I-Actinidia ibhekisela ezitshalweni ze-lianoid, ezinesiqu esinamandla njengesihlahla nenqwaba yamaqabunga amakhulu. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, yi-colomiktin actinidia ejwayelekile, ukutshala nokunakekelwa okuyikho okuphathelene nesifunda saseMososes nengxenye esenyakatho yeRussia. Lesi sitshalo saziwa nangokuthi amagilebhisi asenyakatho, wona awathola ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle kwezithelo ngamagilebhisi. Ikhule hhayi ukuthola amajikijolo kuphela, kodwa futhi njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa.
Izici ze-actinidia colomict
Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ze-actinidia ziyabekezelela ubusika obukhulu. Yinhlobo ye-actinidia colomict engumholi ekulweni neqhwa. Iyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-35 degrees. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lokuthi ukutshala nokunakekela i-colomict actinidia kwenzeka kanjani e-Urals, kanye naseSiberia, kumane kudingekile kubanikazi bezindlu zangasese abafuna ukukhulisa isitshalo esingajwayelekile esizeni sabo. Lapho isitshalo sithintwa yiqhwa lasentwasahlobo, siyaphola ngokushesha, sikhulule amahlamvu emigqeni yokulala.
Ubulili be-actinidia abuguquki kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ukuthola isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu nenothile, kunconywa ukugcina izimpande zabesifazane ezi-5 nezimpande zabesilisa ezi-2 esizeni esisodwa.
I-Actinidia colomict, ezithelo zayo inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ascorbic acid, izoba wusizo olukhulu kubantu. Ama-100 g amajikijolo afaka ngaphezu kwe-1 000 mg lale vithamini elibalulekile. Ukuthola umthamo we-vithamini C nsuku zonke, vele udle amajikijolo amabili e-actinidia. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi unyaka umuntu adinga kuphela ama-1.5 kg amajikijolo.
Esimemezelweni saba balimi, kuye kwaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sitshalo asithintwa izinambuzane, basidlula, okusho ukuthi ngeke kudlule imali eyengeziwe emzabalazweni.
I-Actinidia colomict, incazelo yebanga:
- Isitshalo se-perennial esinesiqu esivunguzayo, esikwazi ukufaka isisekelo esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-8.
- Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-30.
- Isikhathi sezimbali sesihambile - maphakathi noJuni. Izinga lokushisa lezimbali ezijwayelekile akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-0 degrees. Izimbali zokuqala zivela kuphela eminyakeni eyi-4-5 yokuphila kwesitshalo. Izilokazana zabesilisa zinezimbali eziqhakazileyo, nezimbali zabesifazane nazo ngesipunu esikhulu.
- Ukuvula kabusha kwenzeka ngoSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinombala oluhlaza omnyama, onesakhiwo esithambile nesobuthakathaka. Isivuno esivela esihlahleni esisodwa simayelana ne-1-2 kg.
- Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu noma kumnandi, nokunambitheka kaphayinaphu.
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
Ngaphambi kokukhetha indawo yokutshala i-actinidia colomict, kuyadingeka ukutadisha izici zayo eziphambili:
- i-liana ihlala yelula, ezinye izinkomba zifinyelela ekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha ayi-8;
- Uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo lusondele ebusweni.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici, udinga ukukhetha indawo yokukhula. Ngalezi zinhloso, izindawo ezinombala omncane zilungile, lapho kuzoba khona isikhala esiningi sokukhula kwamahhala kwesitshalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amahlumela amaningi aseceleni azokwakha kuwo. I-Actinidia ayithandi inhlabathi eyomiswe ngokweqile, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa kufanele kugadwe ngokucophelela.
Inketho engcono kakhulu ukutshala i-Actinidia eduze kocingo noma eduze kwanoma yiziphi izakhiwo. Kulokhu, ngeke uthole kuphela amajikijolo anempilo, kepha futhi uthole isitshalo sokuhlobisa umhlobiso kocingo. Ukuphela kwento okufanele icatshangelwe yindawo yomsele, ngoba lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, njengezinhlabathi ezomile.
Ukutshala i-Actinidia eduze kwezihlahla zensimu akukalulekanga, ngoba kuzomane nje kuzivale. Ibanga elincanyana phakathi komvini nezihlahla kufanele libe ngu-6-7 m.
Izidingo zenhlabathi
I-Actinidia ikhula kahle emhlabathini ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhi ezifana ne-nitrogen ne phosphorus. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukulahla ukutshalwa kwemivini ezinsweni zenhlabathi ye-alkaline, lolu hlobo alulungele ngokuphelele. Inketho engcono kakhulu inhlabathi ene-acidic noma kancane ene-acidic, mhlawumbe engathathi hlangothi. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kumele kube kukhululeke, kepha kungabi nesihlabathi. Izinhlabathi zobumba nazo azilungele ukutshala lesi sitshalo.
