UTsuga - izinaliti ezinamandla

Njengezinye izihlahla eziningi zikaphayini, igama lesayensi lalezi zitshalo lenze izinguquko eziningi. Abameli bokuqala balolu hlobo lobuciko, okwaziwa ngabezazi zaseYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, kwakuyiziTsugs zaseNyakatho Melika. Ngemuva kwalokho bathola igama elithi "hemlock". Izinto ze-Herbarium, ezawela eqoqweni lika-K. Linnaeus, zithathwa nguyena ngophayini we-genus (I-Pinus), noma kunjalo, abantu besikhathi sakhe babevele bechaza amaTsugs aseNyakatho Melika njengefir. Kwaphawuleka ukuthi, kunjengokungathi, yizitshalo eziphakathi nendawo phakathi kwe-spruce ne-fir.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka eledlule, izazi zaseGerman ezazifunda izimila zaseJapan zachaza isihlahla esisha sesayensi - fir tsuga (Abies tsuga), ukuthatha izinhlobo ze-epithet igama lesiJapan lalesi sitshalo. Lapho u-E. Career eqala ukubeka uhlelo lwe-conifers ngokulandelana, wakhetha igama lesiJapan elithi "Tsuga" ukusho lonke uhlobo. Ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo, okwathi ngokokuqala ngqa saziwa izazi zezitshalo zemibuthano eNyakatho Melika, ngentando yesiphelo (nemithetho yokuqanjwa kwamaphepha) saqala ukubizwa ngegama lesiJapan.

IsiTsuga (IsiTsuga) - uhlobo lwezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza zomndeni wePine (I-Pinaceae).

I-Tsuga Canadian (Tsuga canadensis). © Charlie Hickey

Incazelo Tsugi

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-14-18 kuhlobo lweTsuga, yize ezinye zazo zibhekwa njengezinqolobane noma izinhlobo. AmaTsugi ahlala eyizihlahla, kepha kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuphakama kwawo nokubukeka kwawo kungahluka kakhulu hhayi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi nasezinhlotsheni ezifanayo. Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwabantu bezinhlobo eziningi kungama-8-10 m. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu kunasentshonalanga iTsuga, evame ukufika kuma-75 m.

AmaTsugi zihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezinde ezinomqhele onomqhele ocijile, obanzi futhi ovame ukungalingani ngeminyaka ubudala, futhi amahlumela aminyene, anama-bark amancane ajulile futhi aphumayo.

Izinhlobo ezifana UTsuga Himalayan (Tsuga dumosa), I-Tsuga Chinese, noma i-tsuga Taiwanese (Tsuga chinensis), I-Tsuga Western (I-Tsuga heterophylla) finyelela ku-40-60 m ukuphakama. Amahlumela aqokiwe noma abushelelezi, apical awakhiwa kahle. Izinso zincane kakhulu. Izingcingo zincanyana, zivame ukulengiswa, zivuthwe ngonyaka wokuqala, lapho sezivuthiwe zingaboli bese ziwa kuphela ngomunye unyaka. Isikali sembewu sinamahlamvu amancane futhi ayindilinga. Isikali sokumboza asidluli imbewu futhi sincanyana kakhulu. Ziqinile, zifakwe kahle emgodini noma zibaliwe kancane ngenhla. Imbewu incane, ebusweni ine-gine resin, enamaphiko amade. Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinaliti zithambile, zilayini, ziba ngaphansi, zinemidwebo emi-2 emhlophe noma emhlophe yezintambo ezi-4-10 zemisipha ngayinye, ifinyeziwe esisekelweni ibe yi-petiole emfishane enamathiselwe epanini eliphakeme. Izinaliti eceleni komphetho zingaba ngokuphelele noma zibe zinhle. Kusatshalaliswa imbewu noma ukusikwa, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile zingasakazwa ngokuxhunyelelwa kwi-tsugu yaseCanada.

UTsugi wasakazeka emhlabeni

Izinhlobo zeTsugu zivamile eMpumalanga Asia ukusuka eHimalaya kuya eJapan naseNyakatho Melika. Izinhlobo eziningi zithathwa njengezinzile kusiko futhi ziqinile futhi kufanele zihlolwe eRussia. Emazweni angomakhelwane eScandinavia onesimo sezulu esifanayo, ezinye izinhlobo zamaTsugi, ezingakatholakali ezingadini zaseRussia nasezindlini zokugcina izingane, azisetshenziswa kuphela ekutshaleni umhlaba, kepha nasezihlathini zamahlathi.

