Indawo eyimpumputhe ekhonkolo eduze kwendlu - ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokwakho

Akukho sakhiwo esingakwenza ngaphandle kwesisekelo esithembekile esibamba isisindo saso futhi siqinisekise ubuqotho besakhiwo sonke, kepha futhi sidinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Uma kunesidingo, umuntu ngamunye angenza indawo eyimpumputhe ekhonkolo izungeze indlu ngezandla zabo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zabakhi abangochwepheshe. Le nqubo ayiyona eyinkimbinkimbi, kepha idinga ukuqaliswa ngokucophelela kwezidingo eziningi.

Izidingo zendawo eyimpumputhe, imithetho yokuhlela

Lo mklamo usebenza njengesivikelo esingeziwe sesisekelo sokwakha, uvimbela umphumela onakalisayo wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nemvelo. Ngokungeziwe ekuvikelweni, futhi yenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu - isakhiwo esinezindawo ezingaboni sithola ukubukeka okuphelele. Ngaphambi kokwehlukanisa izindawo eziyimpumputhe ngezandla zakho, udinga ukuzijwayela ngezidingo ezimbalwa:

1. Ububanzi kufanele bube ngama-200 mm ubukhulu kunobude bokubekwa ngaphezulu kophahla. Isidingo esihambisanayo silungiswa ku-SNiPu 2.02.01-83. Ukubala futhi kubheka okuswelayo nohlobo lomhlabathi. Imvamisa, ububanzi bendawo eyimpumputhe imitha eyodwa, lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuhamba kuyo, indawo eyimpumputhe yokhonkolo ezungeze indlu eyakhiwe kahle ngezandla zakho ingasebenza njengethrekhi.
2. Indawo eyimpumputhe ihlelwe kanye nalo lonke ubude besakhiwo, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ekuvikelweni okugcwele kwesisekelo. Okuhlukile yindawo ebekelwe ukuhlelwa kompheme ukhonkolo.
3. Ukudepha Ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwendawo eyimpumputhe yokhonkolo kuhlinzeka ngesidingo okungafanele singeqi ekujuleni kokuqandeka okuqhamuka esifundeni sakho ngokwesilinganiso sokujula.
4. Ukuqina. Isikhombi esincane lapho ukwakhiwa kuzosebenza khona kungu-70-100 mm. Uma uhlela ukukhuphula umthwalo wemishini ebusweni, khona-ke ukushuba kuyanda kufike ku-150 mm nangaphezulu.
5. Ukuphakama. Ngaphakathi kuka-200-500 mm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, kuya ngomthwalo olindelekile.
6. Ukuqagela. Le nkomba ilawulwa yizinkambiso ze-SNiP III-10-75 - ngaphakathi kwe-10-100 mm ngemitha yobubanzi (noma u-1-10%). Ukuze amanzi ahlukaniswe kahle esakhiweni, kufanele afakwe ohlangothini olusendlini. Ukuthambekela kukhuphuka uma inani elikhulu lezimvula libonakala esifundeni lapho ukwakhiwa kuqhubeka khona. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuthambeka okukhulu ngesikhathi se-icing kuzodala ukuphazamiseka.

Ukwakha ngempumelelo indawo engaboni, umdwebo kufanele wenziwe. Ungazibumba wena, ugxile kumaphrojekthi ajwayelekile, noma othintana nochwepheshe. Uma kunesidingo, singakhawulelwa nge-curb. Ukuba yinto yokuhlobisa, kukhulisa ubuqotho besakhiwo futhi kuvikela ukungena kwezimpande zezihlahla noma zezihlahla.

Imingcele iyaphoqeleka uma udala indawo engaboni ngasendlini ukusuka ekuhlolweni noma emfucumfucwini, futhi uma kuyi-popula, isihlahla sendiza, okusajingijolo kanye nojikijolo kukhula eduzane.