Ezindaweni ezinamanzi asondelene komhlaba, akunconywa ukutshala i-actinidia, ngoba umswakama owedlulele ungawulimaza.
Ukutshala i-Actinidia colomicta
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-actinidia colomicta eSiberia zithandwa kakhulu. Ukutshala kungenziwa zombili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ngemuva kwamaqhwa noma ngaphambi kokuba zivele.
Umgodi (50 * 50 * 50) ulungiselelwe ukutshala i-Actinidia, ngokubekwa kokuqala kongqimba lwamanzi. Ngaye, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa i-gravel, itshe elichobozekile noma isitini esaphukile. Isendlalelo esinjalo kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-10 cm. Ngemuva kwaso, inhlabathi engadini imbozwe izingqimba ze-humus ezomile.
Uma isiza sisenomhlabathi osindayo, kufakwa isihlabathi kohlaka lwamanzi. I-Ash (1 kg), superphosphate (0.2 kg) ne-potassium sulfate (0.1 kg) nayo ingafakwa enhlabathini yengadi.
Ukugcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba, kwakhiwa indunduma encane enkabeni yayo, lapho ibekwa khona i-actinidia. Ukuze izimpande ezincane zingoma futhi azihlaselwa izinambuzane, zigxunyekwa kubumba lobumba ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ekupheleni kokutshala, lesi yisithombo siyaniselwa (ngesilinganiso samabhakede ama-2 esihlahleni esi-1.), Futhi umhlaba ozungezile umfushane. Umsuka wempande kufanele ugcwale nangaphezulu komhlaba.
Umgodi ozungeze isihlahla akufanele wenziwe ngaphandle kokuqongelela amanzi emvula kuwo.
Nakekela i-actinidia colomicta
Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo kanye nokwakheka kokubukeka kokuhlobisa kwesitshalo, kufanele kunakekelwe kahle.
I-Actinidia colomicta, ukunakekelwa kanye nezigaba zayo eziyinhloko:
- Ukuchelela kuvame, kepha ngaphandle kokwakheka kokuqina kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale ugcina umswakama wenhlabathi, ngoba izimpande zesitshalo azixakile. Ekukhulekeni okujwayelekile kwengxenye yezitshalo, okuwumbala omanzi kuyadingeka, ngakho-ke, uma kushisa, kunconywa ukufafaza amaqabunga ngamanzi, mhlawumbe kabili ngosuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa.
- Ukudla kwezitshalo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe ukumfakwa kwe-mullein exutshwe namanzi engxenyeni engu-1: 10. Ungasebenzisa futhi ezinye izinhlobo zomanyolo wamaminerali.
- Ukuze inhlabathi ingome, kunconywa ukuyiguqula, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zalokhu. Indlela elula futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke ukugcwalisa umhlaba nge-sawdust.
- I-Colomict actinidia ehlukahlukene, ukutshala nokunakekela ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba naseSiberia kuhlinzeka nendawo yayo yokuhlala ebusika.
Ukunciphisa i-actinidia nokuthi kungani kudingeka
Ukuthena isitshalo kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali noma ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, lapho wonke amahlamvu esewile. Entwasahlobo, phakathi nenkathi ye-juicing, ukuthenwa akunconywa, ngoba lesi sitshalo singase sibe buthaka noma sife ngokuphelele ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ujusi. Ukuthena i-actinidia kuhlanganisa ukunciphisa isitshalo, kanye nokuthena amagatsha abuthakathaka futhi omisiwe.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-actinidia colomicta
Ukutshala kwe-actinidia colomicta futhi kuyinakekela nakho kusho ukubumbeka kwayo, okuhlukahlukene kwako kuya esifundeni lapho ikhula khona, indawo okutshalwa kuyo nohlobo lwe-trellis.
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, i-actinidia ikhula ngesimo sesihlahla esise-trellis ngokwakha abalandeli. Kulokhu, kukhethwa amahlumela aphambili angu-3-4, okuzoba yimikhono yalowo fan. Ngo-ekwindla, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ingaphezulu liyagoqwa lifinyelele ezingeni lomvini oluqinile, ngenxa yokuthi amagatsha awo azokhula ngonyaka olandelayo. Njengoba bekhethe okunamandla kakhulu kusuka kulezi amahlumela, baboshwe nge-trellis, ngesiqondisi ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, amagatsha afinqiwe akhula elungele ukuthela izithelo. Baboshwe baqondile. Ngonyaka, amahlumela azovela futhi phezu kwawo, azodinga ukuboshwa njengasesimweni esithe xaxa, asakaze ngezindlela ezihlukile. Amahlumela asevele esevundisiwe, kunconyelwa ukuba anciphise ngama-5 e-buds, abale kusukela kwi-berry ephezulu.