ITsuga ifuneka ekuvundiseni kwenhlabathi nangomhlabathi, engalwi nesomiso, ibekezelela umoya omile, ongabekezeleliyo umthunzi. Ukutshalwa kabi Ikhula kancane, ngakho-ke ayidingi izihlahla. Ehlobo, ngocezu lwensimu, izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile. Kuhle ukubatshala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, kepha hhayi emhlabathini omanzi onomswakama osimeme, futhi udinga ukudonsa okuhle. Inika isithunzi esikhulu. ITsuga ingumuthi omnandi kakhulu, onomusa onamagatsha acashile anamaphethelo ekhalayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele nokunakekelwa okufanele kungahlobisa ipaki, ingadi kanye nozungu.

Izingcingo emagatsheni e-Canadian Tsugi. © Maure Briggs-Carrington

Izimo ezikhulayo

IndawoI-Tsuga uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lokubekezelela umthunzi.

Inhlabathi: inhlanganisela yenhlabathi iqukethe i-turf neqabunga lomhlabathi, isihlabathi, esithathwe ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 2. Ikhula kabi enhlabathini enomdlandla, ifinyelela ekuthuthukisweni okungcono kwenhlabathi evundile, ejulile nenhlabathi entsha.

Ukufakelwa: Isikhathi sokufika - intwasahlobo: ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo eqenjini li-0.8 - 1.5 m. Intamo yezimpande isezingeni lomhlabathi. Ukujula komgodi kungamasentimitha angama-70 - 80. Ngezansi komgodi kukhona ungqimba lwesihlabathi esihlanganisiwe esinobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-15. I-Tsuga ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunquma indawo yayo engadini ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukukhula kancane.

Ukunakekelwa: lapho utshala, i- "Ksmira Universal" yengezwe emhlabathini ngesilinganiso se-150-200 g emgodini ngamunye wokutshala. Umanyolo uxubene kahle nomhlabathi.

Izinaliti zentaba i-Tsuga, noma iMertens (Tsuga mertensiana). © Raino Lampinen

Eminyakeni elandelayo, awukwazi ukufaka umanyolo (izinaliti eziwile, ukubola, ukucebisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezi-organic). AmaTsugi angama-hygrophilous, adinga ukuthambisa njalo: kanye ngeviki, ibhakede lamanzi lesitshalo ngasinye esidala (ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10).

Umoya omile awukabekezelelwa kahle, ngakho-ke kufanele kufafazwe i-hose okungenani kanye ngenyanga, futhi uma ihlobo lishisa, kunconywa ukuthambisa kaningi kanye nokufafaza izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto. AmaTsugi akhula kangcono emachibini. Ukujula okujulile, kuze kufike ku-10 cm, kuyinto efiselekayo kuphela ngokuqina kwenhlabathi. Ukutshala okuncane kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ngohlaka lwe-peat olungama-3-5 cm. I-Tsuga ikhula kancane, ikakhulukazi esemncane, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi izihlahla. Isithwathwa sivame ukonakalisa imiphetho yamahlumela waminyaka yonke ezitshalweni ezincane, izitshalo zabantu abadala zinobusika impela. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, izithombo ezincane kufanele zimbozwe ubusika (emva kukaNovemba 10) nge-peat ne-lapnik (entwasahlobo, i-peat kufanele isuswe iziqu). Ubomvu bezinaliti zikaphayini ebusika kusuka eqandeni azilimazi izitshalo. ILapnik isindisa izithombo elangeni.

Ukuzala: imbewu, ukusikwa, amafomu okuhlobisa - agonyelwe kwifomu main.

Ukusetshenziswa kweTsugi ekwakheni

I-Tsuga ihlotshiswe kakhulu ngomqhele okhanyayo, omnandi, amagatsha awo, lapho isihlahla sikhululekile, sikhothamela phansi. Kuhle ngamaqembu amancane futhi ngempumelelo epulazini elilodwa etshanini. Umhlobiso owengeziwe womqhele we-Cascade mncane, ulenga izigaxa zombala onsundu okhanyayo, ogcwele izihlahla ezimi mahhala. Amachibi amahle eduze nasemaphethelweni. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1736.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zeTsugi

I-Tsuga Canadian (I-Tsuga canadensis)

Izwe lasekhaya liyingxenye esempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ezintabeni zakha izitebhisi ezihlanzekile nezixubile.

