Ngokuya ngomonakalo ophelele odalwe ecebeni lamazambane, i-wireworm, mhlawumbe, ngeke ithele kancane ibhungane lamazambane leColorado. Kepha babhala futhi basho okuningi ngebhungane lamazambane leColorado, zonke izikhangiso zikhangiswa ngamafashini wokulungiselela ngempumelelo umlo wokulwa “nomphangi” waseMelika, kanti ibhungane elihle eziqongweni zamazambane lihlala njenge-ladybug enkulu esithombeni, futhi amaqabunga adle ngokushesha ashesha emehlweni.
Kepha i-wireworm ayibonakali futhi ayizwakali, akukho lutho olubhaliwe ngayo ekukhangiseni, futhi azikho izidakamizwa ezifinyelelekayo futhi ezibanzi zokulwa nayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, inkathazo yenza kancane kancane ibhizinisi layo "elingcolile".
I-Wireworm - izibungu zesidumbu se-nutcracker. © RasbakAma-Nutcrackers, ama-wireworms (lat. Elateridae) - umndeni wamabhungane. Ubude bomzimba buvame ukuba ngu-7-20 (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube ngu-50) mm. Zingaba yizinkulungwane eziyishumi zezinhlobo zase-Eurasia naseMelika; eRussia, izinhlobo ezingamakhulu ambalwa, cishe yonke indawo. Izibungu (wireworms) zilimaza izimpande zezitshalo eziningi. Igama elitholwe ngokuhlobene nezici zesimo nokuziphatha. Ukusuka ezansi kwi-prothorax kunenqubo eyenziwe ngomunwe iqondiswe emuva, futhi ku-mesothorax kune-notch ehambisanayo. Ibhungane lavula imigoqo yalo yangemuva, lisusa inqubo enkambeni yokuphumula bese liyiphumula emaphethelweni ayo, bese licindezela inqubo ibuyisa inqubo. Njengomphumela walokhu kuchofoza, i-bug bounces. Ibhungane lizoqhubeka ngokuchofoza lize liflashe laphaya esiswini bese lima ngezinyawo zalo.
Livare
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa ama-nutcracker uqedwa eminyakeni emi-5. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, mabhungane besifazane, beshiya ubusika, kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube nguJulayi (ngokuya ngendawo) babeka amaqanda amhlophe amhlophe qhekeka, ngaphansi kwezixha zenhlabathi, ngaphansi kwenqwaba yokhula nezimfucumfucu zezitshalo ezisele engadini (0, 5 mm). Ukubekwa kwenziwa ngezinqwaba ezincane (izingcezu ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5). Ukuzala kowesifazane oyedwa cishe amaqanda angama-120-150. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwengama-40, kuya ngendawo nohlobo lwe-nutcracker, izibungu ezibangelwa amaqanda, ezikhula futhi zikhule iminyaka engama-3-4. Izibungu zihlala emhlabathini, ngonyaka wokuqala zidla ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba zezitshalo, kepha azilimazi ezitshaliwe ngalesi sikhathi. Ngonyaka wesibili, izibungu ziyanda ngosayizi, zithole umbala ophuzi noma okhanyayo, bese ziba yiselula kakhulu. Imizimba yabo mncane futhi iqinile, okubizwa ngayo ngokuthi ama-wireworms. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uchoboze i-wireworm, kulula ukuyiqhekeza. Kusukela ngonyaka wesibili nakamuva, i-wireworm iyingozi kakhulu. Ngonyaka wesine, izibungu ezindala zigxumela emhlabathini, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo isizukulwane esisha samabhungane siphuma esikhotheni.
Umonakalo odalwa ama-wireworms mkhulu. Babulala imbewu evuvukayo, izithombo, badla izimpande ezibucayi neziqu. Ama-wireworms akhucululwa abe yizilimo eziyizimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa, aqhubekele kuwo, abangele ukubola futhi awenze angafaneleki ukuwagcina.
I-biology ye-nutcrackers ifundelwa kangcono ezinhlotsheni zePalearctic, ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezingezona i-Arctic, kabi kakhulu ezinhlanzini ezishisayo, kunamarekhodi amancane nje aqhekekile ngabo.
Amagama esiRussia athi "chofoza" (negama lesiNgisi elithi "chofoza ubhungane") anikezwa la mabhungane ngenxa yomsindo owenziwe ngenkathi kwenziwa umshini wokudonsa amanzi.
Ama-larvae anegama elihlukile - ama-wireworms, ngenxa yomzimba wawo ophakeme ngezingubo eziluhlaza ezicwebezelayo, okuyizilokazane ezinzima zepolyphagous, ezilimaza izingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba zezolimo, ezamasiko nezitshalo zasehlathini.
