Umanyolo owaziwa kakhulu wamaminerali

Imvamisa abalimi, besebenzisa umanyolo enhlabathini, bafuna, okokuqala, ukuthola ukwanda kwezithelo zesitshalo esithile. Vele, ngaphezu kwalokhu, baphinde bathande ukungasebenzi kwezitshalo futhi bathuthukise nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo senhlabathi, okungukuthi, izinzuzo ezingeziwe ezingangabazeki. Kepha umphumela onjalo onzima ungaba kuphela uma umanyolo ehlangene kahle, imithamo yawo ibalwa kahle, isikhathi nezindlela zokusebenzisa umanyolo emhlabathini zikhethwe kahle. Kulesi sisetshenziswa sizokhuluma ngomanyolo owaziwa kakhulu wamaminerali asetshenziswa kwiziza zasendlini, izici zawo nezindlela zokusebenzisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wezimbiwa.

Amanani womanyolo aqakathekile empumelelweni

Ungacabangi ukuthi amanyolo amaningi amaminerali afakwe enhlabathini yengadi yakho, izitshalo zizoba ngcono, ngokwesibonelo, imithamo eyeqile ye-sodium nitrate noma leyo engenabungozi, ebonakala ilamula, ingaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-calcium emhlabathini futhi ibangele ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-magnesium . Ngokuntuleka kwe-magnesium kanye ne-calcium eningi emhlabathini, imifino ingaqala ukulahlekelwa ngamahlamvu, izithelo zingashintsha umbala, i-discolor, izindawo ezimnyama zivame ukwakhiwa maphakathi nezithelo, uganga lwazo, kuthi izicubu ziyafa.

Kuliqiniso, ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco emhlabathini nakho kuthinta kabi izitshalo, izitshalo ziyalamba indlala, ukungavikeleki kwabo kwenza buthaka, baphelelwa ukubekezelela isomiso, ubunzima busika, bavame ukugula futhi bathinteke kakhulu yizilokazane.

Imvamisa lapho kuhlanganiswa kwanoma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali igama lawo, ifomula yomanyolo, nokuthi yiphi (iyiphi) into eyinhloko futhi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa njengezinto ezengeziwe, kumele zikhonjiswe. Kukhona incwadi ebekiwe emaphaketheni ngokuya lapho inani lesicelo lingabalwa.

Ngaphezu kokwakheka, noma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali uhlukaniswa ngekhono lawo eliyindalo lokucibilikisa emanzini noma ukuqongelela umswakama. Yazi ukuthi ukuphakama kokuqina kwe-hygroscopicity, okungukuthi, lapho umanyolo osebenza ngokwengeziwe umunxa womswakama ngenkathi ugcinwa, amagremu (ngokuvamile umanyolo wamaminerali awukugaya nje kuphela) kuzodonsa ngokushesha, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi azolahlekelwa yizindawo zawo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuphatha kuphela ngezinto eziphilayo?

Imvamisa, kusukela kubatshali bemifino ungezwa ukuthi ukuze kube khona okugcwele nokusungulwa kwezithelo zemifino, kwanele ukusebenzisa kuphela "eziphilayo", kepha umanyolo wezimbiwa uvunyelwe ukuthi ungasebenzisi nhlobo, noma ngemithamo emincane.

Kumanyolo we-organic engadini, umquba wezinkomo (umjikijolo, okhulumayo, umquba ojikelezayo), amaconsi enkukhu (ehlanjululwe ngo-15, futhi okungenani amahlandla angama-20), kanye nesikhulumi okuthiwa satholakala ekuvuthweni kukamanyolo oluhlaza (ukhula, izimbabazane, njll) zivame ukusetshenziswa. ) Kodwa-ke, ingabe lezo zinto eziphilayo kuphela ezokwanela izitshalo zemifino? Uhlobo luni lomanyolo? Ngaphandle kokungabaza, umanyolo we-organic wecebo elihlanganisiwe, eliqukethe, ngaphezu kokuphambili ezintathu, cishe zonke izinto zethebula lesikhathi, noma kunjalo, imithamo yalezi zinto ekwakhiweni kwe-organic imvamisa imincane. Okusho ukuthi, kuyindaba yokukhetha umthamo ophelele wezinto eziphilayo, okukhona noma okungeke kwenzeke njalo ukwenza.

Funda izinto zethu: Umanyolo we-Organic: izinhlobo, uhlelo lokusebenza, amaphutha.

Ahlanganisani umanyolo wezimbiwa?

