Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayazi kudala indlela enjalo yokusakazeka kwesihlahla esithandekayo sama-apula (noma omunye umuthi wezithelo) njengokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zomoya. Kuhle ngoba lapha ungakwenza kalula ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuxhunyelelwa. Ngaphezu kwale ndlela enhle kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, indlela echazwe ngezansi isisakazekele.
Iphupho lanoma yimuphi umhlali wasehlobo ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezitshalo zezithelo besebenzisa ukusikwa. Kuyavela ukuthi le ndlela ingasakaza ama-currant hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-apula kanye ne-apula. Ngakho-ke, ukusakazwa kwezihlahla zezithelo ngokusikwa kungenziwa futhi kufanele kuzanywe ukuze ufunde, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezibonelo eziningi eziphumelelayo.
Ama-aphula akhula ngezimpande futhi akhula ngezimpande
Namuhla awukwazi ukuthola ingadi eyodwa lapho umuthi wezithelo ongashintshiwe wawungeke ukhule. Noma yimuphi umhlengikazi wenza okulandelayo. Izinhlobo ezibalulekile zamapharele noma zezihlahla zama-apula zixhunyelelwa kunoma yisiphi isiphunzi, khona-ke isitshalo esiphumela lapho siyathengiswa. Umhlali wasehlobo uyayithenga futhi ayihlanyele endaweni yayo ukuze athole isivuno esikhulu esinezimpawu zokunambitheka eziphakeme. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ngeshwa, cha.
Abahlengikazi bafaka ukuxhunyelelwa nokuthengiswa kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke, akekho ovame ukucabanga ngokuhambisana kwe-scion kanye nesitoko. Ngenxa yalokhu "kuvivinya," umhlali wasehlobo utshala isitshalo engadini yakhe esingakulungelanga ukuphila ezimeni zezulu zamanje noma uthele izithelo ezihluke kakhulu kulokho okuthengelwe ukuthengiswa kwezithombo. Lokhu kuyasebenza ezihlahleni zama-apula. Uma, lapho kuxhunyelelwa isitokhwe ne-scion yamapharele, ukungasebenzi kwawo kwenzeka, khona-ke lesi yisithombo ngeke nje sinikeze isivuno, kodwa ezimweni ezingama-99% siyovele sife.
Yini okufanele uyenze lapho kunesidingo sokugcwalisa ingadi ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile futhi ezinokulinganisela okuhle kwamapharele, izihlahla zama-apula, amapulamu kanye nama-cherries? Kukhona indlela yokuphuma - lokhu kungukusakazwa kwezithelo. Kulokhu, umbuzo wokuhambisana kwe-scion nesitoko ususwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngoba isitshalo esizayo sizokhula kusuka kokusikwa kwesihlahla esivele sicijelwe izithelo. Izihlahla uqobo ngaphandle kwezinkinga zithwala ukugeleza kwamanzi aseduze komhlaba. Kuzoba lula ukuzisakaza hhayi ngezihlahla zokusika kuphela, kepha nangamagatsha noma ngosizo lwamahlumela wezimpande.
Kuyiqiniso, umuntu ngeke asho ngokuqiniseka okuyi-100% ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwezihlahla zezithelo ngokunqunywa kuwukuphela kwendlela eyiqiniso nesebenzayo engenakuqhathaniswa nokuthengwa kwezithombo. Zombili lezi zindlela zinobuhle nobubi bazo. Ngokuqiniseka, singasho nje ukuthi ukusakazeka usebenzisa ukusika kungenye indlela yokusakazeka kwezihlahla zezihlahla zezithelo okufanele ukunakwe.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-apula nezimpande ze-pearl kahle
Amandla okuthatha izimpande futhi uthathe izimpande empilweni ezimele ahlukile ukusikwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ziba ngcono, ezinye zimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kunganqunywa kuphela ngamandla. Kuyabonakala ukuthi uma izithelo ezincane ngosayizi, isiqu saso sivele ngokushesha futhi siphumelela ngokwengeziwe.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zilungele ukusikwa okukhulayo:
- Amapharele: Imemori yeZhegalov, Autumn Yakovleva, Lada, Moskvichka.
- Izihlahla ze-Apple: I-Northerner, iRanetka, iPepinka Altai, iMoses Red, i-Kuznetsovskaya, Iphupho, iVityaz, i-Altai dessert, i-Aport Alexander.
Ungakhula kanjani i-apula ekhula izimpande kanye ne-peak kusuka ku-shank
Ukutshala okuvundile kwesithombo
Kukhona indlela yokukhula izihlahla zama-apula ezikhula izimpande, ongayenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokusikwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isithombo (ngokuxhunyelelwa noma izimpande) lapho uneminyaka engu-2-3. Entwasahlobo itshalwe emgodini wokufika endaweni evundlile. Uma kukhona amahlumela esihlahleni sama-apula, khona-ke abekwa ngokuqondile futhi alungiswe ngokusekelwa. Endaweni lapho izinqubo zixhumeke khona kusiqu esikhulu zenza i-incision futhi zisuse ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-cortex. Lokhu kusebenza kuyadingeka ekwakhekeni kokuqala kohlelo lwezimpande eduze kwenqubo ngayinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpande kanye nesiqu sesitshalo kumbozwe ngomhlaba. Ukudubula ngakunye kuzovame ukukhula. Mhlawumbe kuzokwakha amagatsha amasha azimele namahlumela amasha. Iminyaka engu-2-3, i-apula noma iparele lishiywe kulesi sikhundla. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, ihlumela ngalinye lizonikeza uhlelo lwalo oluzimele. Okulandelayo, yisithombo ngasinye sihlukaniswa nesitshalo esikhulu bese sithunyelwa ekuzikhuliseni komunye unyaka noma emibili. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa, amahlumela awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa nesitshalo somama futhi angatshalwanga. Umphumela uba into efana uthango.
