I-Artichoke isitshalo esingajwayelekile esinegama elingajwayelekile futhi nezinhlobo ezingejwayelekile. Wonke umuntu wezwa ngaye, kodwa bambalwa ababenethuba lokuhlangana naye uqobo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona. Futhi ukukhula… Le nqubo ibhekwa njengeingenakwenzeka futhi inzima nakancane. Eqinisweni, azikho izinkinga nge-artichoke ekhulayo.
Izithelo, imifino, hybrid?
I-artichoke isitshalo esi-herbaceous futhi ingeyomndeni wakwa-Astrov. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi simangaliso iziqhingi zaseCanary kanye nogu lweMedithera. Ingatholakala naseMelika, lapho isikhathi eside ibithathwa ukhula. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, lesi sitshalo sanqoba iNyakatho Afrika, iYurophu, iNingizimu Melika neCalifornia futhi saqala hhayi ukuthi sikhule kuphela, kodwa futhi siyadliwa.
Futhi nokho, ibukeka kanjani i-artichoke? Hhayi-ke, ulibonile ikhakhayini? Nakhu okufana naye. Lokhu akuyona into edlula nje ihlumela lembali engaphukile, equkethe izinambuzane eziningi ezinamanzi, ezingena ekudleni.
Izici ezihlukile zesikhathi sonyaka yilezi: impande yesiqu ebekezelela kahle ubusika, amaqabunga amakhulu e-lobed, isiqu esiqondile, ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Futhi, ama-inflorescence amakhulu, afinyelela ku-12 cm ubukhulu, afana nobhasikidi ombozwe ukubukeka izikali eziningi. Uma sivumela ukuqhakaza kwesitshalo, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kuvuleka ngokubonakala kwezimbali ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izimangaliso zokuzalela
I-Artichoke isakaza ngezindlela ezimbili: kusuka kwimbewu nezinqubo zezimpande. Ukuhlakulela i-artichoke ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha nasezindaweni ezisenkabeni neRussia kwenziwa kangcono ngezithombo. Futhi ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ungasebenzisa indlela yokutshala.
Ukubekwa kwezimpande
Uma i-artichoke ingumuntu omdala, ke ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, uyakwazi ukukhiqiza izinqubo zezimpande. Uma uzihlukanisa, uzitshale ngendlela efanele futhi uzikhulise ngokunakekelwa, zizokhulisa izitshalo ezigcwele ngokuphelele. Ngokutshala, khetha ukukhula okuncane, okuthole amaqabunga amathathu aqinile, futhi kuhlukanise ngokucophelela inqubo esitshalweni sikamama. Okulandelayo, izinqubo zitshalwa emhlabathini njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla futhi uzinakekele.
Kukhula i-artichoke kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Sinesitshalo esingavamile, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthola izitho zembewu kunamabhishi amadala.
Njengomthetho, bathengisa imbewu ye-artichoke ngama-pc ayi-15. kwiphakeji elilodwa. Ukuhlwanyelwa kuqala ngesonto lokuqala likaMashi, ungakhohlwa ukuzilungiselela ngoFebhuwari. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka imbewu esitsheni, ugcwalise ngamanzi bese ushiya amahora angu-10-12 kuze kube yilapho edala.
Thatha amanzi endaweni yokushisa noma yegumbi lokushisa ehlanzekile.
Ngokulandelayo, imbewu ibekwa endwangu, igoqwe kuyo, ifilimu ilimele phezulu bese ithunyelwa izinsuku ezinhlanu endaweni efudumele. Lapho izimbewu zidonsa, isikhwama sembewu sithunyelwa amasonto amabili esiqandisini, eshalofini elingaphansi.
Le nqubo yokulungiselela ibizwa ngokuthi i-stratification futhi ingakhuphula kakhulu amathuba okuqhakaza nezithelo khona kanye ngonyaka wokutshala.
Ukulungiselela Okwehlayo Nokuhlwanyela
Isigaba esilandelayo ekukhuleni kwe-artichoke silungiselela isitsha lapho izithombo sezithombo zizotshalwa khona. Kufanele kube ngamabhokisi kasayizi afanele wena. Okokuqala, ukudonswa kwamanzi kuthululelwa phansi, kanti ngaphezulu kuyindawo enesihlabathi esifakiwe, umhlaba wesod ne-humus, othathwe ngokulinganayo. Izakhi ezixutshwe ngokuphelele kufanele zitholwe.
