Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-75 ezaziwayo zembali ye-knizofia engabonakala eSouth naseCentral Africa naseMadagascar, ezinye zikhula ezintabeni ukuphakama okukhulu - kuze kube ngu-4 km ukusuka olwandle.
Phakathi kwama-floriculturists wezwe lethu onolwazi akukho ukuvumelana ngokuthi kulula noma kunzima ukuhlakulela lezi zitshalo ezingapheli ezimweni zethu, kodwa labo abakwazile ukwenza lokhu bayakwazisa konke ukuthandwa kwabo. Ngokwesifunda esiphakathi kweRussia Federation, munye kuphela, ozinzile kakhulu, izinhlobo kufanelekile ngqo - iTukka knifofiya.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo
Knifofiya berry - Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu, ezinhlobonhlobo ezivela eSouth Africa. Kubonakala ngokukhula okukhulu kunakho konke (kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ama-2), amaqabunga ama-xiphoid grey-green green (ubude buyi-50 cm). Ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu wamakhorali, ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zinombala ophuzi.
Isiphelo sezimbali sihambisana nokulengiswa kwazo. Ubude be-inflorescence obukhulu obunjenge-spike cishe buba amasentimitha angama-25. Izimbali zihlala izinsuku ezingama-50-60, ziqala ngoJulayi.
Amabanga alandelayo we-berry knizofia adume kakhulu:
- Knifofia flamenco cishe imitha eyi-1 ukuphakama, nama-inflorescence amnyama abomvu aphuzi afana nezibani ezinamalangabi;
- Knifofiya popsicle ukuphakama okufanayo nangombala ongajwayelekile we-inflorescence (umbala ophuzi ngezansi, owolintshi noma obomvu we-coral ngaphezulu);
- Amangale uKnifofiya ama-flaunts anemibala ekhanyayo emnyama (izingxenye eziphansi zezimbali) kanye no-cream ophuzi (phezulu).
I-Hybrid Knifophia ifaka uhla olucatshangwayo lwamafomu nezinhlobonhlobo ezithathwe ku-berry knifofiya.
Okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi:
- Knifofia alcazar 90 cm ukuphakama, ngama-inflorescence e-orange;
- Isimenywa sakwa-Knifofia Afrika okuyingxube ye-burgundy, maroon, inflorescences ephuzi ne-pink, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2 ukuphakama;
- Knifofiya bengal umlilo ukukhula okufanayo, okune-inflorescences encane ebomvu, yamakhorali nephuzi yohlobo lwespanishi noma olubunjiwe;
- Knifofia Fleming Torch kufika ku-60 cm ukuphakama, ube nezimbali ezibomvu-ophuzi;
- Knifophia Amazing Fan ngaphezu kwamamitha amade, nezimbali ezincane ezibomvu zewolintshi kuma-sultanate noma spike-shaped inflorescence (baphenduka ophuzi ngemuva kokuqhakaza).
Knifofiya Tukka Yizinhlobo ezilwa kakhulu nezimo zezulu eziphikisayo, okuyinto, ngokukhula okungamamitha ayi-1, inikezwa ukumelana nesithwathwa nokumelana nezinguquko ezibukhali ekushiseni.
Ama-spikelets ayo ama-inflorescence, aqukethe izimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo, afinyelela ubude obungu-20 cm, amaqabunga - 40. Le bloizofiya iqhakaza isikhathi esingangenyanga kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Unconyelwe ukulinyelwa endaweni yesimo sezulu esipholile.
Ukutshala kwe-Knifofiya nokunakekela endaweni evulekile
Njengazo zonke ezinye izitshalo ezingafani nezinye, i-knifofiya yeza ezingadini zethu ivela emazweni ashisayo. Kulokhu, ukumtshala nokumnakekela kumele kuchazwe ngokuqinile. Ngaphandle kwe-knizofia eshiwo ngaphambili, kunconywa ukuthi kukhiqizwe ukhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho ihlobo lishisayo futhi ubusika bufudumele futhi bufushane.
Lapho usondela enyakatho, ikakhulukazi emendweni ophakathi nendawo, kuba nzima kakhulu ebusika lesi sitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile. Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokukhetha indawo efanelekile zingukukhanya okuhle nokungabikho kokungalungiswa.
U-Eremurus uyilungu lomndeni wakwa-Asphodel. Ikhula ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuningi, ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo kule ndatshana.
Ukunisela uKnifofiya
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, udinga ukulungiselela ukuwanisela kakhulu i-knifofiya ukuze ukuqhakaza kwayo kube mnandi, futhi amahlamvu amnandi.
Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ekuseni, uqaphela isikhathi sokuphumula sezinsuku ezi-4-7. Hhayi izikhathi ezomile kakhulu, isitshalo sisonke siyabekezelela kahle.
Umbhalo wokuqala we-Knifophia
Izidingo zenhlabathi zingukuzala, umswakama omuhle kanye nomoya. Ukususwa kwamanzi kungqubuzene ngokuphelele, ngoba ukumanzana ezimweni eziningi kuholela ekuwohlokeni kohlelo lwezimpande.
Ngaphezu kwalokho inhlabathi enesihlabathi evulekile eyamukelwe kahle yamukelwa kuphela, futhi ungavimbela ukuhwamuka ngokweqile komswakama ngokufaka umhlaba endaweni engaba nesiqu noma ngamatshe amatshe abunjiwe.
Ukufakelwa kuka Knifofiya
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kuphela uma kunezinkinga zokukhula, noma kukhona isifo.
