I-Alstroemeria - izimbali ukuthi, ngenxa yokufana kwazo, zibizwa ngokuthi yi-Peruvian lily noma i-Inca lily. Lesi sitshalo esidala, esibonakala ngokuqhakaza okugqamile kanye nombala ongajwayelekile wamaqabunga. I-Alstroemeria yengezwa emasokishini futhi imvamisa itshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngamanani amakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kanye nezimo zokulungisa, kepha uma sifisa, singatshalwa ekhaya.
Incazelo kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhule lembali ekhaya, kufanele uzijwayeze ngokuchaza nesithombe se-alstroemeria, khetha izinhlobo ezifanele. Lezi yizitshalo ezinde ezingakhula zibe ngama-80-150 cm noma ngaphezulu. Zonke izinhlobo ziyahluka ngombala wamaphalishi, kepha zibe nesimo seqabunga eliqabile. Amapheshana ngamanye azungeza i-axis yawo ngesikhathi sokukhula futhi angaqondiswa phezulu ngepuleti engezansi.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zezimbali ze-alstroemeria yilezi:
- IGolden Alstroemeria iyimbali ephuzi ekhanyayo ekhula ngokwemvelo ePeru. Le nhlobonhlobo ibhekwa njengephakeme futhi ingafinyelela cm 150. Isici sayo esikhulu ukuthi iyakwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa le--13 ° C.
- I-Alstroemeria yaseBrazil imbali emide ekhula ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Ama-petals ezimbali apendwe ngethusi noma obomvu.
- I-Alstroemeria nano yizinhlobonhlobo zasePeru. Lesi sitshalo esincane esikhula sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Izimbali ze-Alstroemeria zalolu hlobo zipendwe ophuzi ngamabala amnyama.
- I-alstroemeria egeleza igazi yizinhlobo ezikhula ngokwemvelo eChile nasePeru. Kuyasizelwa iqiniso lokuthi kuze kufinyelele izimbali ezinkulu ezi-15 ezigqamile esitshalweni esisodwa. Zonke zipendiwe ngokubomvu okukhulu.
Kunezinye izinhlobo, eziningi zazo ezifuywe ngokwenziwa ngabazalisi. Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo zeCosmo zibonakaliswa umbala omhlophe qhwa weqhwa. I-Virginia kungenye inhlobo enezimbali ezimhlophe, kepha imiphetho yamaphiko ayo iwavy.
Izinhlobo zobuhle (ezinezimbali ze-lilac noma ze-lilac), amaHarmony (izimbali zethusi ezinemivimbo emnyama) neCanaria (izimbali ezinomthunzi we-canary kanye namabala amnyama) ziyaqhakaza kabili ngesizini.
Ngokukhula kwe-alstroemeria engadini, kufanele ukhethe kuphela lezo zinhlobo ezivumela isithwathwa.
Izici zokukhula ekhaya
I-Alstroemeria isitshalo esingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke izodinga ukudala izimo ezihamba kahle kakhulu. Ingatshalwa engadini, ku-greenhouse noma emabhodweni kuma-sill e-windows. Ngokutshala nokunakekelwa okufanele, i-Alstroemeria izothokozela izimbali ezinkulu futhi iyoba ngumhlobiso okhanyayo wensimu.
Izindlela zokusakazeka ze-Alstroemeria
Isitshalo singakhula ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ngembewu nangokuhlukaniswa kobunzima. Indlela yokuqala ilungele izinhlobo zezinhlobo kuphela, ngoba nzalo elahlekile ingalahlekelwa yizakhiwo zezitshalo zomama. Ungaqoqa imbewu kulezi zimbali ezivele zikhula kusayithi, kodwa khumbula ukuthi izithelo zintekenteke kakhulu. Lapho kuthintwa kancane, ikhasi labo liyoqhekeka, bese imbewu ihlakazeka kuzo zonke izinkomba kusuka ezimbalini. Ngaphambi kokuqoqa imbewu, isitshalo kufanele simbozwe nge-gauze. Ngokulandelayo, imbewu kufanele idlule ngezigaba eziningana:
- stratization - imbewu ithunyelwa esiqandisini izinyanga ezi-2;
- ebusika nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, imbewu ingamila;
- ekugcineni kokuhlukana, zifakwa ezitsheni ezincane emhlabathini ziye ekujuleni kuka-1 cm.
