Izimo zokutshala izingadi esifundeni saseLeningrad azikwazi ukubizwa zilungile noma zilungile. Akunjalo isimo sezulu salesi sifunda, noma ukwakheka kwenhlabathi engeyinhle esivivaneni ekutshalweni kwezihlahla zezithelo. Ubukhulu bengqimba elivundile kwezinye izindawo alidluli ku-20-30 cm, izingadi kufanele zihlukaniswe zibe yiziqathi zethanga, izihlabathi kanye nezinwele.
Izitshalo ezimweni zesifunda saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga zinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zama-apula ezinikezwa abahwebi besifunda saseLeningrad zibonakaliswa yiqhwa eliphakeme lokuqina, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane, futhi izithelo ezihlahleni ezinjalo kufanele zivuthwe ngokushesha.
I-Apple Tree
Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo zomuthi wama-apula kukhethwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Agasti noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaSepthemba.
Izinhlobonhlobo zathuthukiswa ngesisekelo se-Antonovka neBelfler-Chinese ngososayensi baseMos State State University M.V. Lomonosov. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isihlahla sama-apula sigawulwa eLower Volga naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yezwe, lapho ukumelana khona nezihlahla eziqandayo, ukumelana okuhle kwesihlahla nokuqhakaza izithelo ekuqaleni kwesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umuthi wama-apula aphakathi nendawo onomqhele obanzi uhlukaniswa yintaba enamandla yamagatsha wamathambo. Amahlumela ezihlahleni anamandla, amafushane, anenqwaba ebonakalayo namaqabunga amakhulu anesikhumba, abuye aqhamuke emuva. Ama-ovaries akhiwa ikakhulukazi kumagilavu, futhi ukuvuthwa kwezithelo okuvame kakhulu kuqala ngonyaka wesithupha ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini. Ngezithelo ezinkulu zesihlahla sama-apula, i-Chosen One inesimo esiyindilinga eyindilinga enezimbambo ezingabonakali kalula, isikhumba esibushelelezi ophuzi nokubomvu okubabayo cishe ebusweni bonke. Ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu okujabulisayo nokujula kwezithelo kuhlala kuze kube nguNovemba.
Isihlahla se-Apple Melba
UMelba ungolunye lwezinhlobonhlobo ezindala kakhulu zama-apula aqhamuka ezihlahleni zaseRussia eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Ngokokuqala ngqa, isihlahla sama-apula saseMelba, esatholakala e-Ottawa, ngonyaka we-1898 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izithelo ezithandekayo ezinamakha zithandwa kakhulu ezifundeni eziningi zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi neRussia, lapho izinhlobonhlobo zakhiwa esifundeni saseLeningrad. Isithelo esisebenzayo sesihlahla sama-apula ngomqhele oyindilinga siqala eminyakeni engama-4-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Iningi lama-ovary liyakhiwa futhi livuthwe kuma-ringworms, bese amahlumela aphakathi nendawo futhi awugqinsi futhi ayimboziwe futhi ambozwe ngamaqabunga angamaqabunga omile omthunzi omuhle.
Ukufakwa izithelo kwezihlahla ezincane zama-apharetha eMelba kwenzeka minyaka yonke, kepha amakhefu angabhekwa ngobudala, yize isivuno esiphelele sezinhlobonhlobo sihlala siphakeme.
Ama-apula avuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, abe osayizi abaphakathi noma abakhulu futhi abunjiwe noma abunjiwe okuncane. Isikhumba esincanyana kakhulu, esinombala okhanyayo wezithelo ezivuthiwe sihlotshiswe ngesikhumba esinezintambo noma esifiphele. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezifundeni zaseLeningrad, iMelbu ihlukaniswa umhlophe qhwa, ispepu esibuhlungu esinephunga elimnandi nokunambitheka okuhle. Yize kukhona ubungozi, ama-apula athuthwa kahle futhi angagcinwa kupholile kuze kube sebusika.