I-Beetle Nutcracker. © IES-MGB Ungasusa kanjani i-wireworm?
Ukunciphisa inani lezinambuzane ku-infield, kunconywa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ukulima okujulile noma ukugaya inhlabathi, kucekela phansi ukhula, ikakhulukazi utshani bukakolweni obumbayo;
- beka amazambane ngemuva kwamathile nobhontshisi;
- emasimini agcwele kakhulu ama-wireworms ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amaviki angama-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane, hlwanyela isihesi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlwanyela imbewu yama-oats, ibhali, ummbila, ukolweni, okusanhlamvu okungu-4-5 kube izidleke kude kuka-50-70 cm noma umugqa. Ngemuva kwalokho bamba izithombo zalezi zivuno kanye nama-wireworms aqoqwe phezu kwazo bese uzibhubhisa;
- walala emhlabathini ube yi-bait ye-5-15 cm ngokujula kwesiqeshana se-tuber, ama-beet, izaqathe noma yikuphi ukudla ngesilinganiso sama-pcs ayi-1-2. 1 m², kumaka lezi zindawo ngamahlumela. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4 zephethi, susa futhi uchithe izinambuzane ezinqwabelaniswe kuzo;
- ukunciphisa ukulimala kwama-wireworms emigqeni yamazambane, kunconyelwa ukuhlwanyela isaladi, izimpande zazo izinambuzane ezidla kuzo;
- kunciphisa kakhulu isibalo sama-wireworms kanye nokulimala kokuqothula kwezibungu zabo kwenhlabathi ene-acidic;
- Faka izinambuzane ngaphambi kokulima noma ukutshala amazambane. Ungazipheka ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, fafaza ama-5 kg we-granular superphosphate ngesendlalelo esincane esithambile kwifilimu yepulasitiki bese ufafaza ngesinye sezibulala-zinambuzane (i-actellik - 15 ml, i-decis eyengeziwe - 4 ml, ikarate - 1 ml) ehlanjululwe esixazululweni samanzi we-acetone (80 ml wamanzi + 200 ml we-acetone) . Misa ukulungiselela okuphumela ethunzini bese ufafaza ngesakhiwo (leli nani libalwa ngamamitha ayi-100), emva kwalokho ulimbe ngokushesha. Kwesinye isigameko, lapho utshala amazambane ngaphansi kwefosholo, faka iziqalo ezi-5 ze-superphosphate esetshenzisiwe emgodini ngamunye;
- ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane, uthele inhlabathi ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate (5 g nge-10 l lamanzi) ngesilinganiso se-0,5 l ngomthombo noma ngaphansi kwempande. Faka isisombululo kuphela kunhlabathi ye-alkali. Ungathela futhi amazambane ngokufakwa kwezinsuku ezintathu kwe-celandine (100 g yesitshalo esisikiwe ngo-10 l wamanzi), ukhula (500 g nge-10 l yamanzi), i-dandelion (200 g nge-10 l lamanzi), i-coltsfoot (200 g nge-10 l amanzi) bese uphinda le nqubo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-7.
I-wireworm yisibungu se-bucracker bug. © LmbugaIzindlela Zokulawula IBait
Kukhona indlela enzima, kodwa ephumelelayo yokubamba izibungu namabhungane esheyini. Kulokhu, kuzofanele uhlole izingibe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, kepha uzomangala ukubona ukuthi zingaki izibungu ezibuthana lapho isonto ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane. Empeleni, kwenzeka ukuthi ukhethe kuzo izicupho ezinjalo ezifika ku-8-10 izibungu. Kuyinselele, kepha uma ukhumbula ukuthi izibungu ngayinye zizogaya amazambane akho iminyaka emi-3, khona-ke umdlalo ufanele ikhandlela. Kuvame ukwalulekwa ukuba anamathele izingcezwana zamazambane aluhlaza ezindongeni bese azingcwaba emhlabathini, kusale ukuphela kwamahhala ngaphandle. Ngemuva kokubheka izicupho nokukhetha izibungu, izinti ziyafakwa futhi, kodwa sezivele zisendaweni kwenye indawo. Ngakho-ke batusa ukukwenza uma kunesidingo lonke ihlobo.
Ungasebenzisa futhi izimbiza zeglasi lapho kubekwa khona amazambane, izaqathi noma amabhele. Amabhange afaka intamo ezindaweni ezinomthunzi wesiza, izinambuzane kufanele zikhethwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3. Yebo, ngendlela, ungakhohlwa ukubuyekeza izingcezu zezicucu noma ushintshe indawo yokudla ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwalokho izibungu zizonciphisa isifiso sayo.