I-Tsuga Canadian - isihlahla esihle, esingama-25 m mude, sinomqhele obanzi. Amagxolo ezihlahla ezindala ansundu, axotshwe ngokujulile. Amagatsha amakhulu atholakala cishe ngokuvundlile, futhi iziphelo zawo kanye namagatsha acashile e-lateral alengayo. Izinaliti ziyizicaba, zincane, zifinyelela ku-1.5 cm ubude, zithinta phezulu, ekugcineni zibunjiwe, zicwebezela ngaphezulu, okuluhlaza okotshani, okune-gros ende ende, ngezansi okune-keel futhi emincane, imichilo ye-oysterous, etholakala emhlangeni oyihlumela. Izingcingo zincanyana, ziyindilinga, kufinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubude, zimpunga.

I-Tsuga Canadian "Pendula" (Tsuga canadensis). © NYBG

I-Tsuga Canadian Albospicata.

Ukubukeka kuyakhanga. Lesi sitshalo sihle, siyakhululeka, imvamisa si-1.5 -2m, kuyaqabukela ngamamitha ayi-3. Amaphethelo amahlumela anombala ophuzi. Izinaliti zijwayelekile, ziphuzi lapho ziyaqhakaza, ngonyaka we-2 zihlaza grey, kamuva ziluhlaza ngokuphelele.

I-Tsuga Canadian Aurea.

Izitshalo ze-squat, amathiphu wokudubula ayigoqiwe, ophuzi begolide, kamuva, nokho, aluhlaza.

I-Tsuga Canadian Vennett.

Ifomu lomdweshu, ukubukeka kuyafana nokwabafana baseRicea "Nidiformis", amahlumela asehlobo acishe asakazeke njengabalingisi; ukukhula konyaka kube ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela. Izinaliti ezi-1 cm ubude, zivame ukufushane, zime kakhulu, ziluhlaza okukhanyayo. Kubonakala cishe ngo-1920 e-nursery kaM. Bennett, eHighlands, eNew York, e-USA.

I-Tsuga Canadian Compacta.

Yaziwa kusiko kusukela ngo-1868. Izinhlobo zakudala kakhulu zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 ngobubanzi obufanayo. Ifomu lihlala livamile, licwebezela, linamakhanda, limbozwe ngesiqubu, linamahlumela amafushane. EBotanical Garden ye-BIN kusukela ngonyaka we-1998 (ukudluliselwa kwama-cuttings A.V. Kholopova waseHamburg, Germany).

I-Tsuga Canadian Dwarf whitetip.

Ifomu lomugqa obanzi; Amabhande amahle, ame aqine. Izinaliti zimhlophe impela entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kamuva ziba luhlaza kancane kancane. Kuvele ngonyaka we-1890 eMorris Arboretum, e-USA.

I-Tsuga Canadian Gracilis.

Isimo esihle kakhulu; amagatsha namagatsha agobile noma alengisiwe. Amaqabunga angama-6mm mm ubude. England

I-Tsuga Canadian Gracilis Oldenburg.

Ifomu lomdumba, likhula kancane kakhulu (eneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, ukuphakama cishe okungama-25 cm, ububanzi obu-cm 40-50 cm, kuneminyaka engama-75 ubudala 2 m ukuphakama), umqhele we-semicircular ekuqaleni ngokudangala okufana nesidleke phakathi. Izihloko zamahlumela ziyabola, amahlumela amafushane kakhulu. Izinaliti ziluhlaza obumnyama, zinobude obungu-6 - 10 mm. Umsuka awaziwa, kodwa okokuqala usatshalaliswa nguHeinrich Bruns, uWestersted. Lesi sitshalo silethwe eNursenburg Nursery njenge "Nana gracilis", kepha akukho emthethweni, ngoba kusukela ngo-1862 sekukhona "iGracilis" eNgilandi.

Tsuga Canadian Hussii.

I-dwarf, ikakhulukazi ifomu eliphansi; amagatsha ahlwanyelwe kakhulu. Izinaliti zime ngokuqinile. Kuvele eHus, eHartford, eCuricicut.

UTsuga Canadian Jeddeloh.