Kwi-knifofii le nqubo ngokwayo ibuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kokuphuthumayo ayenziwa.
Umanyolo we-knifofiya
Ukuzondla njalo kuzosiza ukukhulisa ivolumu yezimbali futhi kuvuse ukukhula.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kufanele ondle ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngaphambi kokutshala udinga ukufaka into e-organic (ngokuzayo, ukwethulwa kwayo nakho ngeke kube ngaphezulu - minyaka yonke entwasahlobo). Lapho nje ukuqhakaza sekudlulile, kwethulwa umanyolo we-potash noma umlotha.
Isikebhe
Ukuthena lapho kukhula endaweni evulekile kuyadingeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngemuva kokuthi impahla esemboziwe isusiwe. Lapho izihlahla, wonke amahlamvu aphuzi futhi athintekile kubanda ayasuswa.
Ngemuva kokuphela kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, iziqu zezimbali zisikwa empandeni, zinganaki imbewu (akunakuzuzwa ngokuphelele ekuqoqeni imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid, ngoba izimfanelo zezinhlobo zezitshalo zomama azizuzwanga njengefa).
Izimbali ze-knifofiya
Ukuqhakaza kukaKlifofiya kukhethekile! Amahlumela aqhakaza kancane kancane, futhi angaqala kusuka kumahlosi aphansi noma angaphezulu, kuya ngezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo. Okunye okumangazayo kwama-inflorescence ayo amandla abo okushintsha umbala wependi.
Uhlobo ngalunye / izinhlobonhlobo zinombala wokuqala (isibonelo, obomvu), ogcina ushintsha uye kwesinye (ngokwesibonelo, owolintshi), ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.
Knifofiya ubusika
Ezindaweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene, ubusika be-knizofia buhlelwe ngezindlela ezihlukile. Eningizimu, iyakwazi ukuvuna emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela uma kunendawo yokukhosela. Baqala ukuyilungiselela ekwindla, bahlanganisa amahlamvu ukuze umswakama ungakwazi ukungena ezingubeni, ufafaze ngamahlamvu.
Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amagatsha e-spruce kanye nokufakwa kwefilimu, kepha esimeni sakamuva, izimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane kufanele zenziwe ngaphandle kokuhluleka, yize kwesinye isikhathi zinqunyelwe ekucindezeleni ifilimu kuphela ebusweni benhlabathi ngokwakhiwa kwezikhala. Lezi zinyathelo zizothuthukisa umkhawulo wokubekezelela isithwathwa yi-sitshalo kuya ku -15 ℃.
Enyakatho, kunoma yisiphi isimo akunakwenzeka ukushiya i-knifophia ebusika ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile - bayayikhipha, bayifaka esitsheni esinezakhi zomzimba kanye nesendlalelo esihle sokudonsa, bese beyidlulisela egumbini. Ukushisa ngesikhathi sasebusika kuleli cala kugcinwa ku +8 ℃. Ukufika okubuyayo kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka isimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho usongo lwama-frost wokubuya ladlula ngokuphelele.
I-Knifofiya ekhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Indlela yembewu yokukhula kwe-knifofiya ifaka ukuthengwa kwezimbewu ezintsha ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili:
- Okokuqala, isitshalo esivela eningizimu asisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imbewu engavuthwa ngesikhathi emgqeni ophakathi.
- Okwesibili, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, izinhlobo ze-hyifofiya e-hybrid azidlulisi izimfanelo zazo ngembewu.
Izinqubo zokuhlwanyelwa zenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisi iziqukathi ezijulile ezigcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi evulekile neyokhanyayo. Ukujula akudingeki, imbewu imane nje isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu komhlaba omanzi we-substrate, ifafazwe kancane, embozwe ngefilimu futhi ibekwe endaweni efudumele nelenziwe kahle.
Amahlumela kufanele avele emavikini angama-2-3. Ngokuphakamisa ifilimu ngezikhathi ezithile, ungajwayela izitshalo ngokuya ezimeni zamakamelo ngezikhathi ezithile, kuthi lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-3, kufanele atshalwe ezimbizeni ezihlukile.
Ukusakazwa kwe-knifophia ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ukuzalela ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla kuyilungele kakhulu indawo ephakathi yeRussia Federation. Ngenkathi imbewu ingahambelani, ikhophi ehlukanisiwe izokujabulisa ngonyaka olandelayo ngobukhazikhazi bezimbali.
Ukwahlukaniswa komhlaba kuthathwa vele ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, bemba lesi sitshalo sabazali besebenzisa ummese obukhali ukuhlukanisa ama-rosette endodakazi akhiwa ngokungemthetho kwamaqabunga aphansi. Isilayi sesomile kancane, sifafazwe ngamalahle futhi emva kwamahora ambalwa isitshalo sitshalwe endaweni engapheli.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukuhluka kwe-knifophia kufanele futhi kufake inani eliphakeme lezehlakalo. Uma ulandela yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ugule, kepha noma kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuthi kube nokuncipha kokulimala kwamaqabunga ngezinambuzane ezihlwayile.
Ezimweni ezinje, amasongo wokufafaza wezinambuzane. Futhi, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukufaka amanzi kwenhlabathi kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhlakulela ukubola kwezimpande, okusiza ama-fungicides kusize ukuqeda hhayi amazinga akhula kakhulu entuthuko (izitshalo ezigula kakhulu kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha engadini yezimbali ukugwema ukutheleleka kwabantu abasondelene nayo).
