Itshani eliluhlaza elicwengekile eduze kwendlu yezwe iphupho lawo wonke umnikazi ofuna ukuhleleka kuyo yonke into. Abaqalayo izindaba zotshani abahlali becabanga ukuthi bangalutshala kanjani utshani ngendlela efanele, ngoba zombili izingqimba zamabhulukwe neparsley kuhluma emibhedeni yabo. Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngotshani uma zikhula noma kuphi, futhi ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu? Eqinisweni, ukudalwa kotshani obuluhlaza kuyindaba ehluke ngokuphelele. Awungeke wenze ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obukhethekile futhi ngaphandle kwamathuluzi angeziwe.
Lapho kungatshalwa khona utshani obunotshani, futhi lapho kungenjalo
Ukutshala utshani kulula, kepha ngaphandle kokulungiswa njalo kuzophela ukujabulisa iso.
Ungakha utshani cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Izindawo ezivundile ezifinyeleleka ngokuqondile namathambeka, izindawo ezinelanga futhi zinombala, ezinesihlabathi noma inhlabathi enobumba. Izinkinga ezihlukumezanayo zivame ukuxazululwa ngokukhetha amakhambi - ungahlala uzithola lezo ezinganciphisi, ngokwesibonelo, ekulimeni kwenhlabathi noma ekuchayweni kokukhanya.
Uma umhlali wasehlobo enethuba lokukhetha ngqo ukuthi aphule kuphi utshani, khona-ke izindawo ezingakhethekile yilanga zikhetha - utshani bazo bumbozwe ngokhaphethi omnyama, futhi amabala empandla kwesinye isikhathi akha emthunzini.
Uma isiza sinexhaphozi noma amanzi asemhlabeni ephakama esondele kakhulu ebusweni - lokhu yisizathu sokungahleeleli utshani lapha. Okungenani kuze kube yilapho umsebenzi wokudonswa kwamanzi usuqediwe.
Ukuze uzivikele ezinkingeni ezingakhona, uhlelo lokutshalwa utshani lidinga ukucatshangelwa (noma ukudonswa kangcono) ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Esizeni esakhelwe ukubukwa komhlaba, kungahle kube nezihlahla, imibhede yezimbali, ezinye izakhiwo. Ngabe bayaphazamisa ukugunda kotshani, nokuthi bangagwema kanjani izinkinga? Konke lokhu kumele kubhekwe. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa komgunda otshisayo kuhlosiwe, khona-ke phakathi kwendawo enotshani nodonga lwendlu (uthango, isivalo) kufanele kube nesikhala samahhala sobubanzi obuyi-1 m.
Itheyiphu yomngcele izosiza ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokukhula kotshani ukuze "ingahambi" ezinye izinto ezitshalekile
Awukwazi ukudala utshani obusondelene namagquma ase-alpine, izingadi zama rose kanye nezimbali zemibhede, ngoba utshani obunotshani (iningi lazo okusanhlamvu) zingathuthukisa kalula izindawo ezintsha futhi lungabhubhisa amasimu abalulekile. Ochwepheshe babiza lo mkhuba ngokuthi “utshani obandayo” futhi bancoma ukuhlukanisa “umuntu onqobayo” nomakhelwane ngepulasitiki noma ngensimbi egxishwe emhlabathini.
Ngokuqondene nezihlahla noma izihlahlana ezinkulu, inkinga lapha ukuthi utshani obusondela ngqo esiqwini buvame ukuba yisizathu sokungena kwalo emhlabathini - intambo yomuthi iqala ukuqina, bese isitshalo sifa. Ngalesi sizathu, ochwepheshe abancomi ukwephula utshani ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma isihlahla. Uma izihlahla zokutshala nokuhlela utshani zenziwa ngasikhathi sinye, le ndlela kungenzeka - ukwakha igquma elincane elinesihloko esicaba phezulu bese utshala isihlahla kuwo. Lapho-ke utshani nesihlahla kuzoba omakhelwane abahle.
Izimo ngaphandle kokuthi utshani bungakhuli
Ngaphandle kokulinganisa uzungu awukwazi ukuphupha ngotshani.