Ukusakazeka kwe-apula kanye nokusikwa kwe-pearl
Okulandelayo, cabanga ukusika njengenye yezindlela eziphumelelayo zokusakazwa kwezihlahla zezithelo. Izilimo zigawulwa enkabeni yeRussia engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, ezindaweni ezibandayo - ekupheleni kukaJuni nengxenye yokuqala kaJulayi. Kukhona isitshalo esidala esinamahlumela amasha. Okwenzelwe ukusikwa, yilezi kuphela lezo amahlumela ezifanele, engxenyeni engezansi lapho amagxolo aqala khona ukwakha, kanti elingaphezulu eliyinhloko seluhlaza. Amaqabunga kufanele asevuleke ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwengaphezulu lokugcina.
Izilimo zisikwa ekuseni, lapho inani eliphezulu lomswakama libuthwa esitshalweni. Ukuze usike sebenzisa ummese wokuxhunyelelwa. Ukusikwa kokuqala okuphansi kwenziwa nge-engela yama-degree angama-45 lapho kuqonde khona izinso, kepha akunqunywa. Ingxenye engenhla yenziwa ngokuqinile ngenhla kwezinso. Ihlumela elilodwa, kuye ngosayizi walo, lingahlukaniswa kabili ukusikwa kabili.
Ihlamvu ngalinye kufanele libe namaqabunga amathathu nama-internode amabili. Iqabunga elingaphansi liyasuswa, futhi kushiywe ingxenye kuphela kule mibili ephezulu ukuze isitshalo sivutha umswakama omncane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Okulandelayo, ukusikwa kubekwa kusisombululo esilungiselelwe kwangaphambili ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande isikhathi esingamahora ayi-18, ukumboza phezulu ngesikhwama.
Ngenkathi ukusika kusenkingeni, lungiselela ibhokisi lokutshala. Ukuphakama kwebhokisi kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-30. Isakhi esingumsoco esingama-15 cm ubukhulu sithululelwa ezansi kwaso. Ngenhla kunesihlabathi esibaliwe cishe esingamasentimitha angama-5. Kubalulekile ukubopha, ngoba lolu ungqimba kufanele lukhululwe kuma-microorganisms ayingozi. Isendlalelo nesihlabathi kuniselwa kakhulu. Isixazululo eshukumisa ukwakheka kwezimpande singasetshenziselwa nokunisela.
Ukusika okulungiselelwe kusitshalwe esihlabathini kuya ekujuleni okungaba ngu-1.5 cm. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungagcizi ujule, uma kungenjalo, izingcezu zingabola. Ibhokisi elinezihlahla ezisikiwe ligcwele ifilimu phezulu bese lishiyelwa endaweni abamba ukushisa noma kuyo abamba ukushisa. Ukusika kuzodinga ukukhanya okuningi ukuze izimpande, kepha ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kubalulekile ukukugwema. Inhlabathi esebhokisini kumele ihlale inomswakama, futhi kanye ngeviki abamba ukushisa okuthuthukile kudingeka bavuleke umoya. Ukunisela kwenziwa kangcono ngesibhamu sokufafaza ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwesihlabathi.
Uma amaqabunga okusikiwe aqala ukubola, khona-ke kubalulekile ukuwasusa esihlwini ngokushesha okukhulu. Into efanayo idinga ukwenziwa ngosiki ngokwabo, okungazange kuthathe izimpande, kodwa kwaqala ukubola. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso yokunqanda ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kohlobo olunempilo.
Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, izimpande zokuqala zizovela kuma-cutways. Okulandelayo, abamba ukushisa kudinga ukuvulwa kaningi, ngaleyondlela kuqinise isitshalo. Ekwindla, ibhokisi elinemisipha liyenziwa futhi lingcwatshwe engadini esezingeni lomhlabathi. Phezulu imbozwe nge-peat noma i-sawdust.
Entwasahlobo, izithombo ezisikiwe zitshalwa embhedeni cishe unyaka owodwa ukuze ziqine. Ngemuva kwalokho zingatshalwa endaweni entsha yaphakade.
Enye indlela yokususa izingcezu ukusebenzisa ibhodlela le-champagne elingenalutho. Ihlumela eliluhlaza linqunywa phansi, lifakwe ebhodleleni eligcwele amanzi abilisiwe. Kubalulekile ukunamathisela ibhodlela ngokuqinile nge-var noma nge-wax. Ngokulandelayo, kufakwa ibhodlela emhlabathini, bese ihlumela linqunywa bese izinsalela ezintathu zisale ngaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba. Isithombo simbozwe ngefilimu phezulu. Uma kunesidingo, aerate namanzi. Isithombo esisele kuleli fomu iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele anikeze ezakhe izimpande ebhodleleni. Ngemuva kwalokho ingadluliselwa ngokuphephile endaweni yaphakade.
Ngosizo lwe-cuttings, ungakhula ama-plums, ithini lamapheya, ama-apula, iplamu iplamu, i-quince, i-cherry. Le ndlela ayifanele kuphela i-apricot kanye ne-sweet cherry.