Isihlahla se-Apple i-Aelita
Esifundeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga, izihlahla zama-apula ze-Aelita ezikhule ngenxa yokuwela iBrown Striped kanye neWelsey zahlelwa ngo-1999. Futhi okokuqala izinhlobonhlobo zazitholwa e-VNII. I-I.V. Michurina, umfuyi owaziwayo, umbhali wezinhlobo eziningi ezifuna izinhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo S.I. Isaev.
Ngaphandle kokuqina, izihlahla ezinomqhele obanzi we-pyramidal zinobulukhuni bokubizwa kobusika, azithinteki yisibazi futhi zingamelana nezilimo eziningi ngisho nasezimeni zesifunda saseLeningrad. Izimbali kanye nokwakheka kwamaqanda zivela emahlumela aqondile angaphezulu embozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza omude anendawo ekhanyayo ekhanyayo.
Izithelo eziyindilinga zombala wesihlahla sama-apula se-Aelita ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-120 zinesakhiwo esifanele nombala oyisisekelo ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani.
Ama-apula anenyama ephuzi, enambitheka kahle, ebunjiwe kahle, izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zembulwa maphakathi no-Septhemba, kuyilapho izithelo zisuswa emagatsheni amasonto amabili ngaphambili futhi zigcinwe kuze kube unyaka omusha.
Isihlahla se-Apple Auxis
Esifundeni saseLeningrad kanye nangaphandle kweKaliningrad, izinhlobonhlobo ezivinjiwe eLithuania zokweqa iMacintosh kanye ne-grafenshteyn grafenshte zawa ngekhulu lokugcina futhi zazizinzisa njengobusika obungaqinile futhi bungathobeki.
Izinhlobo ze-apula ze-Auxis ziqala ukuba nezithelo eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo emhlabathini. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakhiwa isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo esinomqhele oyindilinga, okwazi ukukhiqiza izilimo ezibalulekile nezijwayelekile.
Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, futhi ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ezinkulu, zifinyelela ku-140 amagremu ngesisindo, ama-apula efomu elifanele avuthwe. NgoSepthemba, ngesikhathi sokususwa emagatsheni, ama-apula anombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi ngombala ogcwele i-carmine. Futhi emva kwamasonto angama-2-3, umbala oyinhloko uphenduka ophuzi, ukuvuvukala kusakazeka cishe kuso sonke isithelo. Ungagcina izithelo ezingama-dessert amnandi nezomuncu zesihlahla sama-apula se-Auxis nge-pulp elimnyama ophuzi kuze kube sebusika, futhi lapho selehlile, ama-apula awalahlekelwa yikhwalithi kuze kube uMashi.
Incazelo nezithombe zesihlahla se-apula saseWellsie
Yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1860, i-apple yaseMelika i-Welsey yamukelwa izifunda eziningana zengxenye ye-Russia yaseRussia, kubandakanya neLeningrad Region. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi bayazi izihlahla zama-apula zikaWelsey ngokuchaza nangesithombe, futhi banokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ekukhuleni kwezihlahla eziphakathi nendawo zobusika kahle ezindaweni zezulu ezinesimo sezulu esibi futhi abazi ukuthathwa yizifo. Ama-apula amasha anika isivuno sokuqala eneminyaka engu-4-5.
Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, zingaphezu kwesithathu izinhlobo ezintsha zezihlahla zamaapula eziye zasungulwa namuhla ngesisekelo seWelsey.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingabizwa ngokuthi ngomunye wabaholi ekukhiqizeni, ngoba umuthi wama-apula onomqhele oyindilinga ungakhiqiza izithelo ezingaphezu kwama-250 kg ngesizini. Kuliqiniso, amagatsha akhula nge-engela eqinile angamelana nomthwalo onjalo kuphela uma esekelwa kahle, uma kungenjalo, ukunqamula amafindo amakhulu asemathangeni ngeke kugwenywe. Ukuvulwa kwamaqabunga amancane agobekile noma agobekile kwandulelwa ukubonakala okukhulu kwezimbali eziphinki noma ezi-lilac.
