Ukulimala okufika lapho, noma ukubola oku-brown kwamazambane yisifo esivame kakhulu solanaceous, esithinta ama-sitrobheli, ama-buckwheat, izitshalo zikawoyela we-castor kuze kufike ezingeni elincane. Igama ukuhumusha kusuka kumagama wesi-2 esiGreek: "isitshalo" "chitha." E-Russia, ukulahleka kwamazambane kulesi sifo kungamathani ayisigidi ezi-4 ngonyaka.
I-ejenti ye-causative ayilona iqiniso impela ngesikhunta (amasistimu ahlukanisayo ahlukene - idatha ehlukile). Kunoma yikuphi, izidakamizwa zokwelashwa zibizwa ngama-fungicides, okusho ukuthi "ukubulala amakhowe." Amazambane athelelelwa yi-zoospores emhlabathini, kwisitoreji, ezinsaleleni zangemva kokuvunwa kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingakhethiwe. Ukutheleleka kweTuber kungavela (njengoba kwenzeka kaningi) eziqongweni ezinegciwane: uma lina ngamanzi noma lapho ihlangana namazambane ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Isimo sezulu esinethayo nesifudumele, lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha futhi singathinta insimu yonke.
Funda i-athikili yethu: Izifo zamazambane enezithombe nezincazelo.
Izimpawu ezibonakaliswayo zesifo samazambane esishonile
Amazambane atshaliwe kanti amahlumela okuqala amahle aluhlaza asevele avele. Izitshalo kancane kancane zithola amandla. Amabhasi aba ukusabalala okukhulu. Yiba yisivuno esihle, kepha ngolunye usuku uqaphela ukuthi imibhede yakho yamazambane isishintshile, izihlahla azisabukeka kangako. Izimpawu zesifo ziba mnyama ezingxenyeni zezitshalo, amabala kamuva akhule, ku-tubers - i-mycelium iba phakathi nezwe. Ukutheleleka kwesibili kuvame ukuhlala kwizitho ezithintekile bese kuqeda ukubhujiswa kwesilimo, kuguqula amazambane abe yisixaka esibuthakathaka. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, inhlanganisela ekhanyayo ye-mycelium ethela izithelo iba ngaphansi kweqabunga.
I-Phytophthora kumazambane, isithombe sibonisa ukwehlulwa kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo. Ukulwa nalesi sifo kumele kuqale ngophawu lokuqala, futhi kungcono ngaphambi kokuziphatha kwabo. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho isivuno singasindiswa futhi kugwenywe ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi.
Amaqiniso avela endabeni
Ukulimala okwenzeka emuva kwesikhathi kwabangela indlala enkulu e-Ireland ngonyaka we-1845-1849. Iminyaka eminingana, inani laleli lizwe lehle ngekota ... Ukuze bazisindise, abantu bazamile ukuthutha. Emikhunjini ebikade isebenza ukuhambisa izigqila, ibuthakathaka yindlala nezifo, abantu bangena eMelika ngomkhumbi. Ukufa kwabantu emikhunjini kufinyelele ku-20-30% ... Le mikhumbi ephelelwe umoya ibizwa ngokuthi yi-coffin-imikhumbi - ama-coffin, ngokwempela - umkhumbi webhokisi ... Mayelana ne "Great Potato Hunger" abantu basacula izingoma, izikhumbuzo, abantu bayakhumbula ...
Izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela izifo
Isimo sezulu esifanele, lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke okokuqala qaphela ukunqatshelwa kwalesi sifo.
- Izinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Kuhle ukufudumeza amasonto ngaphambi kokutshala izinto ezimbili ezikhethiwe bese ubuyekeza futhi, ususe nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinezimpawu ezincane zesifo.
- Ukukhetha izinhlobo zokumelana. Ukumelana ngokuphelele akukhona, kepha umehluko ekuthonyweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ubalulekile.
- Isusa izinsalela zangemva kokuvunwa. Lokhu kusebenza njengomthombo wokutheleleka. Ukucheba iziqongo ngaphambi kokumba ngokususa insimu nakho kuyasiza: ngamaqabunga anesifo, kungahle kube nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingafunwanga. Kuze bahlangane nezihlakala ezigulayo.