Izinto ze-DIY zokwakha izindawo ezingaboni ngokhonkolo endlini

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, udinga ukulungiselela zonke izinto ezidingekayo nomdwebo. Isisekelo kufanele siqiniswe ngokulandelana, kepha inqubo yonke kufanele ithathe isikhathi esincane. Ezimweni eziningi, lapho uqamba iphrojekthi, ungasebenzisa indawo ejwayelekile yezindawo eziyimpumputhe eyenziwe ngokhonkolo, wenza ushintsho kuhlelo ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zesifunda sakho. Uzodinga izinto ezilandelayo:

1. Ikhonkolo. Umxube obangelwayo kufanele uhlangane nezimpawu zesigaba kusuka ku-B3.5 kuya ku-B8. Uma sekudaliwe, okuhamba phambili kuzoba usimende grade M 400.
2. Isihlabathi. Njengomcamelo, ungasebenzisa umfula noma isihlabathi se-metry. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo lapho kuhlanganiswa ingxube kufanele zithambe, ukutholakala kokungcola okukhulu akuvunyelwe.
3. Itshe elichotshoziwe noma amatshe. Ingxenyeni yamatshe echobozekile yendawo eyimpumputhe yendlu - 10-20. Kusetshenziswa njenge-filler yokuxubana ukhonkolo, noma njengezinto eziyinhloko.
4. Clay noma geotextiles. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa lokhu ekuhlelweni kwezindawo eziyizimpumputhe zokhonkolo ngezandla zakho ukuze zivikeleke ngokwengeziwe emswakama, kubalulekile ezifundeni ezinomswakama omkhulu.

Uhlobo lukakhonkolo lunqunywa ngohlobo lukakhonkolo olusetshenzisiwe namandla adonsela phansi alo njengephesenti lezinto zodaka. Isixazululo esihle kungaba usimende we-M400 Portland. Usimende osetshenzisiwe kumele ube musha. Uma i-powder yakha izigaxa ngesikhathi sokucindezelwa esandleni, khona manjalo izoba yinto engabonakali. Uhlobo lukakhonkolo olukhethiwe luxhomekeke kubukhulu obuhleliwe bendawo engaboni eyenziwe ngokhonkolo. Izindlela zokuxuba ezinconyiwe 1 m³ ikhambi:

• amanzi - 190 l;
• i-filler (i-screening noma itshe elichobozekile) - 0,8 m³;
• isihlabathi - 0.5 m³
• amapulasitiki (ingilazi yamanzi nokunye) - 2.4 l;
• usimende - 320 kg.

Lapho ubala ubukhulu bendawo eyimpumputhe ezungeze indlu, inani elidingekayo lezinto zokwakha kufanele lilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela ukulethwa kokuhlinzekwa kwezinto, okudingakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana okufanele. Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe kuzofeza umphumela owuthandayo bese kwakha umklamo onokwethenjelwa. Uma zonke izidingo zihlangabezana, ungayihlomisa ngokuphumelelayo indawo engaboni ekhonkolo ezungeze indlu ngezandla zakho.

Inani lamanzi anikezwayo libaluleke kakhulu. Ukudlula kuzonciphisa amandla kakhonkolo okuholelekile. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi ngeke kuvume ukuthi kuqiniswe kahle.

Ungayenza kanjani indawo oyimpumputhe yesisekelo ngezandla zakho - imiyalo ngesinyathelo

Inani elidingekayo likakhonkolo lithululelwa kuxube kakhonkolo noma kwelinye ithangi lokuxuba, bese lithelwa ngamanzi. Ngokuvusa, kwakhiwa “ubisi lukamenti,” lapho kuphakelwa khona ezinye izinto. Ngemuva kwalokho isihlabathi singezwa ngezingxenye ezincane, ingxube kumele ihlanganiswe njalo. I-filler (itshe elichotshoziwe noma ukuqedwa) ilala. Uma wazi kusengaphambili ukuthi iyiphi imfucumfucu efanele indawo eyimpumputhe, futhi ukhethe ingxenye efanele, ukuxubana ngeke kube nzima.

Ukuxuba okusebenzayo, linda imizuzu emi-5 ngemuva kokungeza ingxenye ngayinye.