Izimo ezibalulekile zokwakheka kotshani lwekhwalithi yilezi:
- ukusula insimu kadoti kusengaphambili futhi uyisuse (awukwazi ukungcwaba amabhodlela epulasitiki noma amagatsha kutshani olusasa);
- ukukhipha iziqu;
- ukumba inhlabathi ngokufakwa kukamanyolo;
- ukwelashwa okulwa nokhula;
- ukukala indawo futhi uyihlanganise nge-roller;
- ukuhlwanyela ngosuku olungu-1 kusakhiwo sonke (sezithombo ezifanayo);
- ngokuzayo - ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ukhula, ukugunda.
Yiziphi imbewu ongakhetha kuzo
Utshani obusetshenziselwa ukudala utshani kumele buhlangabezane nezidingo eziningi:
- yiba ngabantu;
- ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu sendawo;
- abe nohlelo oluqinile lwezimpande;
- zande hhayi ngembewu kuphela, kodwa futhi nangokwezimbali;
- anikeze amahlumela anobungani ekuqaleni kokukhula kwawo;
- phendula kahle ezinweleni.
Umuntu ongakaze asebenze etshanini uvame ukuba nentshisekelo kokukhethwayo: ukukhulisa ingxube yamakhambi noma eyodwa nje? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kubaqalayo, ingxube iyathandeka - i-lawn enamathela iqinile, idinga ukunakwa kancane. Ama-monopods asetshenziswa kaningi kumasayithi ama-elite, aphakeme kakhulu ekuhlobiseni, kepha ayathandeki kakhulu ekuhambeni.
Amaglasi avumelana kahle nesimo sezulu saseRussia:
- I-Bluegrass. Ingakhula enhlabathini emnyama, inikeze izithombo ngaphambili kunezinye izilimo, ibukeka njengento yokuhlobisa, iyakwazi ukuphonsa ukhula. Imvamisa ayisetshenziswa hhayi ngesimo se-monoculture (kusukela izimpande zithatha izimpande kancane), kepha njengesisekelo sengxube yotshani.
I-Meadowgrass utshani obuningi abuthintwa izinambuzane
- I-Polevole. Ukumelana nokubanda, ubukeka muhle ngotshani ngenxa yemifino emnyama, eminyene. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokhula, ikhule ngaphandle kwezindawo ezineziphuphu. Uyazibekezelela izinwele ezihlala njalo ngaphandle kobuhlungu.
I-polevole mncane ngaphandle kokuzithoba, kepha namanje ayikubekezeleli isomiso esinzima
- I-Ryegrass. Njengesimo sasendulo, isetshenziswa kuphela ezifundeni ezinobusika obufudumele, ngoba ayinakho ukumelana nesithwathwa esikhulu. Kwezinye izindawo zingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yezingxube noma njengesikhumbuzo sonyaka. Inamaqabunga amahle wobubanzi obuphakathi. Amahlumela anomusa kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi abakhethi ukusika utshani obunje.
I-Ryegrass ayisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa kuphela, kepha futhi ithelelwa ezolimo
- Imfashini ebomvu. Ukwehlisela phansi ukunakekelwa, kungasetjenziswa njengotshani obuzimele obunotshani kanye nezixube. Amahlumela avela ngokushesha futhi bendawonye, ama-haircuts abekezelela kahle. Cishe ayithintwa yizifo fungal, ikamelana ngempumelelo nesomiso.
I-fescue ebomvu ingayenza ngaphandle kokunisela isikhathi eside futhi ngeke ife, kepha ukubukeka kuzoba okucindezelayo
- Direct bonfire (meadow). Okusanhlamvu okumangazayo - emhlabathini ompofu ukhula ungcono kunowokuvundile. Ezinye izitshalo ziyayisebenzisa: uma umhlaba uvundiswe kahle, bawususa ngokushesha umlilo endaweni yabo.
Ezinye izitshalo zotshani zingabizwa ngokuthi "izitshalo ezikhethekile" izitshalo, ngoba zisiza izakhamuzi zasehlobo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezahlukahlukene:
- i-bluegrass oak ikhula kangcono kunezinye izitshalo emthunzini oyingxenye;
- i-bluegrass marsh iyabekezelela kahle inhlabathi enamanzi;
- insimu ye-dogwood ihlobisa kakhulu, inombala ongavamile, we-emerald;
- insimu egoba ihlumela inezihlakala ezinwabuzelayo nombala olula ukwedlula obunye utshani; iyathakazelisa inhlanganisela.