Umumo we-war semicircular enamagatsha Kuvunguza kanye ne-induction ecishe ifane nomsebezi. Izinaliti ziqinile, ziyi-8-16 mm ubude ne-1-2 mm ububanzi, ziluhlaza okukhanyayo, Zatholakala ngo-1950 eYeddelo; IGermany njengamanje ingenye yezindlela ezivama kakhulu zaseTsugi.

I-Tsuga Canadian Macrophylla.

Ifomu liqondile, likhula ngokushesha. Izinaliti zikhulu futhi zibanzi kunezinhlobo. EFrance, ekhula enkulisa kusuka ngo-1899.

I-Tsuga Canadian Microphylla.

Umumo muhle kakhulu; amagatsha alula, athambile. Izinaliti ezinobude obuyi-5mm nobubanzi obuyi-1 mm, ama-canadensis parviflora we-stomatal green (= T. canadensis parviflora). Imvamisa kuvela amahlumela.

I-Tsuga Canadian Minima.

Ukuphakama okuyi-1.5 - 2 m. Ifomu lomdanso, likhula kancane, linomqhele ocijile oyindilinga. Amagatsha ayakhuphuka, iziqongo ziyagunda, amahlumela amafushane kakhulu. Amahlamvu mancane kunezinhlobo. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1909, umfuyi weHesse-Wiener.

I-Tsuga Canadian Minuta.

Ifomu lomdweshu, hhayi eliphakeme kuno-50 cm, elicindezelwe, elingalingani, ububanzi obulingana nokuphakama; amahlumela wonyaka awekho ngaphezu kuka-1 cm. Izinaliti eziwu-6-10 mm ubude no-1-1.5 mm ububanzi, luhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu, onamanzi amhlophe angenamanzi ngaphansi (= T. canadensis taxifolia) ... Kutholakale ngo-1927 nguFrank Abbot eGreen Mountain , I-Vermont. Kusakazwa imbewu.

I-Tsuga Canadian Nana.

I-dwarf ifinyelela ku-1 m mude. Amahlumela ahlelwe ngokuqondile, asakazeka kabanzi, iziphetho zawo zikhomba phansi. Amagatsha amafushane, ayavela. Izinaliti ezifika ku-2 cm ubude futhi zibe ngu-1 mm ububanzi, zicwebezela ngaphezulu, ziluhlaza, ziqinile, zithanda umswakama, zibekezelela umthunzi. Kusatshalaliswa imbewu nokusikwa (ama-63%). Yachazwa ngo-1855, yasakazwa kabanzi eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Okunokwenzeka kakhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlobo. Inconyelwe izindawo ezinamadwala, ukubhaliswa kotshani basemhlabathini.

I-Tsuga Canadian Parviflora.

Ifomu lomdanso, muhle kakhulu; amagatsha anamahlumela ansundu. Amaqabunga mancane, ubude obungu-4-5 mm, ama-cannatal canals awafani. Kuvele eNgilandi; kuvame ukutholakala ezitshalweni.

I-Tsuga Canadian Pendulla.

Ifomu lokukhala lokuhlobisa kakhulu, elibanzi, eliqondile, elinobuningi; amagatsha ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo kusuka esiqwini, akhulula, akhiwe ngokungalingani, hhayi endizeni efanayo, iziphetho zilenga kude kakhulu; amahlumela amancane asikiwe ngokungabonakali (= T. canadensis; milfordiensis; T. canadensis sargentii pendula). Ukukhula kancane.

Ngokwesiko, kumelelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezinamanye amagama: I-Brookline - umcamelo ophansi, onomqhele obunjiwe. Ukuluka Kwe-Gable - Okuphakathi. Uhlobo lokufakelwa lwePendula lwasungulwa enkulisa. Izinaliti zinamahloni, ziluhlaza okusanda kuzalwa. Igama elisetshenziswe kwesinye isikhathi ngokuthi "uSargentiana" noma "uSargentii pendula" lisuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi lesi sitshalo, esatholakala ngaphambi kuka-1897 nguSargent ezintabeni zaseFishhill, eNew York, sasatshalaliswa emasikweni ngaphansi kwaleli gama. Ukusetshenziswa: kokwehla okukodwa.

Tsuga caroliniana

Ikhula empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, ezintabeni ukusuka eVirginia kuye eNyakatho Georgia; kuma-gorges, emadwaleni amatshe, osebeni lomfula olunamatshe, imvamisa izihlahla ezizodwa noma amaqembu amancane, endaweni ephakeme ngo-750-1300 m.