Lapho izinto zokwakha sezilungisiwe, ungaqala ukusebenza. Indawo eyimpumputhe ezungeze indlu ifaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela Isisekelo. Ingqimba ephezulu yomhlaba isuswa kanye namatshe, izimpande, nezinye izinto ezingaphandle. Phatha inhlabathi ngama-herbicides avimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo.
2. I-Markup. Shayela izibonda emakhoneni ngokuya ngomdwebo bese udonsa intambo phakathi kwawo. Ukuze ugweme ukukhuphuka, faka izikhonkwane ezingeziwe ebangeni lamamitha angama-5-6 komunye nomunye.
3. Ukufakwa kwesikhiya se-hydraulic kanye nokuhlelwa kwesisekelo. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, izingqimba zezinto ezahlukahlukene zibekwa ngaphansi kwendawo engaboni. Ubumba obugayiwe obukhulu obungu-100-150 mm noma ama-geotextiles buzovikela isisekelo kusuka kumswakama. "Umcamelo" weSandy uzokwehlisa ingcindezi. Uma ukujula kwamanzi asemhlabeni kuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukwengeza ukuhambisa amanzi - umsele ojulile nobubanzi be-10 no-20 cm, ngokulandelana, embozwe ngotshani.
4. Ukubeka amapayipi, nokunye ukuxhumana. Ngemuva kokuthi ingxube igcwalise umsele, lesi sinyathelo ngeke sikwazi.
5. Ukufakwa kwefomu. Amapulangwe ezinkuni afakwe ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwendawo eyimpumputhe azoyinika ukwakheka okuyikho futhi ivikele ukusakazeka kwengxube yesakhiwo.
6. Ukuthulula ukhonkolo. Ukugcwalisa indawo oyimpumputhe ngezandla zakho, thela le ngxube kusuka kusixube kakhonkolo noma esitsheni. Lapho umsele ugcwele, kufanele unyathelwe bese uhlatshwa amahlandla amaningi ngenduku yensimbi ukuze kuqedwe amaphakethe omoya. Ukuze uqinise indawo eyimpumputhe, sebenzisa i-mesh noma ifreyimu yokuqinisa (usayizi we-mesh - 50x50 noma 100x100).

Futhi, ngaphambi kokugcwalisa, kufakwa isinxephezelo phakathi kwendawo engaboni kanye nesisekelo ngosizo lwamabhodi noma amashidi we-plywood - lesi silinganiso sizovikela ukhonkolo ekubhujisweni lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha.

Ukufakwa kwezindawo eziyimpumputhe kusuka etsheni elichotshoziwe

Inketho engaphezulu yomnotho ukusebenzisa itshe elichobozekile njengezinto zokugcwalisa eziphambili. Ngokuhleleka kwayo, izidingo ezifanayo zibekelwa indawo eyimpumputhe yokhonkolo, noma kunjalo, ukuqiniswa kanye nokwakhiwa kokuhlanganiswa kokuhlanganisiwe akudingeki lapha. Phakathi kwamatshe nesihlabathi "umqamelo" ochotshoziwe kufakwa ungqimba owengeziwe wokuvimbela amanzi (i-geotextile). Lokhu ngeke kuvume ukuxutshwa kwetshe nesihlabathi esiqhobozekile, futhi ngeke kuvume ukuthi izitshalo zikhule kusuka ezinhlamvwini ezingase zihlale "emushinini".

Indawo eyimpumputhe yamatshe aqhekekile ingenziwa ngezandla zakho ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Ukugcwalisa phansi komsele, ungasebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yalokho okwenziwe. Ngaphezulu, ukunikeza umphumela wokuhlobisa, kusetshenziswa itshe elihle elichotshoziwe. Indawo eyimpumputhe enjalo ivikela ngempumelelo isisekelo emiphumeleni elimazayo yamandla omhlaba kanye nemvelo. Ngendlela efanele, ungamnika ukubukeka okuhle nokuhle.