Izinhlanganisela ezihlukile zotshani zingaholela ku-novice esitebhisini, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga imbewu, kufanele ube nentshisekelo yokuthi kungani kuhlanganiswa inhlanganisela ethile. Ukwenza kube lula ukuzulazula, onke ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu:
- Izingxube zindawo yonke. Kwakheka kusuka kumakhambi aqinile, aqala ukuhluma. Uyakwazi ukumelana nokhula. Dinga ukugunda izinwele njalo.
- Imiksi yezemidlalo. Ilungele izindawo zokudlala, ukuzijabulisa.
- Izingxube zohlobo lwe-meadow. Okuqukethe okusanhlamvu nezimbali, kunikeze umbono wamaforamu. Okwezingodo eziqinile, ezivame ukuchetywa azilungile.
- Ama-Elite axuthiwe. Kunzima ukunakekela, kepha kuhlobisa kakhulu.
- Izingxube ezenzelwe isimo sezulu esithile nezimo ezikhethekile (isb. Shading).
Isibonelo sendlela amakhambi angahlanganiswa ngayo engxenyeni eyodwa: i-fescue - 60%, i-bluegrass - 30%, utshani bensimu - 10%.
Ungatshala kanjani utshani esakhiweni: imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uma utshani busongwe, phonsa inhlabathi ngaphansi kwawo
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokuqondile kwandulelwa ukulungiselela okukhulu kokuqala. Kunje:
- I-turf isuswa ecebeni elibekelwe utshani (kusetshenziswa ifosholo noma umshini okhethekile).
- Baphatha inhlabathi nge-herbicides ukuqothula izimpande zokhula (ukucubungula ngesandla akuvumeli ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo).
- Ingaphezulu lenziwe kahle, kungakhathalekile ukuthi liqondile noma linomthambeka. Umhlaba ovela ezindaweni eziphakeme udluliselwa emigodini, ezindaweni eziphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kulungiswa - uma kunqabile kakhulu, engeza i-peat ethengiwe; uma ubumba olusindayo, uthele isihlabathi ukuze kudlule amanzi nomoya ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Uma kunesidingo, amanzi akhiwa ngezingqimba ezimbili - izitini eziphukile nesihlabathi, bese kubekwa ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile ngaphezulu.
- Ezinyangeni ezi-1-1,5, umhlaba ugcinwa ngaphansi komusi, ususa ukhula njalo. Kwesinye isikhathi lesi sigaba seqa, kwesinye isikhathi - umhlaba otshalwe ngamakhambi awusizo omhlabathi (i-lupine, i-vetch, lwesinaphi emhlophe) futhi, kanye nezitshalo (ekugcineni kwesikhathi sokulungiswa), bamba inhlabathi.
- Isonto ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela utshani, umquba wamaminerali usatshalaliswa endaweni (nge-1 sq. M - 40-60 g ngayinye) ngosizo lwe-rake bajulelwa emhlabathini cishe ngo-5 cm
- Amapulangwe omhlaba akufanele uhlale phezu kwenhlabathi - ayalwa futhi ngethala noma (uma isakhiwo sikhulu) umlimi.
Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isilungisiwe, ungatshala utshani ezweni ngezandla zakho. Kumitha ngayinye yesikwele, bazodinga kusuka ku-35 kuye ku-50 g wembewu. Ukuhlwanyela zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo ngokulingana, ukukala ingxenye edingekayo, khetha umthamo ofanele wokuqola isikhathi ngasinye nenani lembewu edingekayo. Ukusuka kumatshana amancanyana enza ifreyimu ngendlela yesikwele enezinhlangothi ezilingana ne-1 m.
Nazi izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Uhlaka lwethempulethi lubekwa phansi futhi imbewu ithululelwa emhlabathini ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yayo. Isigamu - ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, enye ingxenye - ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla (ngakho-ke zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo).
- Phezu kwembewu, ngaphandle kokususa ifreyimu, uthele isikhwanyana esincane bese uyigingqa nge-mini-roller noma nje ucezu wepayipi eliyindilinga.
- Ngale ndlela, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, lonke utshani buhlwanyelwa.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo iniselwa nge-hose yokufafaza.
Izithombo zivame ukuvela ngosuku lwe-4 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, kuthi ngemuva kwamaviki angama-4-6 utshani bubonakale lusakhiwa kahle.