- Ukugcina ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Siyabheka ukuthi i-pathogen, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, nayo ikhula kwezinye ezisondelene (futhi kwi-buckwheat, i-castor oil kanye ne-sitrobheli, kepha ngezinga elincane kubo), ngakho-ke ukutshala amazambane ngemuva kwamatamatisi noma isitshalo seqanda kungumbono omubi. Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile ekuvinjelweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo.
- Ukuhlanza kuqala. Ngokubamba nezilimo eziyizigaxa isikhashana endaweni eyomile yokuvuthwa. Kuyasiza, ikakhulukazi lapho lina izulu livumela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta.
- Gwema ukugcwala okukhulu kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha.
- IHill. Ngaphezu kwezinhloso ezijwayelekile, le ndlela ivikela nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezifweni.
- Ukukhetha indawo ozohlala kuyo. Ekwehliseni indawo, umswakama uphakeme, umswakama uvame ukuzuma, okulimaza kakhulu sekwephuzile.
- Musa overdo nge liming! Ithanda lesi sifo ...
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo. Njengamasimu amazambane ahlukene, namasimu wezinye izitshalo zomndeni we-solanaceous - utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, ngoba ukulimala sekwedlule isikhathi kuyabathinta.
- Sinamathela kubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Izitshalo, njengabantu: ziyagula kalula futhi zigule kakhulu ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zokuthuthuka.
- Sisebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokuqonda. Ukwethulwa kwe-nitrogen kushayela eziqongweni futhi kuvame ukukhuphula isivuno, kepha kwandisa izehlakalo. Kepha ukwethulwa kukamanyolo we-potassium noma we-micronutrient, ikakhulukazi ithusi - kunalokho, kuvikela izitshalo.
Siqala ukwelashwa kokuqala ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo!
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma isimo sezulu lina, inkungu. Ukuvela kwamakhowe adliwayo emahlathini kusondele kakhulu, kepha nokho kuyisibonakaliso: yisikhathi sokuqala ukucutshungulwa. Futhi sifafazwe ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye njalo emavikini amabili noma ishumi. Ungawacubungula kanjani amazambane kusuka ekulimeni sekwephuzile? Noma yikuphi ukhunta, ukukhetha kungokwakho - esitolo, ezinkampanini noma kwi-bazaar, i-assortment inkulu kakhulu, siyathenga futhi siyifaka ngokwemiyalo. Kepha abantu basebenzisa ezinye amakhambi okulimaza sekwephuzile kumazambane, abawasebenzisi hhayi ngama-fungicides kuphela. Umphumela uyimpikiswano, kunabalandeli abaningi bezindlela ezihlukile, kepha uthemba ngokuphelele ... kufanelekile ukubuka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwani uma kusiza? Ngakho-ke, fafaza.
- Ubisi, ubisi lwe-skim noma i-Whey (ehlanjululwe).
- Tincture kagalikhi.
- ITrichopolum (sithenga esitolo sezidakamizwa) ithebhulethi / ilitha lamanzi.
- I-Iodine (siyithenga endaweni efanayo). Kodwa-ke, zivame ukuhlanganiswa; lapho kufafazwa ngobisi, kufakwa amaconsi ayi-10 / ilitha le-iodine.
- Tincture on superphosphate.
- Isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-sulfate yethusi.
Iodine, vitriol, superphosphate, ungangezelela nomanyolo we potassium - lokhu akugcini nje futhi hhayi ukuvikela okungaka ekulimazeni sekwephuzile, kepha futhi nokudla okufunwa izitshalo okwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi imikhiqizo yobisi yakha ifilimu evikelayo engxenyeni yeqabunga evimbela i-pathogen ukuthi ingene kulesi sitshalo. Futhi nokho, athembeke kakhulu amakhemikhali afakazelwe. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, zonke izinkampani zincoma ezazo, kepha noma kunjalo ezinye izidakamizwa ziyahlolwa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Futhi ngaphezulu. Sibheka futhi sisuse amaqabunga anezifo, kuyacaca, uma isikhathi nendawo yokutshala kuvumela, ngeke uphathe insimu enkulu njengaleyo.