Ngokuqondene namanyolo wamaminerali, kulula kakhulu ukubala umthamo wokufaka, ngaphezu kwalokho, la manyolo enezinto ezichazwe ngokuqinile ezintweni eziqoqiwe ngqo, imvamisa ukwakheka kungokwasisekelo futhi kuqukethe into eyodwa noma inani lezinto eziyisisekelo nenani elithile lokungcola.

Bahlukaniswe ngamanyolo wezimbiwa zohlobo olulula nolunzima. Umanyolo wohlobo lokuqala awudingi into eyodwa, kukhona nezinye ezengeziwe (ngamanani amancane) asebenza njengabasizi. Umanyolo wohlobo lwesibili imvamisa une-pair noma ngaphezulu kwezinto eziphambili ngamanani abalulekile nezinye eziningana ezengeziwe.

Umanyolo wamaminerali ususelwa ezintweni ezijwayelekile: i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingxenye kwesinye isikhathi zihlanganiswa, bese kuthi umanyolo ubizwe ngokuthi yinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwemvelo, inani lezinto eziphambili lingahluka kakhulu.

Ama-nitrogen Fertilizer

Umanyolo wamaminerali, isakhi esiyinhloko saso yi-nitrogen, singaba sesimweni se-nitrate, isibonelo, i-calcium nitrate, ifomu le-ammonia yi-ammonium sulfate, ngefomu le-ammonium nitrate, futhi nangefomu le-amide elinjenge-urea elaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu.

Umehluko phakathi kwamafomu, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwento eyinhloko - ezinye izindlela zitholwa ngokuhlukile kungqimba lomhlabathi. Inhlabathi yamukela amafomu e-ammonium kanye ne-ammonia ngendlela ekhuthele, umanyolo wefomu le-nitrate nawo umatasa ngentshiseko, kepha ungahlanzwa uphume enhlabathini ngokushesha okukhulu, ongagcini kahle ngenxa yezitshalo.

Ukukhetha indlela efanele yomanyolo, kufanele wazi uhlobo lomhlabathi engadini yakho. Isibonelo, inhlabathi ye-sod-podzolic, evame ukuba nama-acidic, "bakhetha" amafomu e-nitrate ane-alkaline reaction, kepha emazweni lapho impendulo yawo ekuqaleni i-alkali noma kungathathi hlangothi, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise i-amide noma i-ammonium, engawavumela kancane.

Funda izinto zethu ezinemininingwane ephelele: Umanyolo weNitrogen.

Umanyolo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nitrogen:

Ammonium nitrate

Esikhundleni sokuqala, kusobala, i-ammonium nitrate, equkethe kusuka ku-26% (amamaki aphansi) kuya ku-34.4% (amamaki aphezulu) e-nitrogen kwifomu le-ammonia ne-nitrate. Ngokuvamile i-ammonium nitrate inesimo sempuphu; ingeniswa entwasahlobo imvamisa ngaphansi kokumba inhlabathi ngefosholo eligcwele.

Le Umanyolo yezimbiwa ilungele kahle zombili inhlabathi eminyene futhi okubi, kodwa elesibili ingamane isakazeke ngaphezulu. Lo manyolo usetshenziswa futhi ekuqaleni kwezimila zezitshalo zemifino ukukhuthaza umsebenzi wazo wokukhula..

Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi ngaphambi kokubeka embhedeni, kufanele kuhlanganiswe nefulawa ye-dolomite noma i-lime, imvamisa 1: 2, ngo-250 g we-ammonia silitra, 0.5 kg we-lime noma ufulawa uyadingeka. IBeetroot namazambane asabela kahle kulomanyolo, kepha lungasetshenziswa neminye imifino. Ngokuqondene nokuxuba, kwamukeleka ngokuphelele ukuxubana ne-potassium sulfate, ufulawa we-phosphoric, urea ne-potrateum nitrate.

Urea

I-Urea, noma i-urea, isetshenziswa engadini okungenani, ine-nitrogen engaba ngu-46%, isesimweni se-ammonia. Ungawusebenzisa lomanyolo wezimbiwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, futhi kusefomini elicibilikile ukuthi lo manyolo usebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu, ngoba lapho kufakwa owomile (amakristalu), ingxenyeni ebalulekile ye-nitrogen igezwa ngaphandle. Khumbula ukuthi i-urea ingakwazi ukufaka umhlabathi engadini.Ngakho-ke, ama-50 g we-urea adinga ukuchitha u-40 g we lime. Ngaphezu kwe-15 g ye-urea akufanele yengezwe ngemitha ngayinye yemibhede, uma kungenjalo, izitshalo zemifino zizosebenzisa iningi lezakhamzimba ekwakhekeni kwesisindo semifino ukuze kulimaze isivuno.