Itshani elisencane lidinga ukuthambisa kaningi kunomuntu omdala
Uma umphumela ungagculisi, umakhi wethanga uyahlaziya: ngabe konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele yini. Iphutha elijwayelekile phakathi kwabaqalayo ukuxuba ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 (lokhu kulula ngoba imbewu incane). Yebo, abalimi abanolwazi bakwenza lokhu, kepha abaqalayo bavame ukuphuthelwa - bathela isihlabathi esikhulu kunembewu, bese ngenxa yalokho bethola amabala empandla otshanini.
Omunye umbuzo obalulekile: isiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwenza utshani? Kungcono ukuthi umlimi we-novice enze lokhu entwasahlobo:
- ngesikhathi sokutshala, bayoba nesikhathi sokukhula kahle futhi, ngokuzayo, ebusika ngempumelelo
- uma kutholakala amaphutha emsebenzini, kunesikhathi esanele sokuba umnikazi wotshani awalungise - ehlobo, ekuqaleni kokuwa;
- inhlabathi yasentwasahlobo inothile umswakama, lokhu kuzosiza ukukhula kotshani.
Amathiphu ochwepheshe: emaphethelweni etshani, imbewu kufanele ithululwe ibe mkhulu kunokuba iphakathi nendawo, cishe kabili, futhi umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngesimo sezulu esizolile, ukuze imbewu ingasabalali lapho kungadingeki khona.
Iseluleko esithile sochwepheshe kuvidiyo
Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okuncane okudingayo okufanele uqinisekise ngemuva kokuhlwanyela
Ukunisela okuzenzakalelayo kudingeka kucatshangwe ngaphambi kokutshala utshani
Hlwanyela - bese ukhohlwa? Leli qhinga ngokuqinisekile aliphathelene notshani. Udinga ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kumphathi wegadi noma umabhalane wasehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuthi utshani butshintshe kanjani, ukuthi bugxile kangakanani ekuzithokoziseni ngobuhle bayo iminyaka eminingi.
Enye yezinto eziphambili zokunakekela ukunisela. Umswakama enhlabathini udingeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu, zizofa enhlabathini eyomile ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ukubhala amanzi akufanele kuvunyelwe, ukuze kungacasuli ukwakheka kwe-moss, isikhunta, ukubola. Inani elifanele lokunisela lizo zonke izinsuku ezingama-3-4. Ngokuncono - ngokufafaza (noma ukufafaza).
Ngokususa ukhula, ochwepheshe abakukhuthazi ukushesha - kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho utshani buqinile futhi bungenziwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, lo mzuzu uza ngenyanga engu-1. Futhi ngisho nangemva kwalokhu kulawulwa kokhula kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela - ukubeka ishidi le-plywood bese kumi kuwo, hhayi ngqo otshanini. Abanye abalimi benza lokhu: bakha into enjenge-skis emfushane kusuka ezingxenyeni ze-plywood bese beyibopha ezicathulweni - ingcindezi yotshani kuleli cala usatshalaliswa ngokufanayo.
Indawo elandelayo ebalulekile iyabhedula. Ngibonga yena, ngendlela, kunezinkinga ezimbalwa zokhula, ngoba izilimo ezingafuneki "zincitshisiwe", zibavimbele ekwakheni imbewu futhi baqhubeke nokuhlasela utshani. Ukucheba kokuqala kungenziwa lapho ukuphakama kotshani kufinyelela ku-12-15 cm, kufanele kunqunywe cishe ngamasentimitha ayi 5. Ithuluzi lalomsebenzi kufanele lilungiselelwe kahle: uma imimese ishubile ku-mower, izoqala ukukhipha izitshalo ngezimpande. Ukuvunda kokukhanda kube kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ehlobo, okuvame kakhulu ekwindla.
Ukulungiswa kahle kotshani obusika kubaluleke kakhulu - kufanele kuncishiswe, kuhlanzwe amaqabunga endiza azungeze izihlahla.
Yini engalimaza utshani? Okuxakayo ngokwanele, izinja. Ukulandelwa komsebenzi wabo obalulekile osuswe engxenyeni yotshani "eshisayo", kungabonakala amabala ekhaphethini eluhlaza okotshani.
Utshani otshalwe ngotshani obungapheli, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ngokushesha buba ngumhlobiso. Izosala iminyaka, uma isekelwa ukuchelela okujwayelekile nokugqoka okungaphezulu, ngesikhathi sokusika futhi kulungiselelwe ngokucophelela ubusika.
