Wonke ama-jean wethu owathandayo enziwe ngendwangu yekotoni. Ukusuka ngendwangu efanayo, kepha kuya khudlwana, i-T-shirt nephepha lombhede kuthungwe. Futhi intambo okwakukhona kuyo le ndwangu yazalelwa ebhokisini lembewu elincane, ngaphakathi kwezithelo zesitshalo esithanda ukushisa - ukotini.
Amasimu aluhlaza okotini, aqhakaza ehlobo ngezimbali ezimhlophe, zikakhilimu noma ezipinki zezitshalo zingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba - eGibhithe, eningizimu yeYurophu nase-USA, eNdiya nase-Uzbekistan. Lapho amacembe ewa, imbali iphenduka isithelo - ibhokisi eliluhlaza ngembewu.
Ibhokisi landa kancane kancane ngosayizi, lomile futhi liphenduke nsundu. Sonke lesi sikhathi, imbewu kakotini ivuthwa kuyo, ifakwe ezinweleni ezithambile, ezintekentayo (imicu). Lapho izinwele ezinwebekile ziba nezingcosana, zixosha amapheshana ekhabethe bese ziyaphuma - izitshalo zimbozwe ngokungazelelwe ngemichilo yoboya obumhlophe obuthuthukile. Isitshalo sidinga lezi zinwele ukuze umoya uthathe imbewu bese uzisakaza nxazonke.
Isitshalo sikakotini (IGossypium) - Uhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni Malvaceae (Malvaceae), kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-50. Izinhlobo ezikhiqizwe ukotini zikhula emhlabeni wonke. Ukotini ungumthombo wezicucu zezitshalo embonini yezindwangu - ukotini.
Ibhokisi elivulekile likotini. © AzzurroCotton Incazelo
Izitshalo ze-genus Cotton - izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezineminyaka engu-1 noma ezimbili ubudala zifinyelela ku-1-2 m ukuphakama ngeziqu ezihlotshiswe kakhulu. Uhlelo lwezimpande lubaluleke kakhulu, impande ingena emhlabathini iye ekujuleni kwama-30 cm, kwezinye izinhlobo ifinyelela amamitha amathathu.
Amaqabunga ekotini ahlukile, anama-petioles amade, ngokuvamile angama-3-5.
Izimbali zikotini zingashadi, ziningi, ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Le mbali iqukethe i-corolla enamaphara amathathu abanzi kuze kube mahlanu ububanzi kanye ne-calyx eluhlaza enezinhlayiya eziyisihlanu ezungezwe yi-wrapper enamabala amathathu, ubude obude kune-calyx. Izinhlobo eziningi zokugcwala zingena kwi-tube.
Izithelo zikotini ziyibhokisi, kwesinye isikhathi eliyindilinga kakhudlwana, kwezinye izimo okuyi-oval, ehlukaniswa ama-3-5, ephahlazeka eceleni kwamavolovu, enezinhlamvu eziningi ezimnyama ezinsundu ngaphakathi, embozwe ebusweni ngezinwele ezithambile ezivunguza - ukotini.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezinwele zikotoni zihlukaniswe. Zingaba zide futhi zibe nefreyimu noma zibe mfushane ne-fleecy - okubizwa ngokuthi yi-lint, cotton fluff. Ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene nezikhulayo, zombili izinhlobo zezinwele zingaba sembewini, futhi zinde kuphela. Izinhlobo zasendle azinazinwele ezinde. Imbewu ikotini, embozwe ngethanga eliminyene, iqukethe igciwane eliqukethe izimpande nezimbotshana ezimbili zembewu.
Imbali yekotoni. © BotBlnUkuvuna Ukotini Nokusebenza
Uvunwa ukotini ekwindla. Bayihlanza ngesandla noma ngosizo lwabakhethi bekotini abakhethekile. Yize ukotini othathe ngesandla uthathwa njengekhwalithi engcono, ukusebenzisa imishini kakotini kushibhile kakhulu kubalimi bekotini. Umuntu okhetha ukotini odabula insimu kuqala ugoqa imicu yokugoqeka bese ewayeka ku-hopper ekhethekile. Ukotini ovuniwe uxutshwe nembewu yesitshalo - ibizwa ngokuthi ukotini ongavuthiwe.
Ukuhlanza imicu yekotini kusuka kwimbewu ekhiqizwa kuma-ginneries. Ngemuva kwalokho ukotini uyahlanzwa ngothuli, uhlanganiswe emabeleni bese uthunyelwa kumaphampu wokuphotha, lapho kwenziwa khona imicu (intambo) kusuka kumicu. Manje izindwangu ezahlukahlukene zingaklanywa kusuka imicu, futhi imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yendwangu ingathungwa kusuka ezindwangu. Izingubo ezenziwe ngendwangu yekotini zishibhile, ziqinile, zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zigezwa kahle. Futhi okubaluleke - kuyajabulisa ukuyigqoka, ngoba ivumela isikhumba sethu ukuba siphefumule.
Ukotini Imbewu. © Karol GłąbImbewu kakotini nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi. Amafutha kaCotton atholakala kubo, asetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kuka imajarini, ukudla okusemathinini neminye imikhiqizo, ikhekhe elisele lidluliselwe esilwaneni. Kusetshenziswa nakwezinye izimboni.
Ukotini ukhula ekhaya
Ezimweni zasendlini, ukotini waminyaka yonke uvame ukukhula.
Ukunakekelwa Kwekotini
I-Cotton ithande izindawo ezifudumele, ezivikelwe ilanga nezihlanzekile. Uyabekezelela ukushisa kwehlobo impela, kepha angafa kusuka emazingeni okushisa aphansi: okusalungiswa noma iqhwa.
Ukunisela ukotini, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, kulandela i-coma yodaka ebhomeni lobumba. Ikotoni ingondliwa kaningana ngenyanga ngomanyolo ojwayelekile wezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Ukusakazwa kukotini ekhaya
Ukotini unyakaziswa yimbewu. Kuhlwanyelwa kusenesikhathi, cishe ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari, ngenkathi kugaywa imbewu enhlabathini cishe ngo-1 cm. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kungakuhle ukuthi izithombo zenze abamba ukushisa, noma zimboze ngengilazi. Ukotini ukhule endaweni ekhanyayo emazingeni okushisa angama- + 22 ° C kuya ku- + 24 ° C.
Amahlumela wokuqala kakotini avela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, badinga ukunikeza umswakama owanele, kepha bezama ukungalimazi iziqu ezibucayi zezithombo.
Lapho izitshalo zigcwala, kudingeka zidonswe kudoti omkhulu. Lapho zifinyelela ku-10 cm ukuphakama, izitshalo zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Kulezi zimbiza kuzohlala kuze kube ekwindla.
Ama-bloot e-Cotton ajwayelekile ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-8 aqhamuke.