Ukusetshenziswa okwamukelekayo okuhlangene kwe-urea kanye ne-calcium nitrate, umquba wezinkomo ne-potassium sulfate.

Funda i-athikili yethu enemininingwane: Mayelana ne-urea ngemininingwane. Izici zokufaka isicelo amasiko ahlukahlukene.

Ama-phosphoric Fertilizer

Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhetha umanyolo we-phosphoric mineral, isibonelo, i-soluble yamanzi, okungukuthi, isheshe ifakwe izitshalo, isibonelo, i-superphosphate elula noma ephindwe kabili; ayinamanzi, kepha inyibilika kuma-asidi angenamandla afana ne-citric acid - ngokwesibonelo, isidlo samathambo nokuncibilikisa kuphela kuma-asidi aqinile - ngokwesibonelo ufulawa we-phosphorite.

Funda izinto zethu: Mayelana nomanyolo we-phosphorus ngokuningana.

Umanyolo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu phosphate

I-Superphosphate

I-Superphosphate isetshenziswa kaningi, ine-14 - 20% ye-phosphorus oxide edonswa izitshalo, kanye nemishubhu yesibabule ne-gypsum. Izinzuzo ze-superphosphate zifaka iqiniso lokuthi alicindezeli nakancane futhi liyoncibilika kalula.

Lo manyolo wamaminerali uthathwa njengomunye omuhle kakhulu wemifino, ukwethulwa kwayo kuphendula kahle: utamatisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane, isitshalo seqanda, u-anyanisi, izaqathe, iklabishi elimhlophe kanye nezitshalo ezihlaza ezinamahlamvu ezinhlobonhlobo.

Kungenzeka ukucebisa inhlabathi ngalomanyolo wamaminerali kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla lapho sekumba umhlaba, futhi futhi wengeze emhlabathini, ngokwesibonelo, lapho utshala izithombo. Ezithelweni zezitshalo zemifino ngemitha emitha ngayinye, akudingeki ukuba kube ngama-28 g we-superphosphate, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula sesihlahla ngasinye noma imitha ngayinye yesikwele (izilimo eziluhlaza) kutholakala kuphela ku-3.5-4 g. Qaphela ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-superphosphate kungaphambukisa i-pH yenhlabathi ku ohlangothini acidic ngaphezulu.

Funda imininingwane yethu eningiliziwe: Superphosphate - izinzuzo nokusetshenziswa.

Superphosphate kabili

I-Superphosphate iphindwe kabili, ibuye futhi ijwayeleke kakhulu, ingaqukatha kusuka ku-45 iye kuma-48% we-phosphorus oxide emunwa izitshalo kanye neminonjana ye-gypsum. Ngokwezinzuzo zomanyolo, kufanele kuqashelwe: ichitha kahle emanzini futhi igcinwa isikhathi eside ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubamba.

Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-superphosphate, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka umthamo owandayo we-phosphoric acid ekwakhiweni kwawo, ngakho-ke, ama-20 g nge-skwele esilinganayo anele izithombo, futhi kudingeka kuphela i-2 g esihlahleni sezilimo zemifino yabantu abadala noma ngemitha eyodwa yengadi eluhlaza.

Umanyolo wePotash

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iningi lamanyolo wamanyolo we-potash aqukethe i-chlorine, ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa komanyolo onjalo wezitshalo zemifino akwamukeleki.

Kubalulekile! Kodwa-ke, ungawanaki wonke umanyolo we-potash, ngenxa yokwesaba ukulimaza imifino, gcina ukhumbula ukuthi isabelo sebhubesi lezilimo sidinga kakhulu umanyolo onjalo, ikakhulukazi imifino enjengezitsha zetafula, izaqathe kanye namazambane kudinga i-potassium eningi ukuze ikhule ngokugcwele.

Funda impahla yethu: Mayelana nomanyolo we-potash ngokuningiliziwe.

Izichumiso ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zePotash

I-potassium sulfate

Ngokuvamile i-potassium sulfate isetshenziswa abalimi, kuyo cishe ama-50% ento esebenzayo; noma ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside, asicindezeli nhlobo, akukho chlorine elimazayo ekwakhiweni kwaso, umanyolo ulinyibilika ngokuphelele, abalimi babhekwa cishe abahamba phambili. Ukufaka lomanyolo wezimbiwa kuvunyelwe ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesizini, kanye naphakathi kwayo. Uhlelo lokusebenza olwamukelekayo oluhlanganiswe nomanyolo amaningi ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen.