Ama-grooves enziwe phezu kwenhlabathi enobukhulu be-1-1,5 cm, lapho imbewu ibekwa khona, izibeka kude ne-3-4 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukusuka ngenhla, imbewu imbozwe ngomhlaba hhayi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm. Akufanele ukwenza i-greenhouse noma ukumboza ngengilazi nefilimu. Into esemqoka okufanele ilawulwe - umswakama wenhlabathi - akufanele ukome.
Amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lapho kukhiwa iqabunga lokuqala, kungakuhle ukuthi kwandise isibani sangemuva futhi sinciphise amazinga okushisa abe ngama-degrees ayi-15. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iziqu zesitshalo zizolula. Ukuchelela kufanele kube okulinganiselayo, ngoba i-artichoke ayithandi izinyawo ezimanzi.
Ukukhahlela nokunakekela
Uma imbewu itshalwe emgqonyeni owodwa, kufanele ihlutshulwe, okungcono kumabhodwe we-peat ka-0.5 l, egcwele ingxube ye-humus, umhlaba nesihlabathi.
Ukuze ungalimazi izitshalo, kudingeka ukunisela isitsha esikhulu bese kuphela ukukhula okuncane.
Kwenziwa umgodi omncane enhlabathini, ihlumela lokuqala liyakhipha, impande ephakathi iboshwe kulo futhi itshalwe ebhodweni. Izithombo ezinamanzi zithunyelwa endaweni ekhanyayo neyifudumele.
Emavikini amabili emva kokutshala, izitshalo zivundiswa nge-mullein zihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10, bese kuthi emuva kwamanye amasonto amabili kube nomanyolo wezimbiwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, kungenzeka ukuba lukhuni izilwane ezincane ngokuzikhipha imizuzu embalwa ziye emgaqweni futhi zande le nkathi zibe amahora ayi-10, ungakhohlwa ukuzivikela elangeni nasemvuleni.
Ukufika kwangaphandle
Manje cabanga ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani i-artichoke emhlabathini ovulekile. Kutshalwe maphakathi no-Meyi emithambekeni eseningizimu, lapho kunenhlabathi enempilo futhi enomoya.
Uma lesi sitshalo siya ukondla izilwane, sitshalwe engadini, ngemuva kokumba inhlabathi bese sengeza i-superphosphate, i-humus ne-potassium sulfate enanini lika-0,2 kg, 10 kg no-40 g, ngokulandelana, nge-1 m2. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwakha imibhede engu-20 cm ubude obude bemitha ukusuka komunye nomunye. Izitshalo zitshalwa ukuze kube khona ibanga elingama-80 cm phakathi kwazo.Izilwane ezincane ezitshaliwe ziyaniselwa futhi zifakwe ngotshani noma ngotshani obomile.
Uma i-artichoke ikhule ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa, itshalwa lapho kunganakekelwa khona kahle, ngokwesibonelo, engadini noma etshanini bangaphambili. Ngasikhathi sinye, umgodi ulungiswa ekujuleni okungamasentimitha angama-50 no-70 ububanzi, kwethulwa ingxube yomquba womhlabathi we-turf, kuthi izithombo zitshalwe kude nobude be-1.5 m phakathi kwezimpawu. Phezulu ukufeza mulching ngotshani.
Ukuvuna nokulondolozwa kwayo
Ngokuyisisekelo, izithelo zesitshalo zingavunwa kuphela ngonyaka wesibili. Ukuthatha unyaka wokuqala akuvamile. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza ama-peduncle, lawo emasontweni amabili asekulungele ukusikwa.
Ama-Buds avuthwa ngezindlela ezahlukile, ngakho-ke yilowo nalowo udinga ukulawula okuhlukile.
Nquma ukuthi ukusika imbali noma cha kungenzeka yini esikalini esingaphezulu. Njengoba beqala ukwenzeka futhi beguqa - isikhathi sesifikile. Uma ingaphezulu lembali lihlotshiswe ngemifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - uphuthelwe yisikhathi, ihlumela seligcwele futhi awukwazi ukulidla.
Udinga ukusika i-artichoke ngesiqu, ushiye “umsila” ongama-4-5 cm. Ngokuqondene nokuphila eshalofini, ziyahlukahluka kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya kwayi-12 ngokuya ngezimo zokugcina.
Naphezu kokusuka kwayo okungajwayelekile, i-artichoke ayikho nzima ukuyitshala izingadi zethu. Manje usuyazi ukuthi ikhula kuphi i-artichoke, ungayikhulisa kanjani futhi uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala lesi sitshalo ekhaya lakho, itafula lakho lizophinde ligcwaliswe ngezitsha ezahlukahlukene ezivela kumkhiqizo omnandi futhi onempilo.