Umuthi ongafika ku-15 m noma ngaphezulu ukuphakama, umqhele uyisicaba, uyindilinga; amahlumela ahlala evimbile; amahlumela amancane akhanyayo ophuzi-onsundu, ama-pubescent amafushane. Izinso ziyindilinga ovoid. Izinaliti zilayini, ubude buyi-8-18 mm, ngaphandle kwamazinyo, kunompipi oyindilinga, okuluhlaza ocwebezelayo okuphezulu ngaphezulu, phansi ngemisele emibili emhlophe ebanzi ye-stomatal nomphetho omncane oluhlaza. Izingcingo ekubambeni okufishane, i-ovate-oblong, ubude be-20-35 mm; isikali i-ovate-oblong, esiyindilinga, isicinene, sithambile kalula ngaphandle.

I-Tsuga varifolia (I-Tsuga diversifolia)

Ezasekhaya - i-East Asia (Japan), lapho ikhula khona ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-700-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle. ulwandle. Ezindaweni zakha ukuma okumsulwa, kepha kuvame kakhulu ngamanye ama-conifers.

EJalimane, ifomu elinesihlahla kuphela, ezweni lakubo umuthi ongafika kuma-25 m ukuphakama; Umqhele okwenziwe ngawo umqhele; amagatsha aqonde kusuka esiqwini. Izinso zincanyana, ziyindilinga ngokungazifaki, ngobumnene be-pubescent. Amahlumela aphuzi ngombala ophuzi ngokubomvu, ansundu. Izinaliti zimile kakhulu, zikhuphuka emugqeni, zikhuphuke kancane futhi zisikiwe ekugcineni, 5-15 mm ubude no-3-4 mm ububanzi, zicwebezela kakhulu ngaphezulu, okuluhlaza okotshani nokugoqeka, phansi ngemisele emibili emhlophe ye-messatal yemigqa engu-8-10 . Izinhlobo ziyisilayidi, i-ovoid, ubude obuyi-20 mm; isikali singeqi, siyindilinga, sicwebezelwe, sibunjiwe kancane. Ubusika Hardy. Ithanda umthunzi okhethiweyo.

UTsuga Himalayan (Tsuga dumosa)

Ezweni lasekhaya - iHimalaya, 2500-3500 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.

Umuthi ezweni likude kakhulu; amagatsha aqhakaza; amagatsha alengayo; eJalimane, i-shrub (uma ngabe isisiko); amahlumela amancane anombala onsundu, ama-pubescent amafushane. Izinso ziyindilinga, i-pubescent. Izinaliti ziwugqinsi, cishe zilayini-mbili, ubude buyi-15-30 mm, kancane kancane zilungiswe zibheke phezulu; onqenqemeni lumiswe ngaphakathi, kusuka phezulu ubukhali futhi wagobile kancane, kusuka phansi cishe kwaba mhlophe impela, kwaba mhlophe ngokuhlaza. Izindandatho zinoshukela, i-ovoid, ubude buyi-18-25 mm; izikali zindilinga, zimthende.

I-Tsuga Western (I-Tsuga heterophylla)

Umuthi ongu-30-60 m ukuphakama; amagxolo amnyama impela, abomvu ansundu; umqhele omfishane; ukudubula okuyi-apical protruding kude, cishe i-laciform enezifundo ezimfishane, eziqondile ziqonde; amagatsha aqonde ngokuphela kokuphela; amagatsha kuqala aphuzi-onsundu, kamuva abe nsundu, abe yi-pubescent isikhathi eside. I-efihlekile iyindilinga, incane, i-fluffy. Izinaliti ziba ngomugqa onqenqemeni omncane futhi ojikelezwe kahle, njalo kube nesiphelo ngaphandle kwe-notch, ecwebezelayo ngaphezulu, okuluhlaza okotshani noma okugoqekile, phansi ngemisele engu-2 emhlophe ye-stomatal yemigqa engu-7-8, onqenqemeni omncane oluhlaza. Amatshe ayindilinga, 20-25 mm ubude, oblong; Isikali se-obovate, eside kunobubanzi, umugqa wonke.

Umuthi okhula ngokushesha kakhulu, ozinzile futhi omuhle, kepha kuphela ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi omningi nomswakama womoya, ezindaweni ezivikelwe umoya