Ash

Umanyolo wesibili wamaminerali osetshenziswa kakhulu one-potassium ngumlotha. Ngokuvamile, umlotha ungumanyolo wangempela we-multicomplex, uqukethe i-potassium ne-phosphorus ne-calcium, kune-magnesium, iron nezinye izinto, ayikho i-nitrogen yodwa.

Ububi bokhuni lomlotha ukuthi kungaba khona i-potassium eningi ekwakhiweni kwayo, futhi kuncane kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, umlotha ovela e-linden noma e-birch ovuthayo uqukethe i-potassium efinyelela ku-10,5%, kepha umlotha we-coniferous ucebile ku-calcium 20-40%, ne-potassium kuncane kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, umlotha onjalo ungacindezela umhlaba wensimu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngokuqondene nomlotha wonke, isingeniso sawo siyamukeleka kokubili njengomanyolo omkhulu wamaminerali futhi njengesengezekile. Ngokuphawuleka ikakhulukazi kuzoba wumphumela wokusebenzisa umlotha wezinkuni phakathi nokwakhiwa nenhlabathi esindayo, noma isiphi isikhathi sokufaka isicelo kungokwindla noma intwasahlobo, futhi umlotha ungafakwa futhi lapho sekutshala.

Utamatisi, ukhukhamba, iklabishi elimhlophe, amazambane, ama-beet asetafuleni, u-anyanisi kanye nezaqathe kusabela kahle ekusebenzeni kwenkuni yomlotha.

Funda izinto zethu: Umlotha wezinkuni - umanyolo wemvelo.

Umanyolo we-Multicomponent

Sizothinta izingoma ezinhlobonhlobo zamanyolo wamaminerali ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ngabalimi, okungukuthi, ekwakhiweni kwazo lapho kukhona izakhi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ngasikhathi sinye.

Funda izinto esizisebenzisa ngokuningiliziwe: Umanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izithako zemaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu

I-Nitroammofoska

Ibeka phezulu uhlu lwe-nitroammophosk, kuyo kuze kufike ku-16 - 17% we-nitrogen, cishe ama-24% we phosphorus, kancane ngaphansi kwe-potassium 16 - 28%. INitroammophoska i-soluble emanzini, ingasetjenziswa emhlabathini ohlukileko, kodwana nangabe umhlabathi ukhanya, ungcono - ekuthomeni kwesizini nokuphikisana nalokho, kanye nangesizini ephezulu.

Kahle kakhulu kulomanyolo wamaminerali uphendula utamatisi, amazambane, ama-beet beetle, ukhukhamba ngezinga elincane - ezinye izitshalo zemifino. Imvamisa, i-16-18 g yalomanyolo idliwa ngemitha yesikwele.

Ammofoska

I-Ammophoska isendaweni yesibili ifinyelela ku-12% i-nitrogen, i-15% phosphorus, i-15% potassium, cishe i-14% isibabule, kanti futhi ithola ne-calcium ne-magnesium. I-Ammophoska ithuthukisa inhlabathi ekuqaleni kwesizini, ekuphakameni kwayo nasekupheleni. I-Ammofoska ilungele izinhlobo eziningi zenhlabathi, ifaneleka ikakhulukazi emhlabathini we-saline.

Phendula kahle utamatisi we-ammophosque, ukhukhamba, u-anyanisi, izaqathe, buthaka kancane - eminye imifino.

I-Diammofoska

I-Diammofoska, kusuka kulokhu kuqina komanyolo wamaminerali amaningi asetshenziswa kancane, kufaka, ngokuya ngemaki echazwe ngumenzi (9-25-25 noma 10-26-26), 9 noma 10% nitrogen kwifomu le-ammonium, 25 noma 26% phosphorus oxide kanye ne-25 noma 26% potassium. Umanyolo lo futhi awunayo i-chlorine, ngakho-ke ungabondla ngemifino ngenkathi yonyaka.

Lo manyolo wamaminerali uvame ukusetshenziswa yilabo balimi abagcwalisa inhlabathi ngokukhululeka ngezinto ezi-organic, nokunye lo Umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuncane kwe-nitrogen ugcwalisa isakhi sezinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi, okwenza ucishe ube muhle. Ukuphela kwento edinga ukuqondakala ngokucacile: lapho isetshenziswa kuma-dachas, lapho ukuchelela kungavame ukwenziwa khona, noma enhlabathini owomile ngokweqile, lo manyolo kumele ulungiswe emhlabathini, kepha emhlabathini onomswakama obedlulele, ngapha, uwusakaze ebusweni.

Sichaze umanyolo wamaminerali asetshenziswa kakhulu. Uma unemibuzo noma imibono, silindele imibono yakho.