Ama-apula asayizi wobusika ka-Wellsie aphakathi nendawo, athambile futhi ambozwe ngesikhumba esibushelelezi sombala okhanyayo okhanyayo noma ophuzi ophuzi. Ngokusho kwesithombe nencazelo, izithelo zomuthi we-Wellsie ziningi, zibomvu okumnyama, zimile ngokuqinile noma ziyimibala emibalabala noma yinyama emhlophe noma eluhlaza okotshani. Ukuvunwa kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuhlehlisa nokukha izithelo, ngeviki nje lapho ama-apula eqala ukubumbeka. Eminyakeni efudumele efudumele, izithelo ezivuthiwe ngemuva nje kokuvunwa zinambitheka okumnandi futhi okumuncu, uma isizini bekuna, impahla yabathengi iyancishiswa. Ukugcina ukuqaphela umswakama endlini yokugcina izinto, ungagcina ama-apula we-Wellsie aphulukana ngokushesha nokugcwala kwawo kuze kube sebusika.
Ibanga apple-umuthi Druzhnoe
IDruzhnoe, ukukhula okusheshayo, okumelana nezifo ezivamile kanye namaqhwa, kungumphumela womsebenzi wabazalisi besiteshi saseLeningrad sendawo, osebenzise i-Antonovka ejwayelekile nezinhlobonhlobo zikaJonathan ngokuwela.
Kakade ngonyaka wesine, engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, isihlahla sama-apula esinezimbali eziqhakaza umqhele futhi ekupheleni kukaSepthemba sinikeza isivuno sokuqala, esinezilinganiso ezinkulu, ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-170 wezithelo. Ama-apula anesimo esiyindilinga nokukhanya okuyisikhumba ophuzi nge-tint eluhlaza. Izimbambo zibonakala ngokucacile ebusweni bezithelo. Ukufiphala kubomvu okubomvu, kumabala, noma ku-banded. Ama-apula awugqinsi kakhulu, amnandi futhi amuncu, agcina ubusawoti nokunambitha kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Leli khwalithi kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu kunikeza inani elengeziwe kulolu hlobo lwe-apula lesifunda seLeningrad.
I-Apple Tree Antey
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zase-apula zasebusika ezinezithelo ezinkulu i-Antei ukufezekiswa kososayensi baseBelarus. Izinhlobonhlobo zitholwe ekushayeni impova yaseBelarusian raspberry ngesihlahla samahhabhula esihlanganisiwe kusuka ezinhlotsheni zeBabushkino neNewtosh. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinobunzima bokuqina obusika nokuqina okujwayelekile kwakwaziswa kakhulu abalimi baseBelarus, futhi kwavuselela isithakazelo esikhulu esifundeni saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga. Ihambisana nomqhele osobala, othulwe kalula, umuthi ongafika kumamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama uqala ukwakha isibeletho iminyaka engama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala futhi njalo ngonyaka unikela kuze kube ngama-50 kg ama-apula aqinile agcinwe izinyanga ezingaba ngu-6-7.
Izimo zesimo sezulu cishe azinawo umthelela enanini lezithelo zakwa-Antei nekhwalithi yazo, okuyinzuzo eyengeziwe ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neRussia.
Cishe imbozwe ngokuphelele ngombala obomvana obomvu noma obomvu, izithelo zinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-200 futhi zinesimo esifanelekile sombala. Kuma-apula, ukugoqa oku-waxy kubonakala kahle, okunikeza izithelo umbala omfushane noma onsomi. Ukuvuna ama-apula, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esifundeni esithile, kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma emasontweni okuqala ka-Okthoba. Ungazama izithelo ezivuthiwe nezimuncu zesihlahla se-apula u-Antei ngoDisemba. Izinhlobonhlobo zigcinwa kuze kube maphakathi nentwasahlobo elandelayo.