Imbewu imila ekushiseni okungu-18 ° C. Kuzo, izithombo zizotholwa, ezingadluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Lapho kukhula izimbali ze-alstroemeria kusuka imbewu, zingakwazi ukuqhakaza kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala.
Indlela yesibili ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-alstroemeria ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Ilungele futhi inzalo, njengoba izitshalo ezintsha zigcina zonke izakhiwo zikamama. Udinga ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome ekwindla, ekugcineni kwenkathi yezimbali. Lesi sitshalo simbiwa ngokucophelela, sizama ukungalimazi izimpande, bese sibahlukanisela izingxenye ezimbili. Ngamunye wabo kufanele abe nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe ngokuphelele. Izicucu ziphathwa ngamagciwane, bese izihlahla sezibuyiselwa emhlabathini.
Ukulima kwangaphandle
Ukutshala i-alstroemeria emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uyinakekele kudinga isikhathi nokunakwa. Isitshalo sidinga ukudala izimo ezintofontofo lapho sikhula khona futhi sande:
- imvamisa yokunisela - isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki, ezimweni zesomiso ungakwazi ukunisela izikhathi ezi-2 ezinsukwini eziyi-7;
- emva kokunisela ngakunye umhlaba ukhululiwe;
- Umanyolo - umquba ngesikhathi sokutshala, bese kuba ngumanyolo we-organic noma amaminerali kathathu ngenyanga;
- Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo, ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo iyanqunywa, bese kuthi i-rhizome imbozwe ngamaqabunga, i-peat noma izinto zokumboza.
Uma ukuqoqwa kwembewu okuqhubekayo kungakahlelwanga, ama-buds anconyiwe ukuba asikwe ekugcineni kwezimbali. Ngakho-ke endaweni yazo izimbali ezintsha zakha ngokushesha.
Ukulima okuhlaza okotshani
Ekhayeni lokugcina ukushisa, i-alstroemeria ikhula kalula ngezinga lezimboni. Lapha ungakha isimo sezulu esinethezekile kunazo zonke noma kungekho zimo sezulu esifanele. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nesihlabathi, amaqabunga, i-peat ne-humus. Kumele iniselwe njalo, kepha hhayi emile. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa kabili ngenyanga, kwalokhu ukusebenzisa umanyolo weNitrogen-potassium.
Ebusika, i-alstroemeria nayo iqhakaza ku-greenhouse, kepha izodinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Umbuso wokushisa ucishe ube ngama-degree ayi-15 ngesikhathi sosuku, no-13 ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali okukhulu, sikhuphuka sibe ngama-18-20 degrees.
I-Alstroemeria ingakhula ekhaya emabhodweni. Umgodi kumele wenziwe maphakathi nesitsha ukuvikela ukungabibikho komswakama. Akudingekile ukondla futhi umanyolo isitshalo. Kwanele ukuyinkcenkceshela kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3, imbiza ibekwa endaweni ekhanyiselwe kakhulu.
I-Alstroemeria inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngosayizi, umbala nangesimo. Le imbali exotic, kepha ukuyikhulisa esimeni sezulu esiphakathi kungenzeka. Imvamisa, itshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ezikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukukhanya kanye nezimo lokushisa. Kungaba nzima ukuthola izimbali ezinkulu ezigqamile obala ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama wenhlabathi. Ekhaya ebhodweni, i-alstroemeria izozizwa ikhululekile, kepha kungcono ukukhetha amamaki aphansi.