Abalimi abanobuqili babamba izibungu emgqeni wokudoba ojwayelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izingcezu zamazambane ziboshwe kuwo, ibanga phakathi kwazo kufanele libe ngu-10 cm, isihego singcwatshwa ngokujula kuka-10 cm ku-groove. Ngale ndlela, ukubamba kuzoba kukhudlwana. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, kukhethwe umugqa wokudoba, izibungu zixhashazwa ngamanzi abilayo noma ashiswe. By the way, izinkukhu zidla izibungu ze-wireworm ngokudla. Uma izibungu zinikezwa ukhetho lwezingcezu zamazambane noma imbewu ehlume ukolweni, ibhali noma ummbila, zizishiya amazambane zodwa. Ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane noma kamuva - emzileni - hlwanyela imbewu yezitshalo zokuloba. Ama-wireworms aqoqwe ezimpandeni akhethwa ngokukhipha izitshalo. Omende bayalwa ukuba bahlwanyele isizini yonke - kuze kube yilapho ingadi isikhululwa izibungu.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyalulekwa ukuthi kuphathwe imbewu yebhali, ukolweni, ummbila noma ezinye izitshalo ezinenkohliso ngamalungiselelo weDecis neKarate ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukomisa imbewu elangeni futhi uhlwanyele. Kulesi simo, ingxenye yemibungu yangezelelwa ngokwengeziwe ngamalungiselelo, ngoba bakhetha ukondla ngezithombo, futhi ngalesi sikhathi amalungiselelo asasebenza. Ukuba semthethweni kwale mishanguzo kucishe kube yinyanga, futhi lapho isivuno sezimpande sesivuniwe, izinto ezilimazayo azisenangozi kubantu.
Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuthwebula zokubamba, empeleni, kuyinselele kakhulu, kodwa kuyathembisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izizukulwane eziningana zezibungu zihlala esizeni. Futhi ngokwabo ngeke bakushiye okufika kwakho - azikho izimangaliso. Indlela engasidli isikhathi ukusebenzisa izimbobo ezimbalwa ngokulinganayo endaweni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ukufaka khona izigaxa ezinkulu zotshani obolile, utshani noma utshani. Izibungu ze-Wireworm ngokuqinisekile ziyobuthana kulezi zigodi zifuna ukushisa nokudla. Futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lolu tshani kumele lukhethwe futhi lushiswe. Ukusebenza kahle kuzoncika emzamweni, ngoba ukuhlinzwa kufanele kuphindaphindwe kaningi (ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, ukuncishiswa kwama-20 kuye kuma-90% ngenani lezilokazane kutholakala).
Abalimi abanolwazi for ikakhulukazi ebaluleke, zokutshala izitshalo ezihlukene zamazambane bayalwa ukuba basebenzise ofakwe isitshalo se-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ku isixazululo esiqinile celandine. Inobuthi ngokwayo, kepha uma nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshalwe imbewu, le ndlela nayo ingasetshenziswa.
IPotassium permanganate ilungile kuphela ngesibalo esincane sama-wireworms.
Kulezi zindlela zokulawula, okungenangozi kakhulu ukunisela i-potassium permanganate ngaphambi kokutshala. Isixazululo kufanele sibe pink, ukusetshenziswa - ibhakede izimbobo 10-15. Ungacubungula izinto zokutshala amazambane ngaphambi kokutshala isixazululo esinamandla se-potanganum permanganate. Kuliqiniso, ukusebenza kwale ndlela muhle kuphela ngesibalo esincane somhlabathi onama-wireworms. Ochwepheshe beluleka ukwethula umanyolo oqukethe i-ammonium ngaphambi kokutshala izilimo zezimpande futhi nokutshala amazambane, ngaphandle kokuhluleka ngokuzifaka enhlabathini ukuze kulondolozwe iphunga le-ammonia. Ungangeza i-15 g / m2 ye-ammonium nitrate, noma kuze kufike ku-30 g / m2 we-ammonium sulfate. Okokugcina kungcono.
I-wireworm yisibungu se-bucracker bug. © UDanny SteavenUma bekungenakwenzeka ukubhekana nenkinga nge-agrotechnical, mechanics nezinye izindlela, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwe-bazudine yezidakamizwa kuhlala kusalondoloziwe. Umuthi wayo osebenzayo, i-diazinon, unobuthi kakhulu kubantu nakwabanye abanegazi elifudumele. Futhi izinkambiso zokwenza i-bazudine ziphakeme impela - kufinyelela ku-40g / m2, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukusebenzisa le ndlela kuphela ngenani elikhulu lezinambuzane. Izindlela ezingenabungozi eziningi azikaze zidalwe.
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