I-Apple Tree Asterisk
Olunye uhlobo lwe-apula lasebusika esifundeni iLeningrad lwatholakala esikhungweni sokucwaninga i-All-Russian I-I.V. I-Michurina. I-asterisk iwumphumela wesiphambano phakathi kwe-Anis neLepinka yaseLithuania. Izinhlobonhlobo ziqala ukuthela izithelo emva kweminyaka eyisithupha zifakwe inoculation, kanti ama-apula avuthwa minyaka yonke futhi athela amakhulu kakhulu. Isiko leli alivumelani nokubola, libekezelela ubusika esifundeni saseLeningrad. Izihlahla ezinamandla zabantu abadala ezinomqhele osakazayo noma omile kancane zakhiwe kahle.
Izihlahla zama-apula we-Asterisk zisabela kahle ekuthengeni, ziphendule ngezithelo ezinkulu futhi zibeke inqwaba yezimbali zezimbali engxenyeni ephakathi nengaphandle yomqhele.
Ama-apula wokuvuthwa ubusika ahlala emisha futhi angalahli izimfanelo zawo zabathengi kuze kube kuphela uFebhuwari. Ngokufakwa izithelo okuningi kwesihlahla sama-apula i-Zvezdochka, izithelo ziphakathi nendawo, zisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo ngesikhumba esibushelelezi sombala oluhlaza. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula, ama-apula ambozwe ngokubomvu ngombala omnyama we-carmine blurred. Futhi inyama yabo emnandi futhi emuncu enoshukela, imvama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphansi kwesikhumba ingaba ne-pink tint.
Isihlahla se-Apple iRetet Chernenko
Umphumela wokuvinjelwa kwamahhala kukaPepin Renet, izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula uRenet Chernenko zakhiwe ezindaweni ezithile esifundeni saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, kubandakanya nedolobha laseSt. Izihlahla ze-apula zinamandla, ziqinile, zibekezelela isithwathwa esinzima futhi zimelana nomonakalo wethonya. Ezinhlotsheni zesimanje, izithelo ziqala sekwephuze kakhulu - ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6-7 ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini, ngenkathi umuthi ukwazi ukukhiqiza ama-aphula angama-60 kuya kwangama-170 ama-apula sekwephuzile sekwephuzile.
Izithelo eziphakathi nendawo zohlobo lwe-matte yesihlahla sama-apula seRenet Chernenko zinomumo ojwayelekile oyisicaba ozungezwe, zipendwe ngamathoni aluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi kanti ngasohlangothini olubheke elangeni zimbozwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo ngendlela yemivimbo noma amachashazi ahlelwe kahle. Ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu okuvumelana kahle kwepulpense elimhlophe elimhlophe kuhlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Isihlahla se-Apple Sayisaare
Ibonisa ukulimala okuphakathi nobusika obujwayelekile, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-apula ezikhuthaza ukumelana nezihlahla ezinamandla ezitholwa yi-Sayisaare zitholwe abafuyi base-Estonia abangama-amateur, futhi namhlanje kunconyelwa ukulinyelwa esifundeni saseLeningrad.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinomqhele omnyama oyindilinga ongamelana nezithelo eziqinile zamadrama ayikhulu, isisindo sezithelo eziphakanyisiwe noma eziyindilinga ezine-bevel ebonakalayo ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-ovary yokuqala ivela eminyakeni engama-4-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Ngesikhathi seminyaka yokuzithelo okukhulu, ngezinye izikhathi izithelo ziya zincane, noma isivuno sonyaka olandelayo siyancipha. Ama-apula aminyene asuswe ngoSepthemba anesikhumba esinezikhumba ezinamafutha ngesikhumba esimfushane.
Ngo-Okthoba, lapho izithelo zesihlahla se-apula se-Sayisaare sezikulungele ukudliwa, inyama eluhlaza ekhanyayo iba namanzi, iphunga futhi ithola ukunambitheka okuhle okumnandi nokumuncu. Ukuvunwa kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kusezingeni eliphakeme;
