahlukahlukene abunjwe ngopion, kanti iDrako linjenge-chrysanthemum-like. Ama-peony aster avame ukutshalwa yilabo abathanda ukubeka izimbali ezisikiwe edishini.
I-Peony aster: isithombe, izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokulima
I-peony asters inesici sayo esiyingqayizivele: i-inflorescence ekwakhiweni ifana ne-peony. Ngokwakhe imbali eyindilinga eyindilinga futhi inobubanzi obungafika ku-10 cm, amacembe angaphandle abanzi futhi amade, kanti angaphakathi amafushane futhi amancanyana. Zonke, ngaphandle kwezokweqisa, ziya maphakathi, zidala ukwakheka kwembali. Isihlahla singakhula size sifinyelele kuma-50 cm, igatsha ngesiqu silimale, ngakho-ke umqhele obunjiwe wekoloni ugcinwe kahle.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:
- Umbhoshongo
- Ntokazi
- Ama-Duchess.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zama-asters, izitshalo ezimise okokuphamba zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ngokusebenzisa izithombo nokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
I-Peony Aster: Ukukhula Kwembewu
Ukuze utshale unomphela, udinga ukukhetha indawo enelanga evikelwe kahle emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, i-Astra ayikuthandi ukudonswa kwamanzi ungasitshale eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi ibe nokudla okunempilo.
Imbewu ingatshalwa ngokushesha engadini ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, bese imbozwa ngefilimu. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, kufanele ancishiswe ngaphandle. Zivulwa ngezinsuku ezifudumele, yonke ifilimu isuswa eduze nehlobo. Ukulima okuqhubekayo kungokulandelayo:
- ungakhohlwa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela nangokuhlala njalo.
- nisela u-aster ngesikhathi;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nakuqala kokuqhakaza, asters adinga ukondliwa.
Uma ufuna ukutshala imbewu yezithombo, khona-ke idinga ingxube yezakhi. Futhi ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngenyanga kaMashi. Imbewu isakazeka ebusweni benhlabathi ifafaze ngomhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho konke kuyaniselwa futhi kumbozwe. Amahlumela aqhuma kumazinga okushisa angaba ngama-20 degrees, ngemuva kokubukeka kwawo kuncishisiwe.
Amaviki ambalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa yenza ukugqoka okungaphezulu nokuqina. Amaviki amabili okuqala ezithombo kufanele abe sendlini yokukhosela.
Ukwehla njengendlela yokuhluma kwembewu
Ochwepheshe abaningi, lapho bekhula i-asters ukuze kusheshiswe ukubekwa kwembewu, basebenzisa indlela yokuqina, okungukuthi, umehluko wezinkomba zokushisa.
Izinto zokutshala zibekelwa phansi emhlabathini, bese zifafazwa ngesendlalelo seqhwa esingu-1 cm. Ngaphansi kweqhwa elincibilikayo, imbewu itholakala izimpande, bese inqubo ilingisa ukutshala kwezimbali ekwindla. Isitsha esinama-asters atshaliwe sibekwa endaweni ebandayo amahora amaningi, bese siphinda sihlelwe kabusha ekushiseni. Lokhu kushintshana kwezinga lokushisa kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yilapho imbewu iluma.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela, kudingeka atshalwe kumathebhulethi e-peat ahlukile noma ezimbizeni. Inqubo yokuhlwaywa iyasiza futhi ukukhulisa inani lembewu esezimpande ngemuva kokutshala.
Ungatshala kanjani ama-asters emhlabathini?
Udinga ukukhulisa ama-asters ngokuya ngamazinga adingekayo. Isibonelo, ukuthola izithombo ezikhulayo, izinga lokushisa lomoya elifanele kufanele libe okungenani ama-degree angu-15. Kepha udinga ukondla izithombo amahlandla amabili okokuqala: okokuqala ngoMeyi, usebenzisa isixazululo se-nitrophoska ne-Agricola, okwesibili ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Ama-Asters awayithandi inhlabathi enomswakama kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa kakhulu ukuze inhlabathi ingoma. Njalo lapho izithombo kufanele zithunyelwe ngemuva kokunisela.
Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile kwandulelwa wukuqina. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo ngeke sesabe ama-fridge aze afike ku-4 degrees ngaphansi kwe-zero. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala imbewu kuze kube yilapho uyifaka enhlabathini evulekile, kudlula izinyanga ezimbili. Uma utshala imbewu maphakathi no-Mashi, ungabe usifaka izithombo maphakathi no-Meyi.
Khula asters kufanele emhlabathini okhanyayo hhayi omile. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama, izimbali zingathinteka ngokubola. Kungcono ukutshala inhlabathi enesihlabathi se-loamy noma i-chernozem enga-acid. Uma inhlabathi ingeyinhle, khona-ke ekwindla kuyadingeka ukuzalisa nge-humus, kuthi ngemuva kokumba, engeza izinto ezinjengokuthi:
- ammonium sulfate;
- i-superphosphate;
- usawoti we-potassium.
Izimbali zithanda umbala kakhulu, kepha futhi zikwazi kahle endaweni emnyama, uma izinhlobo zephuze, khona-ke isakhiwo kufanele sibe yilanga kuphela.
Ukuze izimpande zezithombo zingalimali, kufanele ziniselwe ngaphambi kokuzithela emhlabathini ovulekile kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi iswelwe kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kanye nenhlama yenhlabathi enomswakama, bayakhishwa ethangini bese begxila emhlabathini.
Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kufanele ivulwe, futhi imake izimbobo noma imisele kuyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, inisele. Ngemuva kokutshala i-asters, fafaza inhlabathi eyomile ngezansi ne-compact ukuze izitshalo zizinze ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukunisela izithombo kudingeka empandeni. Ngemuva kokugcwala kwengcambu yokugcina emhlabathini ovulekile, irejimeni yokunakekelwa imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Izinsuku ezintathu asters uyanisela;
- 1 usuku umhlabathi uthukulula.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu engenacala
Uma uhlala ezindaweni zezulu ezifudumele, khona-ke isitshalo sonyaka singatshalwa ngaphandle kwezithombo. Imbewu etshala ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, njengomthetho, iqhakaza kakhulu futhi imelane nezifo kahle. Okuwukuphela kwento esidonsa kulokhu ukuthi izimbali zenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Imbewu itshalwe emhlabathini ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho umhlabathi usuvuthwe ngokwanele futhi ungathathwanga izigaxa, noma usondele ebusika. Lapho izithombo namaqabunga okuqala evela, atshalwa, kushiya ibanga phakathi kwezimbali ezingaba ngu-15 cm.Kodwa-ke ziyancipha, uma kunesidingo. Uma utshala ama-aster ngo-Ephreli emhlabathini, azoqhakaza kungekudala kunezithombo amasonto amabili. Futhi imbewu etshalwe ngoNovemba izoqhakaza ngenyanga kaMeyi.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-asters
Ngokuya kokunakekelwa, ama-asters awafuneki kakhulu. Isidingo kuphela gcina le mithetho elandelayo:
- ngesikhathi futhi anele amanzi;
- ungakhohlwa ukukhulula ukhula enhlabathini;
- ukufaka umquba.
Kufanele futhi uqaphe umswakama wenhlabathi. Ukuyivula kuyadingeka ngemuva kokunisela kanye nezimvula, ukuze umswakama owengeziwe uvele. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, i-aster idinga ukuniselwa kakhulu, kepha kancane.
Ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lukhule ngendlela evamile, kuyadingeka ukukhulisa izimbali. Ukhula njalo kunciphisa ingozi yezifo.
Ama-Asters adinga ukuvundiswa ngesikhathi sokukhula nalapho kuvela izimbali zokuqala.
Izifo ezingaba khona kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi
Ama-asterging akhulayo angahlanganiswa nezinkinga ngendlela yezifo kanye nomthelela omubi wezinambuzane.
Isibonelo, ukuzungeza okungalungile kwezitshalo kungavusa amandla fusarium wilting. Isifo esinjalo sivele ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza bese sizibonakalisa ngesimo sobulima besitshalo kanye nokuwa kwezithambo. Izimbali ezilimele zidinga ukushiswa.
Enye isifo esiyingozi i-powdery hlobo, okuvela ngenxa yalezo zinto:
- inhlabathi yezakhi eziphansi;
- imodi yokunisela okungalungile;
- ukutshala obukhulu
Izibonakalisa ngesimo sombhalo obomvana grey ezimhlophe ngeziqu kanye namaqabunga. Ungalwa nalesi sifo ngosizo lwe- "Topaz" ne "Sulfaride".
I-Aster ingathintwa yisikhunta, ingaqashelwa izindawo ezimnyama eziqabunga emaqabungeni. Zidinga ukususwa futhi zishiswe, futhi isitshalo siphathwa ngeFundazole noma iPolychome.
IJaundice yisifo lapho isitshalo simbozwa khona ngamabala aphuzi. Izimbali ezigula ngale ndlela zisuswa ngokushesha; azinelashwa.
Ukuze uvikele ukubola okungwevu ngaphambi kokushula kwe-aster icutshungulwa ngethusi:
- I-Bordeaux ketshezi;
- sulfate yethusi;
- i-chloride yethusi.
Ukubola okumpunga kuvela njengokunamathela okumpunga okumhlophe. Izindawo ezithintekile kumele zisuswe. Lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yomswakama ngokweqile kanye ne-nitrogen ethe xaxa emhlabathini.
Izinambuzane
Izinambuzane ziyingozi kakhulu kuma-asters. Izitha ezinkulu kakhulu zale mbali zingamaqabunga amaqabunga nenyongo, okushiya amabala ansundu phakathi kwemithambo yamaqabunga. Amaqabunga ayasuswa, ngokunqotshwa okunamandla, isitshalo sonke siyasuswa.
Amacembe adliwayo nokwakheka kwegwebu - Umphumela womsebenzi we-penbies ye-slobbery. Isitshalo kufanele sihlanzwe siphume kwi-hose futhi siphathwe ngokufakwa kwegalikhi.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, isivakashi esingathandeki sama-asters siwukudla kwesicabucabu. Ngasikhathi sinye, badinga ukwelashwa ngamanzi anensipho futhi bafafazwe nge-infusions ngokusekelwe ku-anyanisi husks, ugarliki, i-dandelion, shag nezinye izindlela.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbali ezinhle ama-asters. Zingaba umhlobiso wensimu, uzungu noma isikhathi eside ukuma e-vase kwifomu elisikiwe. Futhi ukuze lesi sitshalo sikulethele ubumnandi obuhle, udinga ukusinakekela kahle.
